小學(xué)英語語法總結(jié)及練習(xí)
一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則
1．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2．以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3．以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4．以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives，leaf——leaves
5．不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,
child-children， foot-feet, tooth-teeth
fish-fish, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)
I _________ him _________ this ___________ her ______
watch _______ child _______ photo ________ diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______ box_______ strawberry _____
peach______ sandwich ______ dish_______ bus_______
man______ woman_______
二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹：
【No. 1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。
2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I get up at six every day.我天天六點(diǎn)起床。
3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：
1. be動(dòng)詞：主語＋be(am,is,are)＋其它。如：I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。
2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語＋行為動(dòng)詞( 其它)。如：We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。
當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。
如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。
【No. 2】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化
1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。
否定句：主語＋be not＋其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑問句：Be＋主語＋其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
非凡疑問句：疑問詞＋一般疑問句。如：Where is my bike?
2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。
否定句：主語＋don't( doesn't )＋ 動(dòng)詞原形( 其它)。如：I don't like bread.
當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：He doesn't often play.
一般疑問句：Do( Does )＋主語＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其它。
如： - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。
如： - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
動(dòng)詞 s的變化規(guī)則:
1．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2．以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3．以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練:
一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ________
come________ watch______ plant_______ fly _________
study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
wash_______
二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. －What day _______(be) it today?
－ It’s Saturday
三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
2．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：be＋動(dòng)詞ing.
3．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。
4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。
5．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：特殊疑問詞+be+主語+動(dòng)詞ing?
但疑問詞當(dāng)主語時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：特殊疑問詞+be+動(dòng)詞ing?
動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則
1．一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
2．以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting
3．假如末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，
如：run-running, stop-stopping
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：
一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________
go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________
read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
四、將來時(shí)理論及練習(xí)
1、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或預(yù)備做某事。
句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon,
the day after tomorrow（后天）等。
2、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be going to do； ②will do.
3、否定句：在be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are）后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成won’t。
例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.
→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
4、同義句：be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.
練習(xí)填空：
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2.我們將要學(xué)習(xí)英語
We _____ _______ _________ learn English.
We ________ learn English.
五、一般過去時(shí)
1．一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
2．Be動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化：
⑴am 和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasn’t）
⑵are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=weren’t）
3．句中沒有be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的句子
否定句：didn’t 動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則：
1．一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：work-worked , cook-cooked
2．結(jié)尾是e加d，如：live－lived
3．末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加
如：stop-stopped
4．以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied
5．不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式：
am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went,
come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put,
read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat
過去時(shí)練習(xí)
寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式
is\am_________ plant________ are ________ do ________
drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________
does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____
taste_________ eat__________ put ______ pass_______ kick_________
Be動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)（1）
1. I _______ at school just now.
2. He ________ at the camp last week.
3. We ________ students two years ago.
4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.
7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
9. I ______ an English teacher now.
10. She _______ happy yesterday.
11. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
行為動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)（2）
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning?
She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
六、人稱代詞和物主代詞
|
人稱代詞 |
物主代詞 | ||
|
主格 （句首做主語） |
賓格 （句尾做賓語） |
形容詞性 （名首做主語） |
名詞性 （句尾做賓語） |
|
I |
me |
my |
mine |
|
you |
you |
your |
yours |
|
he |
him |
his |
his |
|
she |
her |
her |
hers |
|
it |
it |
its |
its |
|
we |
us |
our |
ours |
|
they |
them |
their |
theirs |
習(xí)題
一.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but ________ is very big. ( I )
2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
4. ________ is my brother. ______ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
二、用am, is, are 填空
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
2. The girl______ Jack's sister.
3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.
7. How _______ your father?
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.
9. Whose dress ______ this?
10. Whose socks ______ they?