Lesson 17 Always young
課文內(nèi)容：
My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asked her how old she is, she always answers, ‘My dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!'
本文語法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must和have to的用法
語法歸納：must通常表示主觀上的“必須”，have to通常表示客觀上的“不得不”。
1)has / have to = has / have got to，后者常常用于口 語中。
2)has / have to 的過去式為had to。
例如：You must clean your own room.你必須打掃你的房間了。
I have to leave at 6 o’clock this afternoon.今天下午六點(diǎn)鐘我必須得走。
Last winter, we had to wear gloves and scarf.去年冬天，我們不得不戴上手套和圍巾。
Have you got to go? 你一定要去嗎?
逐句精講：
1.My aunt Jennifer is an actress.
我的姑姑詹妮弗是一個(gè)演員。
語言點(diǎn)1 構(gòu)詞法總結(jié)：以-er,-or,-ce結(jié)尾表人的名詞常指男性，而以-ess結(jié)尾表人的名詞常指女性: waiter男服務(wù)員 waitress女服務(wù)員 actor男演員 actress女演員 prince王子 princess公主 lion獅子 lioness母獅子 god神 goddess 女神 policeman 警察 policewoman 女警察
學(xué)習(xí)小貼士： teacher(教師)、doctor(醫(yī)生)、professor(教授)不分男女。
語言點(diǎn)2 注意actor, actress前不定冠詞用an,并且需要連續(xù)。
2.She must be at least thirty-five years old.
她至少也有35歲了
語言點(diǎn)1 must be很可能是，一定是
1)must be對一般現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的推測：He must be an actor.他一定是一個(gè)演員。
2)must be doing對現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行事情的推測：My sister must be watching TV.我的妹妹一定是在看電視。
3)must have done 對一般過去事實(shí)的推測：They must have arrived at the railway station. 他們肯定已經(jīng)到火車站了。
4)must have been doing 對過去正在進(jìn)行事情的推測：Last year he must have been learning GRE.去年他肯定是在學(xué)GRE。
5)must have been doing 對過去正在進(jìn)行事情的推測：Last year he must have been learning GRE去年他肯定是在學(xué)GRE。
語言點(diǎn)2 比較學(xué)習(xí)：“at +髙級”表示“……，至……”
1)at least 至少：You must read this article at least three times.你必須把這篇文章至少讀三遍。
2)at most至多：I can stay here for at most an hour.我多只能在這里待上一個(gè)小時(shí)。
3)at first 首先：At first it was very cold, but then it got hotter. 一開始天氣很冷，但后來變熱了。
4)at last 后：I had to give all my dollars to the robber at last.后我不得已把所有的美金都給了搶劫者。
5)at best 有可能，充其量：We can not arrive at the Capital Airport before 10 o’clock at best.我們無論如何十點(diǎn)之前也到不了首都機(jī)場。
6)at worst 壞的情況，差：At worst we still have one train ticket.作壞的打算，我們?nèi)匀贿€有一張火車票。
3.In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.
盡管如此，她依然經(jīng)常在舞臺上扮演小姑娘。
語言點(diǎn)1 in spite of = despite意為“盡管如此”，后面經(jīng)常接名詞(短語)或代詞(短語)。
試譯：盡管已經(jīng)上了年紀(jì)，我爺爺依然每天都要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)。
Despite old age, my grandfather still works hard every day.
再譯：盡管天氣惡劣，我們還是及時(shí)趕到了辦公室。
In spite of terrible weather, we arrived at the office in time.
語言點(diǎn)2 扮演……角色：appear on the stage as sb, / perform in the role of …
Because he looks very young, he often performs in the role of little boy.
因?yàn)樗L得很年輕，所以常常扮演小男孩的角色。 4.Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon.
詹妮弗很快又出演一部新戲了。
語言點(diǎn) 1 take part in a play = perform a play 演戲
Last night the pupils performed a good play.昨天晚上，小學(xué)生們演了一場好戲。
語言點(diǎn)2 have to take part in a new play 指詹妮弗作為一個(gè)職業(yè)演員因?yàn)楣ぷ餍枰?，客觀上不得不出演。對比主觀上“必須” ：Must we study hard every day?我們是不是每天都得努力學(xué)習(xí)呢?
5.This time, she will be a girl of seventeen.
這回，她要演一個(gè)17歲的女孩兒。
語言點(diǎn) 表達(dá)年齡的短語(以17歲的女孩為例)：
1) a girl 17 years old (s 不可省) 2) a 17-year-old girl 3) a girl of 17 4) a girl aged 17
6.In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings.
在戲里，她得穿上鮮紅的裙子和黑色的長筒襪。
語言點(diǎn)1 關(guān)于穿著的表達(dá)：
appear in...：I often appear in white shirt.我炫常穿白襯衫。
dress in... ：My sister dresses in a blue skirt today.今天我姐姐穿著一條藍(lán)色的裙子
has / have sth. on：He has a nice suit on.他穿著一件漂亮的西裝。
wear sth.: The English teacher wears a light gray coat.英語老師穿著一件淺灰色的外套
be in +顏色/衣服：This girl is in dark jeans.這個(gè)女孩子穿著深色的牛仔裨。
語言點(diǎn)2 long +black + stockings, long和black兩個(gè)形容詞都用來修飾stockings。多個(gè)形容詞作前置定語舉例：
spare old clothes 多余的舊衣服; dark red new socks 深紅色的新短襪;high smart little girl 高個(gè)的聰明小女孩 7.Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress.
去年，在另一部戲里，她不得不穿短襪和一件鮮艷的橘黃色衣服。
語言點(diǎn)1 last year是過去時(shí)間狀語,所以句中用have to的過去式had to。
1)“had to (have to的過去式)+動(dòng)詞原形”表示過去不得不做某事：had to wear (過去) 不得不穿;had to finish(過去)不得不完成
試譯：今天早上，我不得不等了他三個(gè)小時(shí)。
This morning I had to wait for him for 3 hours.
2)have to的否定形式：don’t have to。注意：haven’t to是錯(cuò)誤的表達(dá)。
You don’t have to go there.你不是必須要去那兒。
3)had to的否定形式：didn’t have to。注意：hadn’t to是錯(cuò)誤的表達(dá)。
語言點(diǎn)2 bright, orange-coloured dress中有一個(gè)逗號，在此沒有實(shí)際的意義，兩個(gè)形容詞都用來修飾dress.
8.If anyone ever asked her how old she is, she always answers, ‘My dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!'
一旦有人問她有多大年紀(jì)，她總是回答：“親愛的，長大成人真可怕啊! ”
語言點(diǎn)1 此句中if引導(dǎo)真實(shí)條件句，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。
語言點(diǎn)2 grow v.生長;grow up長大;grown up長大成人(grown為grow的過去分詞)
課文內(nèi)容：
My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asked her how old she is, she always answers, ‘My dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!'
本文語法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must和have to的用法
語法歸納：must通常表示主觀上的“必須”，have to通常表示客觀上的“不得不”。
1)has / have to = has / have got to，后者常常用于口 語中。
2)has / have to 的過去式為had to。
例如：You must clean your own room.你必須打掃你的房間了。
I have to leave at 6 o’clock this afternoon.今天下午六點(diǎn)鐘我必須得走。
Last winter, we had to wear gloves and scarf.去年冬天，我們不得不戴上手套和圍巾。
Have you got to go? 你一定要去嗎?
逐句精講：
1.My aunt Jennifer is an actress.
我的姑姑詹妮弗是一個(gè)演員。
語言點(diǎn)1 構(gòu)詞法總結(jié)：以-er,-or,-ce結(jié)尾表人的名詞常指男性，而以-ess結(jié)尾表人的名詞常指女性: waiter男服務(wù)員 waitress女服務(wù)員 actor男演員 actress女演員 prince王子 princess公主 lion獅子 lioness母獅子 god神 goddess 女神 policeman 警察 policewoman 女警察
學(xué)習(xí)小貼士： teacher(教師)、doctor(醫(yī)生)、professor(教授)不分男女。
語言點(diǎn)2 注意actor, actress前不定冠詞用an,并且需要連續(xù)。
2.She must be at least thirty-five years old.
她至少也有35歲了
語言點(diǎn)1 must be很可能是，一定是
1)must be對一般現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的推測：He must be an actor.他一定是一個(gè)演員。
2)must be doing對現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行事情的推測：My sister must be watching TV.我的妹妹一定是在看電視。
3)must have done 對一般過去事實(shí)的推測：They must have arrived at the railway station. 他們肯定已經(jīng)到火車站了。
4)must have been doing 對過去正在進(jìn)行事情的推測：Last year he must have been learning GRE.去年他肯定是在學(xué)GRE。
5)must have been doing 對過去正在進(jìn)行事情的推測：Last year he must have been learning GRE去年他肯定是在學(xué)GRE。
語言點(diǎn)2 比較學(xué)習(xí)：“at +髙級”表示“……，至……”
1)at least 至少：You must read this article at least three times.你必須把這篇文章至少讀三遍。
2)at most至多：I can stay here for at most an hour.我多只能在這里待上一個(gè)小時(shí)。
3)at first 首先：At first it was very cold, but then it got hotter. 一開始天氣很冷，但后來變熱了。
4)at last 后：I had to give all my dollars to the robber at last.后我不得已把所有的美金都給了搶劫者。
5)at best 有可能，充其量：We can not arrive at the Capital Airport before 10 o’clock at best.我們無論如何十點(diǎn)之前也到不了首都機(jī)場。
6)at worst 壞的情況，差：At worst we still have one train ticket.作壞的打算，我們?nèi)匀贿€有一張火車票。
3.In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.
盡管如此，她依然經(jīng)常在舞臺上扮演小姑娘。
語言點(diǎn)1 in spite of = despite意為“盡管如此”，后面經(jīng)常接名詞(短語)或代詞(短語)。
試譯：盡管已經(jīng)上了年紀(jì)，我爺爺依然每天都要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)。
Despite old age, my grandfather still works hard every day.
再譯：盡管天氣惡劣，我們還是及時(shí)趕到了辦公室。
In spite of terrible weather, we arrived at the office in time.
語言點(diǎn)2 扮演……角色：appear on the stage as sb, / perform in the role of …
Because he looks very young, he often performs in the role of little boy.
因?yàn)樗L得很年輕，所以常常扮演小男孩的角色。 4.Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon.
詹妮弗很快又出演一部新戲了。
語言點(diǎn) 1 take part in a play = perform a play 演戲
Last night the pupils performed a good play.昨天晚上，小學(xué)生們演了一場好戲。
語言點(diǎn)2 have to take part in a new play 指詹妮弗作為一個(gè)職業(yè)演員因?yàn)楣ぷ餍枰?，客觀上不得不出演。對比主觀上“必須” ：Must we study hard every day?我們是不是每天都得努力學(xué)習(xí)呢?
5.This time, she will be a girl of seventeen.
這回，她要演一個(gè)17歲的女孩兒。
語言點(diǎn) 表達(dá)年齡的短語(以17歲的女孩為例)：
1) a girl 17 years old (s 不可省) 2) a 17-year-old girl 3) a girl of 17 4) a girl aged 17
6.In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings.
在戲里，她得穿上鮮紅的裙子和黑色的長筒襪。
語言點(diǎn)1 關(guān)于穿著的表達(dá)：
appear in...：I often appear in white shirt.我炫常穿白襯衫。
dress in... ：My sister dresses in a blue skirt today.今天我姐姐穿著一條藍(lán)色的裙子
has / have sth. on：He has a nice suit on.他穿著一件漂亮的西裝。
wear sth.: The English teacher wears a light gray coat.英語老師穿著一件淺灰色的外套
be in +顏色/衣服：This girl is in dark jeans.這個(gè)女孩子穿著深色的牛仔裨。
語言點(diǎn)2 long +black + stockings, long和black兩個(gè)形容詞都用來修飾stockings。多個(gè)形容詞作前置定語舉例：
spare old clothes 多余的舊衣服; dark red new socks 深紅色的新短襪;high smart little girl 高個(gè)的聰明小女孩 7.Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress.
去年，在另一部戲里，她不得不穿短襪和一件鮮艷的橘黃色衣服。
語言點(diǎn)1 last year是過去時(shí)間狀語,所以句中用have to的過去式had to。
1)“had to (have to的過去式)+動(dòng)詞原形”表示過去不得不做某事：had to wear (過去) 不得不穿;had to finish(過去)不得不完成
試譯：今天早上，我不得不等了他三個(gè)小時(shí)。
This morning I had to wait for him for 3 hours.
2)have to的否定形式：don’t have to。注意：haven’t to是錯(cuò)誤的表達(dá)。
You don’t have to go there.你不是必須要去那兒。
3)had to的否定形式：didn’t have to。注意：hadn’t to是錯(cuò)誤的表達(dá)。
語言點(diǎn)2 bright, orange-coloured dress中有一個(gè)逗號，在此沒有實(shí)際的意義，兩個(gè)形容詞都用來修飾dress.
8.If anyone ever asked her how old she is, she always answers, ‘My dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!'
一旦有人問她有多大年紀(jì)，她總是回答：“親愛的，長大成人真可怕啊! ”
語言點(diǎn)1 此句中if引導(dǎo)真實(shí)條件句，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。
語言點(diǎn)2 grow v.生長;grow up長大;grown up長大成人(grown為grow的過去分詞)