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When a child is ill in hospital, a parent's first reaction is to be (5l)them.
Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep ( 52) with their child , providing a bed or so fa on the ward.
But until the 1970s this (53)was not only frowned upon-it was actively discouraged. Staff worried that the children were (54) when their parents left , and so there was a blanket ban.
A concemed nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed and her study " Nurse! I want my mummy"published in 1974 , ( 55) the face of paediatric nursing.
Martin Johnson, a professor of nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of (56)like Pamela had changed the face of patient care.
"Pamela's study was done against the (57) of a lively debate in paediatrics and psy-chology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in (58) . "
. "The idea was that if mum came to (59)a small child in hospital the child would beupset and inconsolable for hours. "
"Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at (60) the child stayed in a rela tively stable state but they might be depressed. "
"Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope (61) mum was eve coming back. "
"To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no-one should visit."
"But children were alone and depressed so Hawthorn said parents should be (62) to visit."
"Dr Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, saidher (63) had been seminal. "
"Her research put an end to the (64) when parents handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward. "
" As a result of her work, parents and carers are now recognised as partners m care and are af forded the opportunity to stay with their children whilst they are in hospital, (65) has dramatically improved both parents' and children's experience of care. "
51. A. with B. over C. upon D. for
52. A. soundly B. overtime C. fortnight D. overnight
53. A. order B. thought C. exercise D. practice
54. A. hungry B. upset C. surprised . D. happy
55. A. changed B. examined C. covered D. cleaned
56. A. parents B. nurses C. doctors D. teachers
57. A. field B. background C. circles D. history
58. A. hospital B. family C. group D. school
59. A. worry B. control C. visit D. take
60. A. all B. large C. will D. it
61. A. useless B. that C. because D. whether
62. A. forced B. guided C. persuaded D. allowed
63. A. work B. condition C. doubt D. dream
64. A. months B. weeks C. days D. hours
65. A. which B. this C. what D. thus