Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack
German researchers have ____1____ a new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection____2____sudden death from cardiac arrest.
In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases ____3____ by disruption to the heart’s rhythm. Those most at risk are patients who have ____4____ suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing ____5____ disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds. These devices ____6____ a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.
Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator ____7____ of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of ____8____ blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders the evaluation of ECG data ____9____
The overwhelming ____10____ of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs. Many of the current programs only ____11____ into account a linear correlation of the data. We are, however, making use ____12____ a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system2，”Hagen Knaf says, “____13____changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account3.” An old study of ECG data, based ____14____600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show ____15____ the new software evaluates the data considerably better.
詞匯：
defibrillator 去纖顫器 pending 迫近的，即將發(fā)生的
cardiac .心臟的 implant 植入 arrest .停止
render 使得 disruption 中斷 overwhelming .壓倒的
pacemaker .起搏器 linear 線(性)的
electrocardiogram 心電圖 correlation .相互關(guān)系 chaotic混亂的
注釋：
1.…and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection…：本句中aimed at是過去分詞短語，作前面兩個(gè)名詞的定語，原意是“把目標(biāo)瞄準(zhǔn)……”，此處可譯為“旨在為心臟病人提供更多保護(hù)的早期預(yù)報(bào)軟件”。
2.…a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system：這里that引導(dǎo)的是process的定語從句。as是介詞，open在此可譯務(wù)“直觀的”。本句的意思是：……能夠?qū)⑿呐K跳動(dòng)的混亂模式作為一個(gè)直觀而又復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)揭示出來的非線性處理方法。
3.... and individual variations in patients taken into account：這里在taken之前省略了與上句相同的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞can be。
練習(xí)：
1.A come up B come up with C come up to D come up against
2.A to B for C with D from
3.A are caused B caused C are to cause D have been causing
4.A easily B readily C frequently D already
5.A disease-producing B health-improving C. life-threatening D.error-correcting
6.A take in B take after C take on D take from
7.A capable B able C skillful D skilled
8.A chronic B acute C recurrent D persistent
9.A precisely B more precisely C precision D more precise
10.A maximum B minimum C majority D minority
11.A get B take C bring D fetch
12.A of B with C for D in
13.A Similarly B In this manner C Otherwise D In this way
14.A in B for C upon D with
15.A what B where C that D when
答案與題解：
1.B come up with字面意思是“和……一起來到世上”，有“引起;產(chǎn)生;發(fā)明”的意思，符合上下文意思。A項(xiàng)是“走近”，C項(xiàng)是“到達(dá)”、“符合”，D項(xiàng)是“遇到(困難)”，均不合適。
2.D protection與它的動(dòng)詞protect一樣，后面跟介詞from或against，意為“起保護(hù)作用以免于……”，其他介詞均不合適。
3.A 此處的謂語動(dòng)詞必須使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因?yàn)橹髡Zmany of these cases指的是“病人”、“病例”,那就應(yīng)該是“被引起的”，故其他選項(xiàng)使用主動(dòng)語態(tài)都不合適，況且后面by的介詞短語已是一個(gè)明顯的提示。
4.D 此處要填的副詞應(yīng)該表示“已經(jīng)”的意思，完成時(shí)態(tài)的謂語已經(jīng)起了提示作用，A項(xiàng)、B項(xiàng)都是“容易”的意思，C項(xiàng)是“經(jīng)?！钡囊馑?，均不合適。
5.C 從上下文看，只有C項(xiàng)“威脅生命的”合適，A、B、D三項(xiàng)分別為“致病的”、“促進(jìn)健康的”、“糾錯(cuò)的”，均不對(duì)。
6.C take on表示“承擔(dān)”，符合上下文意思，其他三項(xiàng)分別為“接受，接收”(A)、“仿效”(B)、“削減”(D)，均不對(duì)。
7.A A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)均有“能夠”的意思，但用法不同，capable of (doing) sth，而able to do sth，故A項(xiàng)才是答案。C、D項(xiàng)均是“熟練的，有技能的”,但后面都要用介詞in，且在此處詞義也不合適。
8.B 上下文的意思是“……的血液流通問題和即將發(fā)生的心臟病”，后面這一部分為前面這個(gè)空白暗示了必須填acute，因?yàn)槠渌齻€(gè)選項(xiàng)“慢性的”、“復(fù)發(fā)性的”、“持久性的”，都與這個(gè)語境不協(xié)調(diào)。
9.D 填這個(gè)空時(shí)要注意前面謂語動(dòng)詞在這里的用法，它在這里的意思相當(dāng)于make，后面要求復(fù)合賓語，這里缺一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語，顯然副詞(A、B)和名詞(C)均不適合在這里充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語，故只有D項(xiàng)合適。
10.C 選項(xiàng)A和B分別是指量、最小量或值、最低值，而選項(xiàng)C和選項(xiàng)D則指多數(shù)和少數(shù)。由于前面已有overwhelming (“壓倒性的”)提示，故只能用majority。
11.B take sth. into account是固定短語，意為“考慮，重視”，其他幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞都與into account不搭。
12.A make use of是固定短語，意為“利用”，其他介詞都與其不搭配。
13.D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A、B項(xiàng)均是“同樣地”的意思，C項(xiàng)放句首時(shí)，一般是“否則的話”的意思，這些與上下文所要表達(dá)的意思均不吻合，因?yàn)榍懊娌]有提到什么方法可作比較，故只有D項(xiàng)“用這種方法”比較合適。
14.C base sth. on/upon是固定短語，表示“把……建立在……基礎(chǔ)上”，此處用過去分詞短語作為old study.的定語，除了on/upon以外，其他介詞都與其不搭配。
15.C 此處空白需要填上一個(gè)能引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞。從賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)看，它的句子是完整的，所以只需填that作為純粹連接詞就行了，其他三項(xiàng)均要充當(dāng)從句中的句子成分，且有一定意義，故不合適。