Lesson 3 Please Send Me a Card
【New words and expressions】（11）
send v. 寄，送
postcard n. 明信片
spoil v. 使索然無(wú)味，損壞
museum n. 博物館
public adj. 公共的
friendly adj. 友好的
waiter n. 服務(wù)員，招待員
lend v. 借給
decision n. 決定
whole adj. 整個(gè)的
single adj. 的，單一的
★send v. 寄, 送
send a letter 寄信
send sth. to sb. /send sb. sth. 給某人送（寄）什么東西
send/take children to school：take強(qiáng)調(diào)某人親自送；send則是通過(guò)第三人去送, 如美國(guó)的校車(chē)
take flowers to his wife 自己送
send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送
★postcard n. 明信片
兩個(gè)爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。這里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音
name card /visiting card 名片
Here is my name card. (口語(yǔ)常用, 同時(shí)伴隨著遞出的動(dòng)作)
ID card 身份證 （ID 身份）
credit card 信用卡
cash card 現(xiàn)金卡, 儲(chǔ)蓄卡, 工資卡(不能透支的那種)
★spoil(spoiled，spoilt) v. 使索然無(wú)味, 損壞
① vt. 弄壞，損壞，糟蹋
The sad news spoiled our weekend. 這不幸的消息使我們沒(méi)能過(guò)好周末。
The rain spoiled the school sports. 這場(chǎng)雨把學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)弄得一團(tuán)糟。
This spoiled my day.
What you said spoiled me.
His arrival spoiled my holiday.
② vt. 寵壞，慣壞，溺愛(ài)
Don’t spoil your children. 不能太慣孩子。
His parents spoiled the boy.
spoil: 把東西的質(zhì)量變得不好; 生活中不順心的事;寵壞, 溺愛(ài)
break: 打破; break the windows 打破玻璃
damage: 破壞, 程度不一定很重
destroy : 破壞, 徹底摧毀
以上三個(gè)是指物理上的破壞, 而spoil主要指精神上的
★museum n. 博物館
Palace Museum 故宮
★public adj. 公共的
① adj. 公共的，公眾的，社會(huì)的
There is a public library in this town.
I always sit in public gardens on Sundays.
② adj. 公開(kāi)的，眾人皆知的
Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later. 他們的秘密會(huì)晤20年以后才被公開(kāi)。
public house（酒吧）簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)pub
public place 公共場(chǎng)所
in public 公開(kāi)的；in private 私下里的
Let’s have a conversation in private. 讓我們私下談?wù)?
Why not have a conversation in public? 為什么不公開(kāi)談呢?(當(dāng)面說(shuō)呢?)
③ n. 公眾，群眾，大眾
The public is/are pleased with his explanation. 公眾對(duì)他的解釋很滿意。
The museum is open to the public on Sunday.
★friendly adj. 友好的
friendly是形容詞，單獨(dú)使用時(shí)一般做定語(yǔ)；作為狀語(yǔ)表示這個(gè)人做什么事情很友好, 用短語(yǔ)in a friendly way
He is not very friendly to John.
She gave me a friendly greeting.
He always greets me in a friendly way.
以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞還有l(wèi)ovely，brotherly，fatherly，manly，motherly
★waiter n. 服務(wù)員, 招待員
waiter(男服務(wù)員), waitress(女服務(wù)員), 只出現(xiàn)在餐館里
chief waiter 領(lǐng)班
I want to see the chief waiter. 我要見(jiàn)你們的領(lǐng)班。
shop assistant 商店里的店員
attendant n. （其他公共場(chǎng)所的）服務(wù)員
★lend v. 借給
lend to（借出）：lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth.
Can you lend me $20 please? I’ll pay/give it back tomorrow.
borrow from（借進(jìn)）：borrow sth. from sb./borrow sth. （borrow不能用 borrow sb sth.）
He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasn’t given me it yet.
★decision n. 決定
make /take a decision作出決定
It was not easy for me to make/take this decision.
Are you made/taken a decision?
make a big/great decision (big：重大；great：偉大, 更重大)
decide v. 決定
★whole adj. 整個(gè)的
a whole bottle of milk 一整瓶牛奶
the whole…，the whole day 整天 ，two whole weeks 整整兩星期
all th…，all the day (the可省略) 整天
all of后面如果加代詞, 代詞前面不需要修飾詞；一旦要加名詞, 前面一定要加the
all of us；all of the students
★single adj. 的, 單一的
反義詞 : double 雙倍的
【Text】
Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
參考譯文：
明信片總攪得我假日不得安寧. 去年夏天, 我去了意大利. 我參觀了博物館, 還去了公園. 一位好客的服務(wù)員教了我?guī)拙湟獯罄Z(yǔ), 之后還借給我一本書(shū). 我讀了幾行, 但一個(gè)字也不懂. 我每天都想著明信片的事. 假期過(guò)得真快, 可我還沒(méi)有給我的朋友們寄過(guò)一張明信片. 到了后一天, 我作出了一項(xiàng)重大決定. 我早早起了床, 買(mǎi)來(lái)了37張明信片. 我在房間里關(guān)了整整一天. 然而竟連一張明信片也沒(méi)寫(xiě)成!
【課文講解】
1、Last summer, I went to Italy.
last：
① adj. 上一個(gè)
last summer里的last表示 “上一個(gè)”
② adj. 后一個(gè)，表示“后一個(gè)”時(shí)要加冠詞the
the last day 后一天 （具體到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on）
2、A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.
Italian[i5tAljEn]于Italy[5itEli] : 注意重讀音的位置不同
teach sb. sth. 教某人做某事
He teaches our English.(錯(cuò))
He teaches us English.(對(duì))
語(yǔ)言不可數(shù), 所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian
I can speak a little English/a few words of English.
a few可與復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示肯定，含有some，a small number of（一些，少數(shù)幾個(gè)）的意思。
The police would like to ask him a few questions. 警察要問(wèn)他一些問(wèn)題。
3、Everyday I thought about postcards.
think about/of 考慮, 思考，指某一段時(shí)間一直在想/考慮某事, think of還可指想到
What do you think of?
What do you think of TV program last night?
What do you think of the weather today? 你覺(jué)得天氣怎么樣?
think over 仔細(xì)考慮，反復(fù)思考
What’s the weather like today?
cold, chilly（非常非常冷）, freeze
I'll freeze.我要凍僵了
4、I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
spend與表示時(shí)間的詞或短語(yǔ)連和時(shí)，意思為“花（時(shí)間）”、“度過(guò)”
spend+時(shí)間+地點(diǎn) : 在什么地點(diǎn)我花費(fèi)/度過(guò)了多少時(shí)間
I spend three hours in the sea.
I spend my weekend at my mother's.
I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.
I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)
spend還可以表示“花錢(qián)”
If we spend all the money, we’ll be poor again.
I can’t spend any more on this car.
【Key structures】
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事件、動(dòng)作或情況。它通常指動(dòng)作何時(shí)發(fā)生，而不指動(dòng)作持續(xù)多久。
Do you ever catch a cold in the winter?
Yes, I caught a cold last winter.
【Special Difficulties】
直接賓語(yǔ)與間接賓語(yǔ)
雙賓語(yǔ)：直接賓語(yǔ)(表示動(dòng)作結(jié)果，動(dòng)作所涉及的事物)和間接賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作目標(biāo)，動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的或?yàn)檎l(shuí)做的，通常是人)。間接賓語(yǔ)大多數(shù)情況下置于直接賓語(yǔ)之前，如果間接賓語(yǔ)在后，間接賓主前必須加“to”（表示動(dòng)作對(duì)什么人做）或“for”（表示動(dòng)作為什么人而做）。
give sb. sth./give sth to sb
間接賓語(yǔ)在后面時(shí), 其前必須加to(對(duì)……而言)或for(為……而做)?？梢苑g為“給”、“替”、“為”的，就用for；如果只能翻譯為“給”的, 就用to
與to相連的give, take, pass, read, sell, buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owe
take flowers to my wife.
與for相連的 buy, order, make, find
I buy a book for you .
make a cake for you
find sth. for sb.
do sb. a favor 幫某人一個(gè)忙
Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me? 幫我一個(gè)忙
I do something for you.
Can I order something for you?
Can I buy you a bottle of beer ? 意為我請(qǐng)你喝杯酒的意思
【Multiple choice questions】
4 ___a___ him a few words of Italian? The waiter.
a. Who taught b. Who did teach c. What did he teach d. Whom did he teach
人做主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)——who 對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)——whom
who既可以對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)也可以對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn), 而whom只能對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)
如果對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn), 則句子的語(yǔ)序和陳述句語(yǔ)序一樣；如果對(duì)非主語(yǔ)來(lái)提問(wèn), 則句子要使用特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序
Who/Whom did the waiter teach a few words of Italian?
5 He was a friendly waiter. He spoke to the writer ___d___ .
a. friend b. as friends c. like friends d. in a friendly way
He spoke to the writer like a friend.
in...way :以...方式
作為狀語(yǔ)表示這個(gè)人做什么事情很友好, 用短語(yǔ)in a friendly way
7 He spent the whole day in his room. He was in his room ___c___ day.
a. the hole b. the all c. all d. all of
all (the) day
all of 后面如果加代詞, 代詞前面不需要修飾詞all of us；一旦要加名詞, 前面一定要加the
all of the friends all of my friends all of the students
10 On the last day he made a big decision. It was the ___a___ day of his holiday.
a. final b. end c. latest d. bottom
final——形容詞 end——名詞/動(dòng)詞 latest——形容詞 bottom——名詞
latest adj. 新的
latest news；latest style 新款
11 He made a big decision. He ___b___ .
a. thought about it b. made up his mind c. changed his mind d. made a wish
think about:考慮、思考、想 make up one's mind:下定決心
change one's mind:改變主意 make a wish : 許個(gè)心愿, 愿望, 許愿
【New words and expressions】（11）
send v. 寄，送
postcard n. 明信片
spoil v. 使索然無(wú)味，損壞
museum n. 博物館
public adj. 公共的
friendly adj. 友好的
waiter n. 服務(wù)員，招待員
lend v. 借給
decision n. 決定
whole adj. 整個(gè)的
single adj. 的，單一的
★send v. 寄, 送
send a letter 寄信
send sth. to sb. /send sb. sth. 給某人送（寄）什么東西
send/take children to school：take強(qiáng)調(diào)某人親自送；send則是通過(guò)第三人去送, 如美國(guó)的校車(chē)
take flowers to his wife 自己送
send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送
★postcard n. 明信片
兩個(gè)爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。這里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音
name card /visiting card 名片
Here is my name card. (口語(yǔ)常用, 同時(shí)伴隨著遞出的動(dòng)作)
ID card 身份證 （ID 身份）
credit card 信用卡
cash card 現(xiàn)金卡, 儲(chǔ)蓄卡, 工資卡(不能透支的那種)
★spoil(spoiled，spoilt) v. 使索然無(wú)味, 損壞
① vt. 弄壞，損壞，糟蹋
The sad news spoiled our weekend. 這不幸的消息使我們沒(méi)能過(guò)好周末。
The rain spoiled the school sports. 這場(chǎng)雨把學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)弄得一團(tuán)糟。
This spoiled my day.
What you said spoiled me.
His arrival spoiled my holiday.
② vt. 寵壞，慣壞，溺愛(ài)
Don’t spoil your children. 不能太慣孩子。
His parents spoiled the boy.
spoil: 把東西的質(zhì)量變得不好; 生活中不順心的事;寵壞, 溺愛(ài)
break: 打破; break the windows 打破玻璃
damage: 破壞, 程度不一定很重
destroy : 破壞, 徹底摧毀
以上三個(gè)是指物理上的破壞, 而spoil主要指精神上的
★museum n. 博物館
Palace Museum 故宮
★public adj. 公共的
① adj. 公共的，公眾的，社會(huì)的
There is a public library in this town.
I always sit in public gardens on Sundays.
② adj. 公開(kāi)的，眾人皆知的
Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later. 他們的秘密會(huì)晤20年以后才被公開(kāi)。
public house（酒吧）簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)pub
public place 公共場(chǎng)所
in public 公開(kāi)的；in private 私下里的
Let’s have a conversation in private. 讓我們私下談?wù)?
Why not have a conversation in public? 為什么不公開(kāi)談呢?(當(dāng)面說(shuō)呢?)
③ n. 公眾，群眾，大眾
The public is/are pleased with his explanation. 公眾對(duì)他的解釋很滿意。
The museum is open to the public on Sunday.
★friendly adj. 友好的
friendly是形容詞，單獨(dú)使用時(shí)一般做定語(yǔ)；作為狀語(yǔ)表示這個(gè)人做什么事情很友好, 用短語(yǔ)in a friendly way
He is not very friendly to John.
She gave me a friendly greeting.
He always greets me in a friendly way.
以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞還有l(wèi)ovely，brotherly，fatherly，manly，motherly
★waiter n. 服務(wù)員, 招待員
waiter(男服務(wù)員), waitress(女服務(wù)員), 只出現(xiàn)在餐館里
chief waiter 領(lǐng)班
I want to see the chief waiter. 我要見(jiàn)你們的領(lǐng)班。
shop assistant 商店里的店員
attendant n. （其他公共場(chǎng)所的）服務(wù)員
★lend v. 借給
lend to（借出）：lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth.
Can you lend me $20 please? I’ll pay/give it back tomorrow.
borrow from（借進(jìn)）：borrow sth. from sb./borrow sth. （borrow不能用 borrow sb sth.）
He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasn’t given me it yet.
★decision n. 決定
make /take a decision作出決定
It was not easy for me to make/take this decision.
Are you made/taken a decision?
make a big/great decision (big：重大；great：偉大, 更重大)
decide v. 決定
★whole adj. 整個(gè)的
a whole bottle of milk 一整瓶牛奶
the whole…，the whole day 整天 ，two whole weeks 整整兩星期
all th…，all the day (the可省略) 整天
all of后面如果加代詞, 代詞前面不需要修飾詞；一旦要加名詞, 前面一定要加the
all of us；all of the students
★single adj. 的, 單一的
反義詞 : double 雙倍的
【Text】
Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
參考譯文：
明信片總攪得我假日不得安寧. 去年夏天, 我去了意大利. 我參觀了博物館, 還去了公園. 一位好客的服務(wù)員教了我?guī)拙湟獯罄Z(yǔ), 之后還借給我一本書(shū). 我讀了幾行, 但一個(gè)字也不懂. 我每天都想著明信片的事. 假期過(guò)得真快, 可我還沒(méi)有給我的朋友們寄過(guò)一張明信片. 到了后一天, 我作出了一項(xiàng)重大決定. 我早早起了床, 買(mǎi)來(lái)了37張明信片. 我在房間里關(guān)了整整一天. 然而竟連一張明信片也沒(méi)寫(xiě)成!
【課文講解】
1、Last summer, I went to Italy.
last：
① adj. 上一個(gè)
last summer里的last表示 “上一個(gè)”
② adj. 后一個(gè)，表示“后一個(gè)”時(shí)要加冠詞the
the last day 后一天 （具體到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on）
2、A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.
Italian[i5tAljEn]于Italy[5itEli] : 注意重讀音的位置不同
teach sb. sth. 教某人做某事
He teaches our English.(錯(cuò))
He teaches us English.(對(duì))
語(yǔ)言不可數(shù), 所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian
I can speak a little English/a few words of English.
a few可與復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示肯定，含有some，a small number of（一些，少數(shù)幾個(gè)）的意思。
The police would like to ask him a few questions. 警察要問(wèn)他一些問(wèn)題。
3、Everyday I thought about postcards.
think about/of 考慮, 思考，指某一段時(shí)間一直在想/考慮某事, think of還可指想到
What do you think of?
What do you think of TV program last night?
What do you think of the weather today? 你覺(jué)得天氣怎么樣?
think over 仔細(xì)考慮，反復(fù)思考
What’s the weather like today?
cold, chilly（非常非常冷）, freeze
I'll freeze.我要凍僵了
4、I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
spend與表示時(shí)間的詞或短語(yǔ)連和時(shí)，意思為“花（時(shí)間）”、“度過(guò)”
spend+時(shí)間+地點(diǎn) : 在什么地點(diǎn)我花費(fèi)/度過(guò)了多少時(shí)間
I spend three hours in the sea.
I spend my weekend at my mother's.
I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.
I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)
spend還可以表示“花錢(qián)”
If we spend all the money, we’ll be poor again.
I can’t spend any more on this car.
【Key structures】
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事件、動(dòng)作或情況。它通常指動(dòng)作何時(shí)發(fā)生，而不指動(dòng)作持續(xù)多久。
Do you ever catch a cold in the winter?
Yes, I caught a cold last winter.
【Special Difficulties】
直接賓語(yǔ)與間接賓語(yǔ)
雙賓語(yǔ)：直接賓語(yǔ)(表示動(dòng)作結(jié)果，動(dòng)作所涉及的事物)和間接賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作目標(biāo)，動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的或?yàn)檎l(shuí)做的，通常是人)。間接賓語(yǔ)大多數(shù)情況下置于直接賓語(yǔ)之前，如果間接賓語(yǔ)在后，間接賓主前必須加“to”（表示動(dòng)作對(duì)什么人做）或“for”（表示動(dòng)作為什么人而做）。
give sb. sth./give sth to sb
間接賓語(yǔ)在后面時(shí), 其前必須加to(對(duì)……而言)或for(為……而做)?？梢苑g為“給”、“替”、“為”的，就用for；如果只能翻譯為“給”的, 就用to
與to相連的give, take, pass, read, sell, buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owe
take flowers to my wife.
與for相連的 buy, order, make, find
I buy a book for you .
make a cake for you
find sth. for sb.
do sb. a favor 幫某人一個(gè)忙
Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me? 幫我一個(gè)忙
I do something for you.
Can I order something for you?
Can I buy you a bottle of beer ? 意為我請(qǐng)你喝杯酒的意思
【Multiple choice questions】
4 ___a___ him a few words of Italian? The waiter.
a. Who taught b. Who did teach c. What did he teach d. Whom did he teach
人做主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)——who 對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)——whom
who既可以對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)也可以對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn), 而whom只能對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)
如果對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn), 則句子的語(yǔ)序和陳述句語(yǔ)序一樣；如果對(duì)非主語(yǔ)來(lái)提問(wèn), 則句子要使用特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序
Who/Whom did the waiter teach a few words of Italian?
5 He was a friendly waiter. He spoke to the writer ___d___ .
a. friend b. as friends c. like friends d. in a friendly way
He spoke to the writer like a friend.
in...way :以...方式
作為狀語(yǔ)表示這個(gè)人做什么事情很友好, 用短語(yǔ)in a friendly way
7 He spent the whole day in his room. He was in his room ___c___ day.
a. the hole b. the all c. all d. all of
all (the) day
all of 后面如果加代詞, 代詞前面不需要修飾詞all of us；一旦要加名詞, 前面一定要加the
all of the friends all of my friends all of the students
10 On the last day he made a big decision. It was the ___a___ day of his holiday.
a. final b. end c. latest d. bottom
final——形容詞 end——名詞/動(dòng)詞 latest——形容詞 bottom——名詞
latest adj. 新的
latest news；latest style 新款
11 He made a big decision. He ___b___ .
a. thought about it b. made up his mind c. changed his mind d. made a wish
think about:考慮、思考、想 make up one's mind:下定決心
change one's mind:改變主意 make a wish : 許個(gè)心愿, 愿望, 許愿