Lesson 31 Success story
【New words and expressions】（8）
retire v. 退休
company n. 公司
bicycle n. 自行車
save v. 積蓄
workshop n. 車間
helper n. 幫手，助手
employ v. 雇傭
grandson n. 孫子
★retire v. 退休
retire =stop working =stop doing this
He is getting old, He is going to retire. 他越來(lái)越老, 他打算退休了
I'm going to retire next year. 我明年會(huì)退出影壇或歌壇
I'm so tired that I'm going to retire now. (retire = go to bed)
★company n. 公司
firm n. 商行
corporation n. 責(zé)任公司
limited corporation 有限責(zé)任公司（縮略形式：Ltd.Co）
business n. 生意，公司
He works in my business. 他在我的公司工作
★save vt. 積蓄
① vt. 挽救，救助，拯救
save one's life
The doctor saved the child’s life.
They saved the child from the fire.
save one's face 挽會(huì)面子
② vt. 積蓄，儲(chǔ)蓄
He used to save letters.
save money 存錢
He saved (money) for years to buy a car.
西方人不喜歡提錢, 所以用 save up 表示存錢
I have saved up for many years. 我已經(jīng)存了好幾年的錢
Save it for a rainy day. 未雨綢繆, 為將來(lái)需要而做好準(zhǔn)備
★workshop n. 車間
workshop n. 車間（工作并且可以拿出來(lái)賣）
workhouse n. 感化院（強(qiáng)迫勞動(dòng)的地方）
★helper n. 幫手, 助手
assistant n. 助理
★employ v. 雇傭
employee n. 雇員 ；employer n. 雇主
trainer n. 教練 ；trainee n. 接受訓(xùn)練的人
【Text】
Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repair their grandson's bicycle!
參考譯文
昨天下午弗蘭克.霍金斯向我講述了他年輕時(shí)的經(jīng)歷. 在退休前, 弗蘭克是一家非常大的商業(yè)公司的經(jīng)理, 但他小時(shí)候卻在一家小鋪里做工. 他那時(shí)的工作是修理自行車, 并且通常是一天工作14個(gè)小時(shí). 他靠多年積蓄, 于1958年買下了自己的一個(gè)小鋪?zhàn)? 20多歲的時(shí)候, 弗蘭克曾生產(chǎn)飛機(jī)零配件. 那時(shí)他有兩個(gè)幫手. 幾年之后, 小鋪?zhàn)右呀?jīng)發(fā)展成了一個(gè)雇有728人的大工廠. 弗蘭克回想著他早年的艱難經(jīng)歷和走過(guò)的漫長(zhǎng)的成功之路, 微笑了. 他正笑著的時(shí)候門開(kāi)了, 他的妻子走了進(jìn)來(lái). 她叫他去修理孫子的自行車.
【課文講解】
1、Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop.
head是“首領(lǐng)、頭目”的意思，“the head of+名詞”的意思是“……的老板，頭”
John is the head of the family. 一家之主
Frank is the head of the firm. 弗蘭克是那家公司的總裁。
used to do sth. 過(guò)去常常, 但是現(xiàn)在不做
My teacher used to live there. 我的老師過(guò)去住在那(現(xiàn)在不住了)
He lived there. 他過(guò)去住在那(不知道現(xiàn)在是否住在那)
work…as… 作為……工作
He used to work as a teacher.
as a boy = as he was a boy （as的意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”）
as a young man 當(dāng)他年輕的時(shí)候
2、It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day.
at that time =just then =at that moment 那時(shí)
3、He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own.
of one's own 自己的，屬于自己的（own為代詞）
Do you have a house of your own?
my own book (own 起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用, 自己的)
用of one's own 或 one's own 由被修飾詞的位置決定, 如果被修飾名詞在前邊, 用of one's own, 如果被修飾名詞在后邊, 用one's own
4、In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes.
in one's -ies 在某人幾十歲的時(shí)候
in one's twenties/thirties/forties/fifties/nineties，十的倍數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式可用于表達(dá)近似的、非確定的數(shù)量，與所有格形容詞連用時(shí)表示大約的年齡。
in my fifties 在我五十多歲的時(shí)候
In his fifties, he learned the second language.
in the 1980s 在二十世紀(jì)八十年代
I worked /began the job in the 1990s.
5、In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people.
has become 成長(zhǎng)為……
in a few years 在一些年之后
…factory which employed… 工廠雇傭……（除了人可以雇傭外，工廠、公司也可以這樣表達(dá))
6、Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success.
one’s hard early years =early in one’s life 某人的早年艱辛（生活）
the long road to success 通往成功的長(zhǎng)路
There is a long way to go. 還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。
remember v. 記得, 回憶起
memory n. 記憶 ；memorize v. 記住
【Key structures】
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，和一般過(guò)去時(shí)經(jīng)常在一個(gè)句子里使用。與一般過(guò)去時(shí)相比，它更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，一般過(guò)去時(shí)則表示比較短暫的動(dòng)作或事件。在敘述故事時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)往往用來(lái)表示背景。
When I was watering the garden, it began to rain.
As I was getting on the bus, I slipped and hurt my foot.
used to do
used to do表示過(guò)去有過(guò)但現(xiàn)在已不存在的習(xí)慣，以便將過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在形成對(duì)照。它后面經(jīng)常用由but now…，but not…any more/any longer等構(gòu)成的、用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子以強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的不同之處。
I used to smoke, but I don’t any more/longer.
He used to be a postman a long time ago. He's a taxi driver now.
很久以前他曾是個(gè)郵遞員, 現(xiàn)在他是個(gè)出租車司機(jī).
I have given up smoking. I used to smoke very heavily.
我已經(jīng)戒煙了, 過(guò)去我吸煙很厲害.
I used to collect stamps when I was a boy.
當(dāng)我還是個(gè)小男孩時(shí), 我常搜集郵票.
used to僅用于一般過(guò)去。它的疑問(wèn)句和否定句形式可以不用助動(dòng)詞do而用used本身。
Used he to smoke?
He usedn’t /used not to smoke.
但比較常用的形式是did和didn’t
Did he use to smoke?
He didn’t use to smoke.
在針對(duì)used to提問(wèn)時(shí)，一般也用did：
I used to be a good swimmer.
Did you really? I didn’t even know you could swim.
【Special Difficulties】
Experience
① n. 經(jīng)歷(可數(shù)名詞)
He told me about his experiences as a young man.
② n. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)(不可數(shù)名詞)
They want someone with a lot of experience for this job.
Does she have any experience in teaching?
③ vt. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)，體驗(yàn)
The village has experienced great changes since 1980.
experienced adj. 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的
John is an experienced driver.
Save
① vt.& vi. 救助，搭救，拯救
save one's life 挽救某人的生命
The doctor saved the child’s life.
save one's face 挽回面子
② vt.& vi. 儲(chǔ)蓄，積攢
save money 存錢（多余的錢）
He saved (money) for years to buy a car.
save it for a rainy day 未雨綢繆
economize [i(:)5kCnEmaiz] v.經(jīng)濟(jì)，節(jié)?。懿挥玫木筒挥?，節(jié)衣縮食）
Work and Job
work和job都翻譯為“工作”，job為可數(shù)名詞，一般與“職業(yè)、職位”有關(guān)，或表示某人的“份內(nèi)事”；work作“工作”講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，常指具體的“勞動(dòng)、作業(yè)”或“（待做的）工作或事務(wù)”等，也可能表示“上班”。
John is looking for a new job.
I’m looking for work as a driver.
I am looking for a new job.
It was his job to repair bicycles.
【Composition】
Frank (not only) (neither) (repaired) (made)his grandson's bicycle, (but)(also)went for a ride on it(as well)(both). He (said)(told)me later:‘I(make)(do)aeroplanes, (and) (but) I prefer bicycles.’
not only / repaired / but /as well / told /make/ but
go for a ride/go for a walk 騎車出去/出去散步
ride a car/bicycle/horse
go for a ride on sth (對(duì)自行車只能用 “on” ) 出去騎車
prefer [pri5fE:] vt.更喜歡, 寧愿
【Multiple choice questions】
1 When he was a young man, Frank __d__.
a. owned a small shop b. made spare parts for aeroplanes
c. made spare parts for bicycles d. worked hard and saved his money
(a)(b)選項(xiàng)是作為 “he was a young man” 中的一個(gè)部分
3 Frank used to work in a small shop. He ___a___.
a. doesn't anymore b. still does
c. is now d. has never done anything else
not anymore 不再
I will not make the mistake anymore.
4 He used to work fourteen hours a day. He did this ___c___ day.
a. one b. some c. each d. a
every day / each day 每天
one day 有一天 ； some day 某一天 ； a 作為計(jì)量單位的一部分
I will beat you some day. 總有一天我會(huì)打敗你
8 Frank is the ___a___ of a business company.
a. director b. headmaster c. superior d. leader
leader n. 起帶頭作用的人
headmaster [hed5mB:stE(r)] n. 校長(zhǎng)
director n. 管理公司或單位整個(gè)事務(wù)的人
Frank is a director of a business company.
superior n. 監(jiān)理
12 He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife ___c___.
a. went in b. entered in c. entered d. entered into
into 后面一定要加地點(diǎn)
enter 既是及物動(dòng)詞, 也是不及物動(dòng)詞
enter＝go in/come in
go in 與 come in 都可以用enter代替, 但go in(離說(shuō)話人越來(lái)越遠(yuǎn)) 與 come in(離說(shuō)話人越來(lái)越近) 方向不一樣,文中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是 “進(jìn)去” 而非 “進(jìn)來(lái)”
【New words and expressions】（8）
retire v. 退休
company n. 公司
bicycle n. 自行車
save v. 積蓄
workshop n. 車間
helper n. 幫手，助手
employ v. 雇傭
grandson n. 孫子
★retire v. 退休
retire =stop working =stop doing this
He is getting old, He is going to retire. 他越來(lái)越老, 他打算退休了
I'm going to retire next year. 我明年會(huì)退出影壇或歌壇
I'm so tired that I'm going to retire now. (retire = go to bed)
★company n. 公司
firm n. 商行
corporation n. 責(zé)任公司
limited corporation 有限責(zé)任公司（縮略形式：Ltd.Co）
business n. 生意，公司
He works in my business. 他在我的公司工作
★save vt. 積蓄
① vt. 挽救，救助，拯救
save one's life
The doctor saved the child’s life.
They saved the child from the fire.
save one's face 挽會(huì)面子
② vt. 積蓄，儲(chǔ)蓄
He used to save letters.
save money 存錢
He saved (money) for years to buy a car.
西方人不喜歡提錢, 所以用 save up 表示存錢
I have saved up for many years. 我已經(jīng)存了好幾年的錢
Save it for a rainy day. 未雨綢繆, 為將來(lái)需要而做好準(zhǔn)備
★workshop n. 車間
workshop n. 車間（工作并且可以拿出來(lái)賣）
workhouse n. 感化院（強(qiáng)迫勞動(dòng)的地方）
★helper n. 幫手, 助手
assistant n. 助理
★employ v. 雇傭
employee n. 雇員 ；employer n. 雇主
trainer n. 教練 ；trainee n. 接受訓(xùn)練的人
【Text】
Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repair their grandson's bicycle!
參考譯文
昨天下午弗蘭克.霍金斯向我講述了他年輕時(shí)的經(jīng)歷. 在退休前, 弗蘭克是一家非常大的商業(yè)公司的經(jīng)理, 但他小時(shí)候卻在一家小鋪里做工. 他那時(shí)的工作是修理自行車, 并且通常是一天工作14個(gè)小時(shí). 他靠多年積蓄, 于1958年買下了自己的一個(gè)小鋪?zhàn)? 20多歲的時(shí)候, 弗蘭克曾生產(chǎn)飛機(jī)零配件. 那時(shí)他有兩個(gè)幫手. 幾年之后, 小鋪?zhàn)右呀?jīng)發(fā)展成了一個(gè)雇有728人的大工廠. 弗蘭克回想著他早年的艱難經(jīng)歷和走過(guò)的漫長(zhǎng)的成功之路, 微笑了. 他正笑著的時(shí)候門開(kāi)了, 他的妻子走了進(jìn)來(lái). 她叫他去修理孫子的自行車.
【課文講解】
1、Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop.
head是“首領(lǐng)、頭目”的意思，“the head of+名詞”的意思是“……的老板，頭”
John is the head of the family. 一家之主
Frank is the head of the firm. 弗蘭克是那家公司的總裁。
used to do sth. 過(guò)去常常, 但是現(xiàn)在不做
My teacher used to live there. 我的老師過(guò)去住在那(現(xiàn)在不住了)
He lived there. 他過(guò)去住在那(不知道現(xiàn)在是否住在那)
work…as… 作為……工作
He used to work as a teacher.
as a boy = as he was a boy （as的意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”）
as a young man 當(dāng)他年輕的時(shí)候
2、It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day.
at that time =just then =at that moment 那時(shí)
3、He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own.
of one's own 自己的，屬于自己的（own為代詞）
Do you have a house of your own?
my own book (own 起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用, 自己的)
用of one's own 或 one's own 由被修飾詞的位置決定, 如果被修飾名詞在前邊, 用of one's own, 如果被修飾名詞在后邊, 用one's own
4、In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes.
in one's -ies 在某人幾十歲的時(shí)候
in one's twenties/thirties/forties/fifties/nineties，十的倍數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式可用于表達(dá)近似的、非確定的數(shù)量，與所有格形容詞連用時(shí)表示大約的年齡。
in my fifties 在我五十多歲的時(shí)候
In his fifties, he learned the second language.
in the 1980s 在二十世紀(jì)八十年代
I worked /began the job in the 1990s.
5、In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people.
has become 成長(zhǎng)為……
in a few years 在一些年之后
…factory which employed… 工廠雇傭……（除了人可以雇傭外，工廠、公司也可以這樣表達(dá))
6、Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success.
one’s hard early years =early in one’s life 某人的早年艱辛（生活）
the long road to success 通往成功的長(zhǎng)路
There is a long way to go. 還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。
remember v. 記得, 回憶起
memory n. 記憶 ；memorize v. 記住
【Key structures】
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，和一般過(guò)去時(shí)經(jīng)常在一個(gè)句子里使用。與一般過(guò)去時(shí)相比，它更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，一般過(guò)去時(shí)則表示比較短暫的動(dòng)作或事件。在敘述故事時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)往往用來(lái)表示背景。
When I was watering the garden, it began to rain.
As I was getting on the bus, I slipped and hurt my foot.
used to do
used to do表示過(guò)去有過(guò)但現(xiàn)在已不存在的習(xí)慣，以便將過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在形成對(duì)照。它后面經(jīng)常用由but now…，but not…any more/any longer等構(gòu)成的、用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子以強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的不同之處。
I used to smoke, but I don’t any more/longer.
He used to be a postman a long time ago. He's a taxi driver now.
很久以前他曾是個(gè)郵遞員, 現(xiàn)在他是個(gè)出租車司機(jī).
I have given up smoking. I used to smoke very heavily.
我已經(jīng)戒煙了, 過(guò)去我吸煙很厲害.
I used to collect stamps when I was a boy.
當(dāng)我還是個(gè)小男孩時(shí), 我常搜集郵票.
used to僅用于一般過(guò)去。它的疑問(wèn)句和否定句形式可以不用助動(dòng)詞do而用used本身。
Used he to smoke?
He usedn’t /used not to smoke.
但比較常用的形式是did和didn’t
Did he use to smoke?
He didn’t use to smoke.
在針對(duì)used to提問(wèn)時(shí)，一般也用did：
I used to be a good swimmer.
Did you really? I didn’t even know you could swim.
【Special Difficulties】
Experience
① n. 經(jīng)歷(可數(shù)名詞)
He told me about his experiences as a young man.
② n. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)(不可數(shù)名詞)
They want someone with a lot of experience for this job.
Does she have any experience in teaching?
③ vt. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)，體驗(yàn)
The village has experienced great changes since 1980.
experienced adj. 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的
John is an experienced driver.
Save
① vt.& vi. 救助，搭救，拯救
save one's life 挽救某人的生命
The doctor saved the child’s life.
save one's face 挽回面子
② vt.& vi. 儲(chǔ)蓄，積攢
save money 存錢（多余的錢）
He saved (money) for years to buy a car.
save it for a rainy day 未雨綢繆
economize [i(:)5kCnEmaiz] v.經(jīng)濟(jì)，節(jié)?。懿挥玫木筒挥?，節(jié)衣縮食）
Work and Job
work和job都翻譯為“工作”，job為可數(shù)名詞，一般與“職業(yè)、職位”有關(guān)，或表示某人的“份內(nèi)事”；work作“工作”講時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，常指具體的“勞動(dòng)、作業(yè)”或“（待做的）工作或事務(wù)”等，也可能表示“上班”。
John is looking for a new job.
I’m looking for work as a driver.
I am looking for a new job.
It was his job to repair bicycles.
【Composition】
Frank (not only) (neither) (repaired) (made)his grandson's bicycle, (but)(also)went for a ride on it(as well)(both). He (said)(told)me later:‘I(make)(do)aeroplanes, (and) (but) I prefer bicycles.’
not only / repaired / but /as well / told /make/ but
go for a ride/go for a walk 騎車出去/出去散步
ride a car/bicycle/horse
go for a ride on sth (對(duì)自行車只能用 “on” ) 出去騎車
prefer [pri5fE:] vt.更喜歡, 寧愿
【Multiple choice questions】
1 When he was a young man, Frank __d__.
a. owned a small shop b. made spare parts for aeroplanes
c. made spare parts for bicycles d. worked hard and saved his money
(a)(b)選項(xiàng)是作為 “he was a young man” 中的一個(gè)部分
3 Frank used to work in a small shop. He ___a___.
a. doesn't anymore b. still does
c. is now d. has never done anything else
not anymore 不再
I will not make the mistake anymore.
4 He used to work fourteen hours a day. He did this ___c___ day.
a. one b. some c. each d. a
every day / each day 每天
one day 有一天 ； some day 某一天 ； a 作為計(jì)量單位的一部分
I will beat you some day. 總有一天我會(huì)打敗你
8 Frank is the ___a___ of a business company.
a. director b. headmaster c. superior d. leader
leader n. 起帶頭作用的人
headmaster [hed5mB:stE(r)] n. 校長(zhǎng)
director n. 管理公司或單位整個(gè)事務(wù)的人
Frank is a director of a business company.
superior n. 監(jiān)理
12 He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife ___c___.
a. went in b. entered in c. entered d. entered into
into 后面一定要加地點(diǎn)
enter 既是及物動(dòng)詞, 也是不及物動(dòng)詞
enter＝go in/come in
go in 與 come in 都可以用enter代替, 但go in(離說(shuō)話人越來(lái)越遠(yuǎn)) 與 come in(離說(shuō)話人越來(lái)越近) 方向不一樣,文中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是 “進(jìn)去” 而非 “進(jìn)來(lái)”