Lesson 51 Reward for Virtue
【New words and expressions】（10）
reward n. 報(bào)償
virtue n. 美德
diet n. 節(jié)食
forbid v. 禁止
hurriedly adv. 匆忙地
embarrass v. 使尷尬
guiltily adv. 內(nèi)疚地
strict adj. 嚴(yán)格的
reward v. 給獎(jiǎng)賞
occasionally adv. 偶爾地
★reward n. 報(bào)償；v. 給獎(jiǎng)賞
give sb. reward 給……報(bào)償
reward sb. with sth. 用……獎(jiǎng)賞.. . reward sb. for sth. 因?yàn)椤o某人獎(jiǎng)賞
…reward him for the first prize
★virtue n. 美德
strongpoints n. 長(zhǎng)處， merit n. 優(yōu)點(diǎn)
shortpoints n. 短處， weak points 弱點(diǎn)
★diet n. 節(jié)食
go on a diet =be on a diet 實(shí)行節(jié)食
★forbid [fE5bid]（forbade[fE`bAd, -`beId]，forbidden[fE5bidn]） v.禁止
forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事
Forbidden City 紫禁城 (被禁止的城市) ；Forbidden fruit 禁果
★embarrass v. 使尷尬
sth. embarrass sb. ……讓……感到尷尬
You embarrassed me. 你讓我感到尷尬
embarrassing adj. 令人尷尬地；embarrassed adj. 感到尷尬
embarrassment n. 尷尬
To my embarrassment，… 讓我感到尷尬的是……
★guiltily adv. 內(nèi)疚地
guiltily conscience 問(wèn)心有愧
clear conscience 問(wèn)心無(wú)愧
★strict adj. 嚴(yán)格的
be strict with sb. 對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格
My father is strict with me.
be strict in sth. 對(duì)……嚴(yán)格
★occasionally adv. 偶而地
on the occasion 偶爾， sometimes 偶爾 ，at times 偶爾
off and on 偶爾 ， now and again 偶爾
【Text】
My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets! 參考譯文
我的朋友休一直很胖, 但是近來(lái)情況變得越發(fā)糟糕, 以致他決定節(jié)食. 他是一星期前開(kāi)始節(jié)食的. 首先, 他開(kāi)列了一張長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的單子, 上面列了所有禁吃的食物. 這張單子上的大多數(shù)食物都是休喜歡吃的 : 黃油、土豆、米飯、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果. 昨天我去看望了他. 我按響了門鈴. 當(dāng)看到休仍和往常一樣胖時(shí), 我并不感到驚奇. 他把我領(lǐng)進(jìn)屋, 慌忙把一個(gè)大包藏到了桌子下面. 顯然他感到很尷尬. 當(dāng)我問(wèn)他正干什么時(shí), 他內(nèi)疚地笑了, 然后把那個(gè)大包拿到了桌上. 他解釋說(shuō), 他的飲食控制得太嚴(yán)格了, 以致不得不偶爾獎(jiǎng)賞自己一下. 接著他給我看了包里的東西. 里面裝了5大塊巧克力和3袋糖果!
【課文講解】
1、My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.
things（要用復(fù)數(shù)形式）可以表示“情況，情形，狀況，形勢(shì)”等含義：
You’re surely made things worse.
How are things going on with you?
get作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以表示“變得”：
I got interested in French.
diet用于表示治療某種疾病或調(diào)節(jié)體重的“特種飲食”、“規(guī)定飲食”時(shí)通常與on連用：
The doctor put him on a strict diet. 醫(yī)生讓他嚴(yán)格控制飲食。
I once went on a diet for a week and then I gave up.
2、First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.
first of all 首先, 首要 (許多事情中首要的, 即重要的)
First of all I must see your passpart.
at first 首先（句型at first…, then… 起先……然后……)
write out 寫出，（正式）寫，全部寫出
You should werite out a report.
3、The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets.
most of… 大部分……
includ和contain都有“包含”的意思，但contain可以用于表示所包含的全部事物；include則只表示其中的一部分。contain一定是容器里面裝，include則含義更廣，在這里不能用contain。
It included three bags of sweets.
Does the bill include a tip?
We’re including you in our team.
4、Yesterday I paid him a visit.
pay sb. a visit 拜訪某人
Pay you a visit.
pay a visit to sb./someplace 拜訪某人/某地.
call up sb./at someplace 拜訪某人/某地
have a visit＝visit
5、I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.
as…as ever 像往常一樣，照舊，依然
as clean as ever；as quiet as ever
be surprised to do sth. / be surprised at sth.
6、He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk.
lead sb. into(進(jìn)門)； show sb. out(出門)； see sb. off(送行)
7、It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.
obviously ＝ it was obvious that…(it 為形式主語(yǔ)) 顯然……
【Letter writing】
如果給一個(gè)不很熟悉的人寫信, 應(yīng)按如下方式開(kāi)頭：親愛(ài)的布朗先生，親愛(ài)的史密斯夫人。在姓名之后總要加上一個(gè)逗號(hào)。對(duì)對(duì)方熟悉, 但是為了表示一種尊重, 也可這么寫。
寫信開(kāi)頭：你的姐姐(Dear +姐姐的名字), 你的朋友比爾(Dear Bill), 你的老板(Dear Mr./Mrs. +某人), 你的老校長(zhǎng)(Dear Mr./Mrs. +姓)。
在不知道對(duì)方性別姓名時(shí) : 如應(yīng)聘信開(kāi)頭 Dear Sir/Madam,
【Key structures】
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
與一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用的兩個(gè)詞是once和recently，recently在表示“近一段時(shí)期”時(shí)也可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。
一般過(guò)去時(shí)可以用于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，一般過(guò)去時(shí)可以用于與近的打算比較時(shí)。
【Special difficulties】
Raise and Rise.
rais作動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能作及物動(dòng)詞，即它必須跟賓語(yǔ)。它可以表示“舉起，往上提，使……升高”等含義：
Will those who agree with me please raise their hands?
Why did they raise prices?
Heavy rains have raised the level of the river this year.
rise作動(dòng)詞時(shí)通常為不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“起立，起床，（日、月等）升起”等含義：
You’re still in bed and the sun has already risen!
All the students rose when the teacher came into the classroom.
Lay and Lie.
lay（laid，laid） vt. 置，擱，鋪，準(zhǔn)備
I laid your clothes on the bed so you could put them away.
If you can’t cook the dinner, you can at least lay the table.
lie（lay，lain） vi. 躺，平臥
Are you going to spend the whole morning lying in bed?
Beat and Win.
beat vt. 打敗，戰(zhàn)勝，勝過(guò)，超過(guò)
They beat their enemy, though they were fewer in number.
I beat you. 我打敗了你。
表示一個(gè)球隊(duì)打敗另一個(gè)球隊(duì)也用beat。
win vt. 在……獲勝（成功），贏得，獲得，奪得
Who won the race/ the war?
beat后面接對(duì)手，win不能接對(duì)手。
【Multiple choice questions】
4 How long ago ___d___his diet?
a.will he begin b.has he begun c. was he beginning d. did he begin
注意因?yàn)橛衋go的詞, 一定不用完成時(shí), 用一般過(guò)去時(shí)
11 He was very embarrassed. He felt ___d___.
a.shy b.shameful c.hot d.uncomfortable
注意以下三類詞：
① 感官動(dòng)詞feel, smell(聞起來(lái) : The food smeel well.), sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái) : The idea sound good.)
② 變得get , become
③ lie
feel+adj
shy [Fai] adj. 害羞的(習(xí)慣性的, 在某一種情況下就會(huì)作出的反應(yīng))
shame [Feim] n. 羞愧
shameful adj. 令人羞愧的
It’s shameful. (注意它沒(méi)有 “-ing” 形式)
ashamed [E5Feimd] adj. 感到羞愧的
I am ashamed.
hot adj. 熱的, 惱火的
uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的, 不放松的 （comfortable 一種自在, 輕松, 放松）
ill adj. 生病
I feel ill.
terrible adj. 糟透了, 不舒服
【New words and expressions】（10）
reward n. 報(bào)償
virtue n. 美德
diet n. 節(jié)食
forbid v. 禁止
hurriedly adv. 匆忙地
embarrass v. 使尷尬
guiltily adv. 內(nèi)疚地
strict adj. 嚴(yán)格的
reward v. 給獎(jiǎng)賞
occasionally adv. 偶爾地
★reward n. 報(bào)償；v. 給獎(jiǎng)賞
give sb. reward 給……報(bào)償
reward sb. with sth. 用……獎(jiǎng)賞.. . reward sb. for sth. 因?yàn)椤o某人獎(jiǎng)賞
…reward him for the first prize
★virtue n. 美德
strongpoints n. 長(zhǎng)處， merit n. 優(yōu)點(diǎn)
shortpoints n. 短處， weak points 弱點(diǎn)
★diet n. 節(jié)食
go on a diet =be on a diet 實(shí)行節(jié)食
★forbid [fE5bid]（forbade[fE`bAd, -`beId]，forbidden[fE5bidn]） v.禁止
forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事
Forbidden City 紫禁城 (被禁止的城市) ；Forbidden fruit 禁果
★embarrass v. 使尷尬
sth. embarrass sb. ……讓……感到尷尬
You embarrassed me. 你讓我感到尷尬
embarrassing adj. 令人尷尬地；embarrassed adj. 感到尷尬
embarrassment n. 尷尬
To my embarrassment，… 讓我感到尷尬的是……
★guiltily adv. 內(nèi)疚地
guiltily conscience 問(wèn)心有愧
clear conscience 問(wèn)心無(wú)愧
★strict adj. 嚴(yán)格的
be strict with sb. 對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格
My father is strict with me.
be strict in sth. 對(duì)……嚴(yán)格
★occasionally adv. 偶而地
on the occasion 偶爾， sometimes 偶爾 ，at times 偶爾
off and on 偶爾 ， now and again 偶爾
【Text】
My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets! 參考譯文
我的朋友休一直很胖, 但是近來(lái)情況變得越發(fā)糟糕, 以致他決定節(jié)食. 他是一星期前開(kāi)始節(jié)食的. 首先, 他開(kāi)列了一張長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的單子, 上面列了所有禁吃的食物. 這張單子上的大多數(shù)食物都是休喜歡吃的 : 黃油、土豆、米飯、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果. 昨天我去看望了他. 我按響了門鈴. 當(dāng)看到休仍和往常一樣胖時(shí), 我并不感到驚奇. 他把我領(lǐng)進(jìn)屋, 慌忙把一個(gè)大包藏到了桌子下面. 顯然他感到很尷尬. 當(dāng)我問(wèn)他正干什么時(shí), 他內(nèi)疚地笑了, 然后把那個(gè)大包拿到了桌上. 他解釋說(shuō), 他的飲食控制得太嚴(yán)格了, 以致不得不偶爾獎(jiǎng)賞自己一下. 接著他給我看了包里的東西. 里面裝了5大塊巧克力和3袋糖果!
【課文講解】
1、My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.
things（要用復(fù)數(shù)形式）可以表示“情況，情形，狀況，形勢(shì)”等含義：
You’re surely made things worse.
How are things going on with you?
get作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以表示“變得”：
I got interested in French.
diet用于表示治療某種疾病或調(diào)節(jié)體重的“特種飲食”、“規(guī)定飲食”時(shí)通常與on連用：
The doctor put him on a strict diet. 醫(yī)生讓他嚴(yán)格控制飲食。
I once went on a diet for a week and then I gave up.
2、First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.
first of all 首先, 首要 (許多事情中首要的, 即重要的)
First of all I must see your passpart.
at first 首先（句型at first…, then… 起先……然后……)
write out 寫出，（正式）寫，全部寫出
You should werite out a report.
3、The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate; and sweets.
most of… 大部分……
includ和contain都有“包含”的意思，但contain可以用于表示所包含的全部事物；include則只表示其中的一部分。contain一定是容器里面裝，include則含義更廣，在這里不能用contain。
It included three bags of sweets.
Does the bill include a tip?
We’re including you in our team.
4、Yesterday I paid him a visit.
pay sb. a visit 拜訪某人
Pay you a visit.
pay a visit to sb./someplace 拜訪某人/某地.
call up sb./at someplace 拜訪某人/某地
have a visit＝visit
5、I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.
as…as ever 像往常一樣，照舊，依然
as clean as ever；as quiet as ever
be surprised to do sth. / be surprised at sth.
6、He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk.
lead sb. into(進(jìn)門)； show sb. out(出門)； see sb. off(送行)
7、It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.
obviously ＝ it was obvious that…(it 為形式主語(yǔ)) 顯然……
【Letter writing】
如果給一個(gè)不很熟悉的人寫信, 應(yīng)按如下方式開(kāi)頭：親愛(ài)的布朗先生，親愛(ài)的史密斯夫人。在姓名之后總要加上一個(gè)逗號(hào)。對(duì)對(duì)方熟悉, 但是為了表示一種尊重, 也可這么寫。
寫信開(kāi)頭：你的姐姐(Dear +姐姐的名字), 你的朋友比爾(Dear Bill), 你的老板(Dear Mr./Mrs. +某人), 你的老校長(zhǎng)(Dear Mr./Mrs. +姓)。
在不知道對(duì)方性別姓名時(shí) : 如應(yīng)聘信開(kāi)頭 Dear Sir/Madam,
【Key structures】
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
與一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用的兩個(gè)詞是once和recently，recently在表示“近一段時(shí)期”時(shí)也可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。
一般過(guò)去時(shí)可以用于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，一般過(guò)去時(shí)可以用于與近的打算比較時(shí)。
【Special difficulties】
Raise and Rise.
rais作動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能作及物動(dòng)詞，即它必須跟賓語(yǔ)。它可以表示“舉起，往上提，使……升高”等含義：
Will those who agree with me please raise their hands?
Why did they raise prices?
Heavy rains have raised the level of the river this year.
rise作動(dòng)詞時(shí)通常為不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“起立，起床，（日、月等）升起”等含義：
You’re still in bed and the sun has already risen!
All the students rose when the teacher came into the classroom.
Lay and Lie.
lay（laid，laid） vt. 置，擱，鋪，準(zhǔn)備
I laid your clothes on the bed so you could put them away.
If you can’t cook the dinner, you can at least lay the table.
lie（lay，lain） vi. 躺，平臥
Are you going to spend the whole morning lying in bed?
Beat and Win.
beat vt. 打敗，戰(zhàn)勝，勝過(guò)，超過(guò)
They beat their enemy, though they were fewer in number.
I beat you. 我打敗了你。
表示一個(gè)球隊(duì)打敗另一個(gè)球隊(duì)也用beat。
win vt. 在……獲勝（成功），贏得，獲得，奪得
Who won the race/ the war?
beat后面接對(duì)手，win不能接對(duì)手。
【Multiple choice questions】
4 How long ago ___d___his diet?
a.will he begin b.has he begun c. was he beginning d. did he begin
注意因?yàn)橛衋go的詞, 一定不用完成時(shí), 用一般過(guò)去時(shí)
11 He was very embarrassed. He felt ___d___.
a.shy b.shameful c.hot d.uncomfortable
注意以下三類詞：
① 感官動(dòng)詞feel, smell(聞起來(lái) : The food smeel well.), sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái) : The idea sound good.)
② 變得get , become
③ lie
feel+adj
shy [Fai] adj. 害羞的(習(xí)慣性的, 在某一種情況下就會(huì)作出的反應(yīng))
shame [Feim] n. 羞愧
shameful adj. 令人羞愧的
It’s shameful. (注意它沒(méi)有 “-ing” 形式)
ashamed [E5Feimd] adj. 感到羞愧的
I am ashamed.
hot adj. 熱的, 惱火的
uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的, 不放松的 （comfortable 一種自在, 輕松, 放松）
ill adj. 生病
I feel ill.
terrible adj. 糟透了, 不舒服