Lesson 52 A pretty carpet
【New words and expressions】（4）
temporarily adv. 暫時(shí)地
inch n. 英寸（度量單位）
space n. 空間
actually adv. 實(shí)際上
★inch [IntF] n. 英寸(度量單位)
foot 英尺(pl. feet ); mile 英里
★space [speis] n. 空間
注意讀音濁化, 六個(gè)爆破音中有三個(gè)清輔音 [p t k] 在 [s] 后面是要濁化為對(duì)應(yīng)的三個(gè)濁輔音 [b d ^] 又如 school [sku:l]
★actually [5AktFuElI] adv. 實(shí)際上
＝in fact
【Text】
We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning. I have been trying to get my new room in order. This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books. To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor. At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room. A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor. 'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said. She gazed at it for some time then added, 'You don't need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!'
參考譯文
我們剛剛搬進(jìn)一所新房子, 我辛辛苦苦地干了整整一個(gè)上午. 我試圖把我的新房間收拾整齊, 但這并不容易, 因?yàn)槲矣?,000多本書(shū). 更糟糕的是房間還非常小, 所以我暫時(shí)把書(shū)放在了地板上. 這會(huì)兒, 書(shū)把地板的每一點(diǎn)空隙都占據(jù)了, 我實(shí)際上是踩著這些書(shū)進(jìn)出房間的. 幾分鐘前, 我妹妹幫我把一個(gè)舊書(shū)櫥抬上了樓. 她走進(jìn)我的房間, 當(dāng)她看到地板上的那些書(shū)時(shí), 大吃一驚. “這是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的漂亮的地毯,” 她說(shuō). 她盯著 “地毯” 看了一會(huì)兒, 又說(shuō) : “你根本用不著書(shū)櫥, 空閑時(shí)你可以坐在這兒讀地毯!”
【課文講解】
1、We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning.
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行，而且動(dòng)作有現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示在漫長(zhǎng)地時(shí)間段，過(guò)去發(fā)生的, 還一定要對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響；在過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 動(dòng)詞一定是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
It has rained for half day.
It has been raining.
2、I have been trying to get my new room in order.
get sth. in order 使……有秩序，把……整理好(get 使役動(dòng)詞)
in order 整齊，井然有序，有秩序, 有次序
Get/Put everything in order before you leave the room.
3、This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books.
★own
① vt. 擁有
I own over a thousand books.
② vt. &vi. 承認(rèn)
He owned to stealing the wallet.
He owned (that) he had made a mistake.
③ adj. 自己的
He has a car of his own.
He lives in his own house.
4、To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor.
to make matters worse 更糟糕的是……，插入語(yǔ)
I lost my way in the forest, and to make matters worse, it became dark.
rather adj. 相當(dāng)?shù)?BR> 5、At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room.
at the moment ＝ now 現(xiàn)在，此刻，目前
every inch 每一英寸(夸張)
Gold covered every inch of the ground in America.
It is worth every penny of it.
6、A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs.
help sb. (to) do sth. 幫某人做某事(to 可省略)
help sb. with sth. 幫某人做某事
He help me to learn English.
He help me with my English.
with one’s help 在某人的幫助下
With your help i made great progress.
7、'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said.
“I have ever seen” 做定語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn), 是高級(jí)的標(biāo)志
8、She gazed at it for some time then added, 'You don't need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!'
gazed at 對(duì)……向往, 羨慕
not at all 完全不，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用
in one’s spare time 某人空閑的時(shí)候，spare表示“空閑的，多余的”
I like to read in my spare time.
Have you got a spare moment? 你（現(xiàn)在）有空嗎？
【Key structures】
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have done，表示已完成的動(dòng)作
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：have been doing，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行，而且動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在有結(jié)果。到現(xiàn)在為止，該動(dòng)作可能已不再繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，也可能還在繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，這要根據(jù)上下文來(lái)確定。句子中常含有all+表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)如all day，all morning等或for和since。
I have read the book. 書(shū)已看完
I have been reading the book. 還沒(méi)看完, 還要繼續(xù)
表示持續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，如learn，lie，live，rain，sleep，stand，可以同since或for副詞短語(yǔ)連用，也可用于以how long開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句中：
I’ve been working for Exxon for 15 years.
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可以表示經(jīng)常重復(fù)的動(dòng)作：
Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the last week.
與段時(shí)間連用可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 也可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí), 但跟次數(shù)連用的, 一定只能用完成時(shí), 不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
He has rung me up five times since 12 o’clock.
【語(yǔ)法精髓】
1、You should go to bed. You _____ (watch) TV for 5 hours.
2、I _____ (write) letters since breakfast.
3、I _____ (write) 3 letters since breakfast.
4、Sorry, but Mr.Smith _____ (leave) for Beijing.
5、I _____ (look) for him everywhere, where can he be?
1、have been watching/have watched
2、having been writing
3、have written
4、has left
和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的, 一定不能是次數(shù)；和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的動(dòng)詞, 一定不能是短暫動(dòng)詞，leave是瞬間動(dòng)詞
5、have been looking 通過(guò) “where can he be?” 這句話可知人沒(méi)找到, 還要繼續(xù)找
【Special Difficulties】
形容詞、相應(yīng)的副詞及其用法：
許多副詞，特別是表示方式的副詞，皆由形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成，如easy（容易的）/easyly（容易地），beautiful（漂亮的）/beautifully（漂亮地）。一些頻度副詞也如此構(gòu)成，如usual（通常）/usually（通常地）。還有少數(shù)幾個(gè)表示程度及觀點(diǎn)的副詞也都以-ly結(jié)尾：high（高的）/highly（高度地），real（真的）/really（真正的）。
大多數(shù)形容詞加 “l(fā)y” 變?yōu)楦痹~ : 如 beautiful－－beautifully，但是不是所有的形容詞都可以加ly(asleep)；不是所有的副詞都一定以ly結(jié)尾(late)；不是所有的加ly的都是副詞(lovely)
有些副詞雖然由形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成，但在意義上與其相應(yīng)的形容并不相同，如hard（勤奮的，困難的）/hardly（幾乎不），cold（冷的）/coldly（冷淡的），late（遲到的，晚的）/lately（近，近來(lái)），near（近的，接近的）/nearly（幾乎，差不多，差點(diǎn)兒）。
有些副詞有兩種形式。有的意義相同，如cheap（廉價(jià)的）/cheaply（廉價(jià)地），但有的意義不同如late（遲，晚）/lately（近來(lái)），hard（努力地，猛烈地）/hardly（幾乎不）。
late 遲 ； lately adv. 近來(lái)(=recently)
hard 努力地(表示程度深), 困難地(=difficult) ；hardly幾乎不
high高的 ，〈adv.>高度地 ；highly〈adv.> 高度地 (不能用尺度測(cè)量的, 抽象的)
deep 深的； deeply 〈adv.> 深度地 (不能用尺度測(cè)量的, 抽象的)
near 在旁邊的 ；nearly 〈adv.> 幾乎, 將近
有些副詞在形式上與形容詞相同，如fast，past，far等。
大多數(shù)方式副詞的位置一般在賓語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞前面，表示時(shí)間的副詞常位于句尾，有時(shí)也可位于句首。程度副詞，如almost，enough，hardly，nearly，quite，rather，too等，大部分用在它們所修飾的動(dòng)詞之前。
副詞修飾動(dòng)詞(walk quickly), 形容詞(very beautiful), 副詞詞性本身(very much), 還可以修飾句子
Quite and Quiet
quite adv. 完全，相當(dāng)，很
I’m quite ready. 我已全準(zhǔn)備好了。
Are you quite certain? 你敢完全肯定嗎？
quiet adj. 安靜的，平靜的，靜止的，寂靜的
The sea was very quiet this morning. 今天上午上海很平靜。
The house became quiet again when the children were gone.
【Multiple choice questions】
3 He has been working all morning and he ___c___hard.
a.still works b.has still worked c. is still working d.still worked
still works 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)是一種習(xí)慣
4 He's been trying to get his room in order. He wants to ___a___.
a.make it tidy b. keep it tidy c. made order d. keep order
keep order 保持秩序
動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞(做賓補(bǔ))，此類動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有 : get, keep, make, find (其中g(shù)et make 是使役動(dòng)詞)
7 The writer ___c___bookcases.
a.needn't b.needs not c. doesn't need d.isn't needing
needn’t 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面不能加動(dòng)詞
need not 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞后面不能加not，need 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)
10 He actually has to walk on them. He can't do ___c___.
a.else b.different c.otherwise d.other
else一定放在不定代詞和疑問(wèn)代詞后面anything else,anybody else,who else,what else等
different形容詞, 動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)加副詞或名詞做賓語(yǔ), 而不是形容詞
other形容詞；the other代詞
★otherwise
① conj. 否則, 不然
Hurry up, otherwise you will miss train.
② adj. 另外的, 其他方面的
③ adv. 另外, 否則, 不同地, 別的方式 (=differently)
12 You can sit here in your spare time. You can sit here when you're ___d___.
a.working b.studying c.not working d.reading
spare time = not work
在考試時(shí)沒(méi)上下文是答案為c；在本課文中應(yīng)為d
【New words and expressions】（4）
temporarily adv. 暫時(shí)地
inch n. 英寸（度量單位）
space n. 空間
actually adv. 實(shí)際上
★inch [IntF] n. 英寸(度量單位)
foot 英尺(pl. feet ); mile 英里
★space [speis] n. 空間
注意讀音濁化, 六個(gè)爆破音中有三個(gè)清輔音 [p t k] 在 [s] 后面是要濁化為對(duì)應(yīng)的三個(gè)濁輔音 [b d ^] 又如 school [sku:l]
★actually [5AktFuElI] adv. 實(shí)際上
＝in fact
【Text】
We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning. I have been trying to get my new room in order. This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books. To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor. At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room. A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor. 'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said. She gazed at it for some time then added, 'You don't need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!'
參考譯文
我們剛剛搬進(jìn)一所新房子, 我辛辛苦苦地干了整整一個(gè)上午. 我試圖把我的新房間收拾整齊, 但這并不容易, 因?yàn)槲矣?,000多本書(shū). 更糟糕的是房間還非常小, 所以我暫時(shí)把書(shū)放在了地板上. 這會(huì)兒, 書(shū)把地板的每一點(diǎn)空隙都占據(jù)了, 我實(shí)際上是踩著這些書(shū)進(jìn)出房間的. 幾分鐘前, 我妹妹幫我把一個(gè)舊書(shū)櫥抬上了樓. 她走進(jìn)我的房間, 當(dāng)她看到地板上的那些書(shū)時(shí), 大吃一驚. “這是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的漂亮的地毯,” 她說(shuō). 她盯著 “地毯” 看了一會(huì)兒, 又說(shuō) : “你根本用不著書(shū)櫥, 空閑時(shí)你可以坐在這兒讀地毯!”
【課文講解】
1、We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning.
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行，而且動(dòng)作有現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示在漫長(zhǎng)地時(shí)間段，過(guò)去發(fā)生的, 還一定要對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響；在過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 動(dòng)詞一定是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
It has rained for half day.
It has been raining.
2、I have been trying to get my new room in order.
get sth. in order 使……有秩序，把……整理好(get 使役動(dòng)詞)
in order 整齊，井然有序，有秩序, 有次序
Get/Put everything in order before you leave the room.
3、This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books.
★own
① vt. 擁有
I own over a thousand books.
② vt. &vi. 承認(rèn)
He owned to stealing the wallet.
He owned (that) he had made a mistake.
③ adj. 自己的
He has a car of his own.
He lives in his own house.
4、To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor.
to make matters worse 更糟糕的是……，插入語(yǔ)
I lost my way in the forest, and to make matters worse, it became dark.
rather adj. 相當(dāng)?shù)?BR> 5、At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room.
at the moment ＝ now 現(xiàn)在，此刻，目前
every inch 每一英寸(夸張)
Gold covered every inch of the ground in America.
It is worth every penny of it.
6、A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs.
help sb. (to) do sth. 幫某人做某事(to 可省略)
help sb. with sth. 幫某人做某事
He help me to learn English.
He help me with my English.
with one’s help 在某人的幫助下
With your help i made great progress.
7、'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said.
“I have ever seen” 做定語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn), 是高級(jí)的標(biāo)志
8、She gazed at it for some time then added, 'You don't need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!'
gazed at 對(duì)……向往, 羨慕
not at all 完全不，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用
in one’s spare time 某人空閑的時(shí)候，spare表示“空閑的，多余的”
I like to read in my spare time.
Have you got a spare moment? 你（現(xiàn)在）有空嗎？
【Key structures】
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have done，表示已完成的動(dòng)作
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：have been doing，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行，而且動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在有結(jié)果。到現(xiàn)在為止，該動(dòng)作可能已不再繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，也可能還在繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，這要根據(jù)上下文來(lái)確定。句子中常含有all+表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)如all day，all morning等或for和since。
I have read the book. 書(shū)已看完
I have been reading the book. 還沒(méi)看完, 還要繼續(xù)
表示持續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，如learn，lie，live，rain，sleep，stand，可以同since或for副詞短語(yǔ)連用，也可用于以how long開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句中：
I’ve been working for Exxon for 15 years.
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可以表示經(jīng)常重復(fù)的動(dòng)作：
Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the last week.
與段時(shí)間連用可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 也可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí), 但跟次數(shù)連用的, 一定只能用完成時(shí), 不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
He has rung me up five times since 12 o’clock.
【語(yǔ)法精髓】
1、You should go to bed. You _____ (watch) TV for 5 hours.
2、I _____ (write) letters since breakfast.
3、I _____ (write) 3 letters since breakfast.
4、Sorry, but Mr.Smith _____ (leave) for Beijing.
5、I _____ (look) for him everywhere, where can he be?
1、have been watching/have watched
2、having been writing
3、have written
4、has left
和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的, 一定不能是次數(shù)；和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的動(dòng)詞, 一定不能是短暫動(dòng)詞，leave是瞬間動(dòng)詞
5、have been looking 通過(guò) “where can he be?” 這句話可知人沒(méi)找到, 還要繼續(xù)找
【Special Difficulties】
形容詞、相應(yīng)的副詞及其用法：
許多副詞，特別是表示方式的副詞，皆由形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成，如easy（容易的）/easyly（容易地），beautiful（漂亮的）/beautifully（漂亮地）。一些頻度副詞也如此構(gòu)成，如usual（通常）/usually（通常地）。還有少數(shù)幾個(gè)表示程度及觀點(diǎn)的副詞也都以-ly結(jié)尾：high（高的）/highly（高度地），real（真的）/really（真正的）。
大多數(shù)形容詞加 “l(fā)y” 變?yōu)楦痹~ : 如 beautiful－－beautifully，但是不是所有的形容詞都可以加ly(asleep)；不是所有的副詞都一定以ly結(jié)尾(late)；不是所有的加ly的都是副詞(lovely)
有些副詞雖然由形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成，但在意義上與其相應(yīng)的形容并不相同，如hard（勤奮的，困難的）/hardly（幾乎不），cold（冷的）/coldly（冷淡的），late（遲到的，晚的）/lately（近，近來(lái)），near（近的，接近的）/nearly（幾乎，差不多，差點(diǎn)兒）。
有些副詞有兩種形式。有的意義相同，如cheap（廉價(jià)的）/cheaply（廉價(jià)地），但有的意義不同如late（遲，晚）/lately（近來(lái)），hard（努力地，猛烈地）/hardly（幾乎不）。
late 遲 ； lately adv. 近來(lái)(=recently)
hard 努力地(表示程度深), 困難地(=difficult) ；hardly幾乎不
high高的 ，〈adv.>高度地 ；highly〈adv.> 高度地 (不能用尺度測(cè)量的, 抽象的)
deep 深的； deeply 〈adv.> 深度地 (不能用尺度測(cè)量的, 抽象的)
near 在旁邊的 ；nearly 〈adv.> 幾乎, 將近
有些副詞在形式上與形容詞相同，如fast，past，far等。
大多數(shù)方式副詞的位置一般在賓語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞前面，表示時(shí)間的副詞常位于句尾，有時(shí)也可位于句首。程度副詞，如almost，enough，hardly，nearly，quite，rather，too等，大部分用在它們所修飾的動(dòng)詞之前。
副詞修飾動(dòng)詞(walk quickly), 形容詞(very beautiful), 副詞詞性本身(very much), 還可以修飾句子
Quite and Quiet
quite adv. 完全，相當(dāng)，很
I’m quite ready. 我已全準(zhǔn)備好了。
Are you quite certain? 你敢完全肯定嗎？
quiet adj. 安靜的，平靜的，靜止的，寂靜的
The sea was very quiet this morning. 今天上午上海很平靜。
The house became quiet again when the children were gone.
【Multiple choice questions】
3 He has been working all morning and he ___c___hard.
a.still works b.has still worked c. is still working d.still worked
still works 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)是一種習(xí)慣
4 He's been trying to get his room in order. He wants to ___a___.
a.make it tidy b. keep it tidy c. made order d. keep order
keep order 保持秩序
動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞(做賓補(bǔ))，此類動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有 : get, keep, make, find (其中g(shù)et make 是使役動(dòng)詞)
7 The writer ___c___bookcases.
a.needn't b.needs not c. doesn't need d.isn't needing
needn’t 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面不能加動(dòng)詞
need not 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞后面不能加not，need 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)
10 He actually has to walk on them. He can't do ___c___.
a.else b.different c.otherwise d.other
else一定放在不定代詞和疑問(wèn)代詞后面anything else,anybody else,who else,what else等
different形容詞, 動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)加副詞或名詞做賓語(yǔ), 而不是形容詞
other形容詞；the other代詞
★otherwise
① conj. 否則, 不然
Hurry up, otherwise you will miss train.
② adj. 另外的, 其他方面的
③ adv. 另外, 否則, 不同地, 別的方式 (=differently)
12 You can sit here in your spare time. You can sit here when you're ___d___.
a.working b.studying c.not working d.reading
spare time = not work
在考試時(shí)沒(méi)上下文是答案為c；在本課文中應(yīng)為d