Lesson 53 Hot snake
【New words and expressions】（13）
hot adj. 帶電的，充電的
fireman n. 消防隊(duì)員
cause v. 引起； n. 原因
examine v. 檢查
accidentally adv. 意外地，偶然地
remains n. 尸體，殘骸
wire n. 電線
volt n. 伏特（電壓單位）
power line 電力線
solve v. 解決
mystery n. 謎（無法接受地, 解釋不了的）
snatch v. 抓住
spark n. 電火花
★hot adj. 帶電的, 充電的
hot adj. 熱的；新鮮的；棘手的；帶電的, 充電的
hot-hot-hot 麻辣燙；hot-wings 辣雞翅；hot dog 熱狗
hot-tempered 火暴(脾氣)的 （temper[5tempE] n. 脾氣）
hot line 熱線；hot topic 熱門話題
hot cake 熱蛋糕
It sells like a hot cake/cakes. 表示一個(gè)東西的暢銷, 熱銷
best seller 暢銷的東西
hot potato 棘手的問題
hot news 熱點(diǎn)的新聞
★fireman n. 消防隊(duì)員
hydrant [5haidrEnt] n. 消防栓, 消防龍頭
fire extinguisher 滅火器 （extinguisher[Ik5stIN^wIFE(r)] n. 熄滅者, 滅火器）
extinguish＝put out 滅火
★cause v.& n. 引起；原因
① v. 引起
cause sth. 引起麻煩
Carelessness causes accidents. 粗心導(dǎo)致事故
Pride causes failure. 驕傲使人失敗
cause sb. to do sth. 引起某人做某事, 導(dǎo)致某人做某事
Illness caused him to lose his temper. (lose one’s temper 發(fā)火)
② n. 原因，強(qiáng)調(diào)事情發(fā)生的直接原因(一個(gè))
because 因?yàn)?BR> reason 理由，其他各種的理由(很多個(gè))
★examine v. 檢查
examine the soil
check v. 核實(shí), 核對
★accidentally adv. 意外地, 偶然地 (但更趨向于 “偶然” 的意思)
accident－>accidental－>accidentally
accident n. 事故
unexpectedly adv. 出乎意料地(更趨向于 “意外” 的意思)
★remains n. 尸體, 殘骸
remains指dead body
★solve v. 解決
solve the mystery
solve the problem
★snatch v. 抓住
catch v. 抓，如抓魚
hold v. 握著
snatch v. (突然抓起來)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的突然性
seize v. 抓住(用力)
seize my arm
【Text】
At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass. They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. This morning, however, a firemen accidentally discovered the cause. He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line. In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. The explanation was simple but very unusual. A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. The snake then wound itself round the wires. When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire.
參考譯文
消防隊(duì)員們終于撲滅了加利福尼亞的一場森林大火. 從那時(shí)起, 他們一直試圖找出起火的原因. 森林火災(zāi)時(shí)常由破碎的玻璃或人們隨手扔掉的香煙頭引起. 昨天, 消防隊(duì)員仔細(xì)查看了地面, 但未能發(fā)現(xiàn)碎玻璃. 他們還十分肯定火災(zāi)也不是由煙頭引起的. 然而今天上午, 一個(gè)消防隊(duì)員偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了起火的原因. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)了纏繞在16, 000伏高壓線上的一條死蛇. 就這樣, 他解開了起火之謎. 解釋很簡單, 卻異乎尋常. 一只鳥把蛇從地上抓起來, 然后把它扔到了電線上. 于是蛇就纏住了幾根電線. 當(dāng)它這樣做時(shí), 把火花送到了地面, 這些火花立刻引起了一場大火.
【課文講解】
1、Hot snake
hot snake 觸電的蛇
get a electric shock 觸電
2、At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California.
at last 后，終于
put out a fire 撲滅火（put out撲滅，熄滅，關(guān)掉）
Please put the light/fire out.
a fire 一場(堆)火
3、Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began.
since then 從那時(shí)起，到現(xiàn)在為止
find out （經(jīng)過研究、努力等）找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查出……（這里find out的賓語是個(gè)從句）
I’ll try and find out the name of the person who saved my life yesterday.
4、Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away.
broken glass 被打碎的玻璃片
cigarette ends 煙頭
5、They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire.
be able to 能夠 ；be not able to 沒有能夠
be sure that 對……很有把握；quite sure 相當(dāng)?shù)陌盐招?BR> rather adv. 相當(dāng)
fairly [5fZEli] adv. 相當(dāng), 公正地, 誠實(shí)地
quite(＝completely)－>rather－>fairly 程度一個(gè)比一個(gè)輕
quite a few 頗有幾個(gè)(相當(dāng)多的)
start a fire＝cause a fire （start vt. 使……發(fā)生，引起）
6、This morning, however, a firemen accidentally discovered the cause.
accidentally =by chance 偶然地
discover本身含有偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)（某個(gè)已經(jīng)存在的東西）的含義
I don’t know who discovered America.
7、He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line.
notice 注意別人沒注意的東西
the remains表示“尸體，殘骸”，必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式：
The villagers were surprised to see the remains of an aeroplane near the lake.
16,000-volt power line 連字符“-” 一旦加在兩個(gè)詞之間, 這個(gè)詞之間就失去了加復(fù)數(shù)的資格, 能夠加連字符的概念一定是做定語
★wind [waind] vt. 纏繞，卷在……上；盤旋，蜿蜒
① vt. 纏繞，卷在……上（常與around/round連用）
Did you wind this piece of wire round the tree?
② vt. 蜿蜒，盤旋
wind one's way 蜿蜒而行
8、In this way, he was able to solve the mystery.
in this way 就這樣
9、A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires.
had done 先發(fā)生的事
drop 無意掉下去的
10、When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire.
do so 這么做
I refuse to do so. 我拒絕這么做
so常用于一些動(dòng)詞之后，代指前面提過的某個(gè)動(dòng)作/某件事，以免重復(fù)
I think/believe so.
【Summary writing】
1 Have firemen put out a big forest fire in California or not? Have they been trying to discover its cause?(Now that ...)
2 Was there any evidence that it was started by broken glass or by a cigarette end or not?
5 Where did the snake wind itself? What had it sent to the ground? Did this cause the fire or not?(In winding... and)
1 Now that fireman have put out a big forest fire in California ,they have been trying to discover its cause.
now that 既然
2 evidence n. 證據(jù)
區(qū)分同位語從句與定語從句地區(qū)別：如果that做了主語或者賓語, 是定語從句；如果that既不作主語也不作賓語, 是同位語從句
fact , evidence 的后面往往是加同為語從句
5 (In) winding itself around the wires the snake had sent sparks to the ground and it caused the fire.
介詞“in”“on”放在動(dòng)詞“-ing”前面的理解方式和沒有“in”“on”的理解方式一樣
【Key structures】
一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
一般過去時(shí)通常與一個(gè)表示確切的時(shí)間的狀語連用，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則有時(shí)與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，有時(shí)不需要時(shí)間狀語，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則有時(shí)與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，有時(shí)與all+表示時(shí)間的名詞連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)中既可以用狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞（表示存在、擁有、感情、思想、需求等的動(dòng)詞）也可以用行為動(dòng)詞，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則通常與行為動(dòng)詞連用。
【Special Difficulties】
Throw to，Throw at and Throw away
throw作及物動(dòng)詞主要含義為“投，擲，拋，扔”。
throw to (sb.) 扔給（某人）
He threw the ball to me and I caught it.
throw at 對準(zhǔn)某一目標(biāo)扔
The boy threw a stone at the window and broke it.
throw away 扔掉，丟棄
Many people throw away cigarette ends carelessly.
Cause and Reason
cause
① n. 原因，起因；
Do you know the cause of the war?
What was the cause of the delay?
② v. 使……產(chǎn)生/發(fā)生，引起
cause sth. 導(dǎo)致, 引起
What caused the accident?
cause sb. to do sth. 導(dǎo)致某人做某事
reason
① n. 理由，原因
Give me your reasons for going there.
What was the reason for the delay?
作“原因”講時(shí)，reason與cause可以互換，但reason與介詞for連用；而cause則與介詞of連用。
reason后面通常跟why引導(dǎo)的從句：
That was the reason why the meeting was put off.
② v. 推理，勸導(dǎo)，說服
reason with sb. 勸說(以道理)
How can you reason with him when he is so worried?
Drop and Fall
drop vi.&vt. （使）掉下，（使）落下，放下（強(qiáng)調(diào)的是不小心掉下來）
As he walked past the tree, an apple dropped from it.
The waiter dropped a fork.
fall vi. 落下，（雨、雪）下，降，跌倒，摔倒（強(qiáng)調(diào)的是掉下來的概念, 動(dòng)作）
I fell and hurt myself.
When leaves fall in autumn, I’ll come back.
【Multiple choice questions】
6 He was able to solve the mystery. He ___c___.
a.could if he wanted to b.could but he didn't want to
c.succeeded in solving it d. didn't succeed in solving it
be able to＝can, succeed in doing
11 In this way he was able to solve the mystery. ___c___he did it.
a.That's so b.Like this c.That's how d. So
in this way= that’s how 以這種方式
like 在英文中不表示方式, 只表示兩者的東西很像
【New words and expressions】（13）
hot adj. 帶電的，充電的
fireman n. 消防隊(duì)員
cause v. 引起； n. 原因
examine v. 檢查
accidentally adv. 意外地，偶然地
remains n. 尸體，殘骸
wire n. 電線
volt n. 伏特（電壓單位）
power line 電力線
solve v. 解決
mystery n. 謎（無法接受地, 解釋不了的）
snatch v. 抓住
spark n. 電火花
★hot adj. 帶電的, 充電的
hot adj. 熱的；新鮮的；棘手的；帶電的, 充電的
hot-hot-hot 麻辣燙；hot-wings 辣雞翅；hot dog 熱狗
hot-tempered 火暴(脾氣)的 （temper[5tempE] n. 脾氣）
hot line 熱線；hot topic 熱門話題
hot cake 熱蛋糕
It sells like a hot cake/cakes. 表示一個(gè)東西的暢銷, 熱銷
best seller 暢銷的東西
hot potato 棘手的問題
hot news 熱點(diǎn)的新聞
★fireman n. 消防隊(duì)員
hydrant [5haidrEnt] n. 消防栓, 消防龍頭
fire extinguisher 滅火器 （extinguisher[Ik5stIN^wIFE(r)] n. 熄滅者, 滅火器）
extinguish＝put out 滅火
★cause v.& n. 引起；原因
① v. 引起
cause sth. 引起麻煩
Carelessness causes accidents. 粗心導(dǎo)致事故
Pride causes failure. 驕傲使人失敗
cause sb. to do sth. 引起某人做某事, 導(dǎo)致某人做某事
Illness caused him to lose his temper. (lose one’s temper 發(fā)火)
② n. 原因，強(qiáng)調(diào)事情發(fā)生的直接原因(一個(gè))
because 因?yàn)?BR> reason 理由，其他各種的理由(很多個(gè))
★examine v. 檢查
examine the soil
check v. 核實(shí), 核對
★accidentally adv. 意外地, 偶然地 (但更趨向于 “偶然” 的意思)
accident－>accidental－>accidentally
accident n. 事故
unexpectedly adv. 出乎意料地(更趨向于 “意外” 的意思)
★remains n. 尸體, 殘骸
remains指dead body
★solve v. 解決
solve the mystery
solve the problem
★snatch v. 抓住
catch v. 抓，如抓魚
hold v. 握著
snatch v. (突然抓起來)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的突然性
seize v. 抓住(用力)
seize my arm
【Text】
At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass. They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. This morning, however, a firemen accidentally discovered the cause. He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line. In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. The explanation was simple but very unusual. A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. The snake then wound itself round the wires. When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire.
參考譯文
消防隊(duì)員們終于撲滅了加利福尼亞的一場森林大火. 從那時(shí)起, 他們一直試圖找出起火的原因. 森林火災(zāi)時(shí)常由破碎的玻璃或人們隨手扔掉的香煙頭引起. 昨天, 消防隊(duì)員仔細(xì)查看了地面, 但未能發(fā)現(xiàn)碎玻璃. 他們還十分肯定火災(zāi)也不是由煙頭引起的. 然而今天上午, 一個(gè)消防隊(duì)員偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了起火的原因. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)了纏繞在16, 000伏高壓線上的一條死蛇. 就這樣, 他解開了起火之謎. 解釋很簡單, 卻異乎尋常. 一只鳥把蛇從地上抓起來, 然后把它扔到了電線上. 于是蛇就纏住了幾根電線. 當(dāng)它這樣做時(shí), 把火花送到了地面, 這些火花立刻引起了一場大火.
【課文講解】
1、Hot snake
hot snake 觸電的蛇
get a electric shock 觸電
2、At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California.
at last 后，終于
put out a fire 撲滅火（put out撲滅，熄滅，關(guān)掉）
Please put the light/fire out.
a fire 一場(堆)火
3、Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began.
since then 從那時(shí)起，到現(xiàn)在為止
find out （經(jīng)過研究、努力等）找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查出……（這里find out的賓語是個(gè)從句）
I’ll try and find out the name of the person who saved my life yesterday.
4、Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away.
broken glass 被打碎的玻璃片
cigarette ends 煙頭
5、They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire.
be able to 能夠 ；be not able to 沒有能夠
be sure that 對……很有把握；quite sure 相當(dāng)?shù)陌盐招?BR> rather adv. 相當(dāng)
fairly [5fZEli] adv. 相當(dāng), 公正地, 誠實(shí)地
quite(＝completely)－>rather－>fairly 程度一個(gè)比一個(gè)輕
quite a few 頗有幾個(gè)(相當(dāng)多的)
start a fire＝cause a fire （start vt. 使……發(fā)生，引起）
6、This morning, however, a firemen accidentally discovered the cause.
accidentally =by chance 偶然地
discover本身含有偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)（某個(gè)已經(jīng)存在的東西）的含義
I don’t know who discovered America.
7、He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line.
notice 注意別人沒注意的東西
the remains表示“尸體，殘骸”，必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式：
The villagers were surprised to see the remains of an aeroplane near the lake.
16,000-volt power line 連字符“-” 一旦加在兩個(gè)詞之間, 這個(gè)詞之間就失去了加復(fù)數(shù)的資格, 能夠加連字符的概念一定是做定語
★wind [waind] vt. 纏繞，卷在……上；盤旋，蜿蜒
① vt. 纏繞，卷在……上（常與around/round連用）
Did you wind this piece of wire round the tree?
② vt. 蜿蜒，盤旋
wind one's way 蜿蜒而行
8、In this way, he was able to solve the mystery.
in this way 就這樣
9、A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires.
had done 先發(fā)生的事
drop 無意掉下去的
10、When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire.
do so 這么做
I refuse to do so. 我拒絕這么做
so常用于一些動(dòng)詞之后，代指前面提過的某個(gè)動(dòng)作/某件事，以免重復(fù)
I think/believe so.
【Summary writing】
1 Have firemen put out a big forest fire in California or not? Have they been trying to discover its cause?(Now that ...)
2 Was there any evidence that it was started by broken glass or by a cigarette end or not?
5 Where did the snake wind itself? What had it sent to the ground? Did this cause the fire or not?(In winding... and)
1 Now that fireman have put out a big forest fire in California ,they have been trying to discover its cause.
now that 既然
2 evidence n. 證據(jù)
區(qū)分同位語從句與定語從句地區(qū)別：如果that做了主語或者賓語, 是定語從句；如果that既不作主語也不作賓語, 是同位語從句
fact , evidence 的后面往往是加同為語從句
5 (In) winding itself around the wires the snake had sent sparks to the ground and it caused the fire.
介詞“in”“on”放在動(dòng)詞“-ing”前面的理解方式和沒有“in”“on”的理解方式一樣
【Key structures】
一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
一般過去時(shí)通常與一個(gè)表示確切的時(shí)間的狀語連用，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則有時(shí)與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，有時(shí)不需要時(shí)間狀語，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則有時(shí)與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，有時(shí)與all+表示時(shí)間的名詞連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)中既可以用狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞（表示存在、擁有、感情、思想、需求等的動(dòng)詞）也可以用行為動(dòng)詞，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則通常與行為動(dòng)詞連用。
【Special Difficulties】
Throw to，Throw at and Throw away
throw作及物動(dòng)詞主要含義為“投，擲，拋，扔”。
throw to (sb.) 扔給（某人）
He threw the ball to me and I caught it.
throw at 對準(zhǔn)某一目標(biāo)扔
The boy threw a stone at the window and broke it.
throw away 扔掉，丟棄
Many people throw away cigarette ends carelessly.
Cause and Reason
cause
① n. 原因，起因；
Do you know the cause of the war?
What was the cause of the delay?
② v. 使……產(chǎn)生/發(fā)生，引起
cause sth. 導(dǎo)致, 引起
What caused the accident?
cause sb. to do sth. 導(dǎo)致某人做某事
reason
① n. 理由，原因
Give me your reasons for going there.
What was the reason for the delay?
作“原因”講時(shí)，reason與cause可以互換，但reason與介詞for連用；而cause則與介詞of連用。
reason后面通常跟why引導(dǎo)的從句：
That was the reason why the meeting was put off.
② v. 推理，勸導(dǎo)，說服
reason with sb. 勸說(以道理)
How can you reason with him when he is so worried?
Drop and Fall
drop vi.&vt. （使）掉下，（使）落下，放下（強(qiáng)調(diào)的是不小心掉下來）
As he walked past the tree, an apple dropped from it.
The waiter dropped a fork.
fall vi. 落下，（雨、雪）下，降，跌倒，摔倒（強(qiáng)調(diào)的是掉下來的概念, 動(dòng)作）
I fell and hurt myself.
When leaves fall in autumn, I’ll come back.
【Multiple choice questions】
6 He was able to solve the mystery. He ___c___.
a.could if he wanted to b.could but he didn't want to
c.succeeded in solving it d. didn't succeed in solving it
be able to＝can, succeed in doing
11 In this way he was able to solve the mystery. ___c___he did it.
a.That's so b.Like this c.That's how d. So
in this way= that’s how 以這種方式
like 在英文中不表示方式, 只表示兩者的東西很像