Text 課文
How did the archaeologists know that the statue was a goddess?
Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island
of Kea.
some time 1>經(jīng)過若干時間 2>在未來的某時
sometime adv.在某一時候, 曾經(jīng), 有一天
sometimes adv.不時, 有時
中文習慣用主動語態(tài)。
英文習慣用被動語態(tài)。以事件、結(jié)果、影響、效果為主語，強調(diào)對客觀事實的陳述。
An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of
Ayia Irini.
which引導定語從句，修飾限定temple。（which = that）
stand(不及物) = lie(不及物) 位于
= situate(及物) 使位于, 使處于
= locate(及物) 使...坐落于, 位于
which stands in... = which lies in… = which is located in… = which is situated in...
Stand 1 >身高 2>表示高高坐落于, 矗立于
-- She stands 1.75m. 她身高1.75米
-- A great tree stands on the mount. 一棵大樹豎立在山上。
The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.
for?引導原因狀語從句：對主句的附加說明和解釋，提供更多的信息。
because?引導原因狀語從句：強調(diào)原因。
-- The day broke for the birds were singing.
at?one?time 表達曾經(jīng), 一度（過去時態(tài)的標志, = once）
must?have?been?對過去事實肯定的推測
enjoyed?a?high?level?of?civilization 享有高度文明
Houses -- often three storeys high -- were built of stone. They had large rooms with
beautifully decorated walls.
With… 具有…
-- a young man with broad shoulders / an old lady with black hair
beautifully?decorated 過去分詞做定語
-- a?beautifully?dressed?lady?衣著漂亮的女士
-- a?deserted?car park 廢棄的停車場
-- a?white?painted?door 被刷成白色的門
現(xiàn)在分詞做定語, 被修飾詞與修飾詞之間為邏輯主動關(guān)系
-- a boy climbing the tree 正在爬樹的男孩
-- the students reading in the room 正在房間里讀書的學生
The city was equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found
beneath the narrow streets.
be?equipped?with 配備, 裝備 （equip vt.裝備, 配備）
air conditioning 空氣調(diào)節(jié)裝置 / air conditioner 空氣調(diào)節(jié)機, 空調(diào)設(shè)備
-- The car was equipped with air conditioning.
for?引導原因狀語從句
在正下方：Beneath = under?
-- beneath the narrow streets = under the narrow streets
-- He is standing under/beneath the umbrella.
在進行中：只能用under
-- under control 控制之中 / under discussion 討論之中 / under?repairs修理之中
below 在下方（強調(diào)在斜下方）
-- She is sitting below the window
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the
fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times.
be?used?as / be?used?to?be 把…用作為
-- The box was used as a desk in the small village school.
-- The wooden box was used as a bookcase.
be?used?to do 被用來做…
-- The wooden box is used to contain books
In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found.
Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted.
represent? vt.代表
-- I represent all the classmates.
The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C.
dating?現(xiàn)在分詞, 修飾remains
date from = date back to （開始于…, 起始于…）
-- The custom dating from 1990. （custom n.習慣, 風俗）
-- The tradition dates from the time when his grandfather was young.
-- The castle dates from the 14th century. = The castle dates back to the 14th century.
城堡建造于14世紀
Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.
happen?to 偶然, 碰巧（強調(diào)事情的偶然發(fā)生）
-- I happen to have driven that kind of car. 我恰巧開過那種車。
-- He happened to find the ticket in his pocket.
It?happens?that +從句
-- It happened that I met her on my way to work.
= I happened to meet her on my way work.
happen?on 碰巧碰上
-- I happened on this old picture in the back of the drawer.
我偶然的在抽屜的背面發(fā)現(xiàn)了這張舊照片。
-- Guess, who did I happen on while I was in London last month?
This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved.
It was very old and precious even then.
When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the
goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.
Reconstruct = put together, piece together, restore（vt.恢復, 使回復）
Amazed = very much surprised
surprised > astonished > amazed > astounded 感到驚訝（語氣遞增）
to find... / to discover... / to realize... / to see…
-- I‘m not surprised to see you here
1> turn?out…（表示結(jié)果）結(jié)果是, 原來是 （= prove, 都表示系動詞）
turn out (to be)+ n./adj.
-- The concert turned out to be a failure.
-- Our party turned out (to be) a success. 我們的聚會非常的成功。
2> It turned out + that從句 （it作形式主語）
It turned out +其它名詞從句
-- It turned out that the diamonds had been in the bank all the time.
原來鉆石一直都在銀行里保存著。
-- It turned out that his statement was false. 原來他的話是假的。
3> as it turns out… 后來人們發(fā)現(xiàn)…
-- As it turned out, there was no need to worry. 后來人們發(fā)現(xiàn), 沒有必要擔心。
-- As it turned out, the report was mistaken. 后來人們發(fā)現(xiàn), 報告被弄錯了
She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips.
rest on v.被擱在, 停留在, 信賴
= depend on（依靠, 依賴）/ lean on（靠著）
-- His hand rested lightly on my shoulder
She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground.
which?swept?the?ground 近一步說明拖地的，拽地的
Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been
unable to discover her identity.
But, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
= It is still a problem for the archaeologists up to now.
Despite = in?spite?of?（兩者都是介詞），后面+?名詞/動名詞
so?far, up?to?now 完成時的標志
discover her identity = find out her identity
How did the archaeologists know that the statue was a goddess?
Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island
of Kea.
some time 1>經(jīng)過若干時間 2>在未來的某時
sometime adv.在某一時候, 曾經(jīng), 有一天
sometimes adv.不時, 有時
中文習慣用主動語態(tài)。
英文習慣用被動語態(tài)。以事件、結(jié)果、影響、效果為主語，強調(diào)對客觀事實的陳述。
An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of
Ayia Irini.
which引導定語從句，修飾限定temple。（which = that）
stand(不及物) = lie(不及物) 位于
= situate(及物) 使位于, 使處于
= locate(及物) 使...坐落于, 位于
which stands in... = which lies in… = which is located in… = which is situated in...
Stand 1 >身高 2>表示高高坐落于, 矗立于
-- She stands 1.75m. 她身高1.75米
-- A great tree stands on the mount. 一棵大樹豎立在山上。
The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.
for?引導原因狀語從句：對主句的附加說明和解釋，提供更多的信息。
because?引導原因狀語從句：強調(diào)原因。
-- The day broke for the birds were singing.
at?one?time 表達曾經(jīng), 一度（過去時態(tài)的標志, = once）
must?have?been?對過去事實肯定的推測
enjoyed?a?high?level?of?civilization 享有高度文明
Houses -- often three storeys high -- were built of stone. They had large rooms with
beautifully decorated walls.
With… 具有…
-- a young man with broad shoulders / an old lady with black hair
beautifully?decorated 過去分詞做定語
-- a?beautifully?dressed?lady?衣著漂亮的女士
-- a?deserted?car park 廢棄的停車場
-- a?white?painted?door 被刷成白色的門
現(xiàn)在分詞做定語, 被修飾詞與修飾詞之間為邏輯主動關(guān)系
-- a boy climbing the tree 正在爬樹的男孩
-- the students reading in the room 正在房間里讀書的學生
The city was equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found
beneath the narrow streets.
be?equipped?with 配備, 裝備 （equip vt.裝備, 配備）
air conditioning 空氣調(diào)節(jié)裝置 / air conditioner 空氣調(diào)節(jié)機, 空調(diào)設(shè)備
-- The car was equipped with air conditioning.
for?引導原因狀語從句
在正下方：Beneath = under?
-- beneath the narrow streets = under the narrow streets
-- He is standing under/beneath the umbrella.
在進行中：只能用under
-- under control 控制之中 / under discussion 討論之中 / under?repairs修理之中
below 在下方（強調(diào)在斜下方）
-- She is sitting below the window
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the
fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times.
be?used?as / be?used?to?be 把…用作為
-- The box was used as a desk in the small village school.
-- The wooden box was used as a bookcase.
be?used?to do 被用來做…
-- The wooden box is used to contain books
In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found.
Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted.
represent? vt.代表
-- I represent all the classmates.
The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C.
dating?現(xiàn)在分詞, 修飾remains
date from = date back to （開始于…, 起始于…）
-- The custom dating from 1990. （custom n.習慣, 風俗）
-- The tradition dates from the time when his grandfather was young.
-- The castle dates from the 14th century. = The castle dates back to the 14th century.
城堡建造于14世紀
Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.
happen?to 偶然, 碰巧（強調(diào)事情的偶然發(fā)生）
-- I happen to have driven that kind of car. 我恰巧開過那種車。
-- He happened to find the ticket in his pocket.
It?happens?that +從句
-- It happened that I met her on my way to work.
= I happened to meet her on my way work.
happen?on 碰巧碰上
-- I happened on this old picture in the back of the drawer.
我偶然的在抽屜的背面發(fā)現(xiàn)了這張舊照片。
-- Guess, who did I happen on while I was in London last month?
This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved.
It was very old and precious even then.
When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the
goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.
Reconstruct = put together, piece together, restore（vt.恢復, 使回復）
Amazed = very much surprised
surprised > astonished > amazed > astounded 感到驚訝（語氣遞增）
to find... / to discover... / to realize... / to see…
-- I‘m not surprised to see you here
1> turn?out…（表示結(jié)果）結(jié)果是, 原來是 （= prove, 都表示系動詞）
turn out (to be)+ n./adj.
-- The concert turned out to be a failure.
-- Our party turned out (to be) a success. 我們的聚會非常的成功。
2> It turned out + that從句 （it作形式主語）
It turned out +其它名詞從句
-- It turned out that the diamonds had been in the bank all the time.
原來鉆石一直都在銀行里保存著。
-- It turned out that his statement was false. 原來他的話是假的。
3> as it turns out… 后來人們發(fā)現(xiàn)…
-- As it turned out, there was no need to worry. 后來人們發(fā)現(xiàn), 沒有必要擔心。
-- As it turned out, the report was mistaken. 后來人們發(fā)現(xiàn), 報告被弄錯了
She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips.
rest on v.被擱在, 停留在, 信賴
= depend on（依靠, 依賴）/ lean on（靠著）
-- His hand rested lightly on my shoulder
She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground.
which?swept?the?ground 近一步說明拖地的，拽地的
Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been
unable to discover her identity.
But, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
= It is still a problem for the archaeologists up to now.
Despite = in?spite?of?（兩者都是介詞），后面+?名詞/動名詞
so?far, up?to?now 完成時的標志
discover her identity = find out her identity