Lesson 77 A successful operation
【New words and expressions】（14）
mummy n. 木乃伊
Egyptian adj. 埃及的
temple n. 廟
mark n. 斑點
plate n. （照相）底片
disease n. 疾病
last v. 持續(xù)
prove v. 顯示出
resin n. 樹脂
skin n. 皮膚
section n. 切片
figure n. （人的）體形；人像
normally adv. 通常地
survive v. 幸免于
★last vi. 持續(xù)，延續(xù)（常跟一個表示時間的名詞或短語，沒有被動語態(tài)）
last直接加時間或加for+時間
The meeting lasts (for) three hours.
The war between the two countries lasted (for) over three years/until 1453.
★prove v. 顯示出
① vi. 顯示，表明
prove +adj.
It proves difficult to do the job by herself.
prove +to be +adj.
It proves to be difficult.
② vt. 證明，證實（后面可跟從句、形容詞、名詞、不定式等）
I will prove it to you. 我將會證明給你看
We’re been trying to sell our house, but it’s proved to be very difficult.
You should first prove that you bought these goods here.
【Text】
The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the X-ray plates did not show: a small wax figure of the god Duamutef. This god which has the head of a cow was normally placed inside a mummy. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. The mummy successfully survived the operation.
參考譯文
死于公元前800年的一位埃及婦女的木乃伊剛剛接受了手術(shù)。這是曾在底比斯神殿里當過歌手的賽潘姆特的木乃伊。由于在給這個木乃伊拍攝的X光片子上有點奇怪的斑點，所以，醫(yī)生們一直試圖搞清這位婦女是否死于一種罕見的疾病。搞清的辦法就是手術(shù)。手術(shù)持續(xù)了4個多小時，非常難做，因為皮膚上覆蓋著一層硬硬的樹脂。醫(yī)生們從木乃伊身上取下一個切片，送去化驗。他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)了X光片所沒有顯示的東西：一個蠟制的杜瓦木特夫神小塑像。這種牛頭人身的神像通常被放在木乃伊體內(nèi)。醫(yī)生們至今還未確定這位婦女的死因。他們曾擔心在把木乃伊切開后，它會散成碎片，但幸運得很，這種情況并未發(fā)生。這具木乃伊成功地經(jīng)受了這次手術(shù)。
【課文講解】
1、The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation.
B.C. = Before Christ 公元前，放在年代的后面。
A.D. 公元，放在年代的前面,常?？梢允÷浴?BR> 2、The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes.
that指代上文當中出現(xiàn)的名詞the mummy。在指代特指事物時，尤其是在比較狀語從句中，常用that和those指代提到的事物：
The cost of living here is lower than that in London.
that of和those of一般用于較正式的文體中：
It's colder than Guangzhou. × （北京、廣州是地點，只有大小之分，本身沒有冷和熱）
The weather of Beijing is colder than Guangzhou. ×
The weather of Beijing is colder than the weather of Guangzhou.
= The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou. ∨
The texts of Book Two are more difficult than those of Book One.
The area of the USA is larger than that of Britain.
Temple of Thebes 底比斯神廟
3、As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.
take plates of sth. 給……拍片子
take photos of the mountain
take plate 拍片子，take photo 拍照片
4、As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.
find out + 從句
die 是瞬間動詞，不能和段時間連用。要和段時間連用，就必須變成系表結(jié)構(gòu)be dead。die不能用be doing形式。若用了be doing，表示即將發(fā)生的動作。
He has died for three years. ×
die in the accident 死于車禍
die of + 內(nèi)因 死于……
die of hunger
die of grief 死于悲哀
die from + 外因 死于……
die from wound （槍傷）
He died from the heart disease.
在日常生活表達當中，die of和die from可以互換。
5、The only way to do this was to operate.
way + of 做……的方式（做定語）
way + to do 做……的方式（做定語）
6、The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died.
what 對名詞提問，how對副詞或介詞短語提問。
how在這里是對of sth.提問的。要想用what提問，died后面加of。
decide v. 做出終的判斷，對……下判決，解決（懸案）
The police cannot decide yet which of the two men is guilty.
7、They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened.
fear v. 害怕（長時間的）
cut open 切開
fall to pieces =go to pieces 碎成碎片，散掉
During the storm, the old house fell to pieces.
After two years their marriage fell to pieces.
【Special Difficulties】
B.C. and A.D.
B.C. = Before Christ 公元前（位于年代之后）
The Romans invaded England in 55 B.C.
A.D. = anno Domini(=in the yeare of the Lord=since Christ was born) 公元前（位于年代之前）
George I died in A.D. 1727.
Skin，Leather and Complexion
skin n. 人體的皮膚；指某人是什么顏色的皮膚（可與complexion互換）
We are wet to the skin.
He has a dark skin/complexion.
leather n. 皮革
Shoes made of real leather have become very expensive.
This sofa is made from real leather.
complexion n. 膚色
Look at her rosy cheeks. She has a lovely complexion.
Wax and Candle
wax n. 蠟（不可數(shù)名詞）
All the figures in this shop are made of wax.
candle n. 蠟燭（可數(shù)名詞）
I keep a candle by my bed in case the lights go out suddenly.
【New words and expressions】（14）
mummy n. 木乃伊
Egyptian adj. 埃及的
temple n. 廟
mark n. 斑點
plate n. （照相）底片
disease n. 疾病
last v. 持續(xù)
prove v. 顯示出
resin n. 樹脂
skin n. 皮膚
section n. 切片
figure n. （人的）體形；人像
normally adv. 通常地
survive v. 幸免于
★last vi. 持續(xù)，延續(xù)（常跟一個表示時間的名詞或短語，沒有被動語態(tài)）
last直接加時間或加for+時間
The meeting lasts (for) three hours.
The war between the two countries lasted (for) over three years/until 1453.
★prove v. 顯示出
① vi. 顯示，表明
prove +adj.
It proves difficult to do the job by herself.
prove +to be +adj.
It proves to be difficult.
② vt. 證明，證實（后面可跟從句、形容詞、名詞、不定式等）
I will prove it to you. 我將會證明給你看
We’re been trying to sell our house, but it’s proved to be very difficult.
You should first prove that you bought these goods here.
【Text】
The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the X-ray plates did not show: a small wax figure of the god Duamutef. This god which has the head of a cow was normally placed inside a mummy. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. The mummy successfully survived the operation.
參考譯文
死于公元前800年的一位埃及婦女的木乃伊剛剛接受了手術(shù)。這是曾在底比斯神殿里當過歌手的賽潘姆特的木乃伊。由于在給這個木乃伊拍攝的X光片子上有點奇怪的斑點，所以，醫(yī)生們一直試圖搞清這位婦女是否死于一種罕見的疾病。搞清的辦法就是手術(shù)。手術(shù)持續(xù)了4個多小時，非常難做，因為皮膚上覆蓋著一層硬硬的樹脂。醫(yī)生們從木乃伊身上取下一個切片，送去化驗。他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)了X光片所沒有顯示的東西：一個蠟制的杜瓦木特夫神小塑像。這種牛頭人身的神像通常被放在木乃伊體內(nèi)。醫(yī)生們至今還未確定這位婦女的死因。他們曾擔心在把木乃伊切開后，它會散成碎片，但幸運得很，這種情況并未發(fā)生。這具木乃伊成功地經(jīng)受了這次手術(shù)。
【課文講解】
1、The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation.
B.C. = Before Christ 公元前，放在年代的后面。
A.D. 公元，放在年代的前面,常?？梢允÷浴?BR> 2、The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes.
that指代上文當中出現(xiàn)的名詞the mummy。在指代特指事物時，尤其是在比較狀語從句中，常用that和those指代提到的事物：
The cost of living here is lower than that in London.
that of和those of一般用于較正式的文體中：
It's colder than Guangzhou. × （北京、廣州是地點，只有大小之分，本身沒有冷和熱）
The weather of Beijing is colder than Guangzhou. ×
The weather of Beijing is colder than the weather of Guangzhou.
= The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou. ∨
The texts of Book Two are more difficult than those of Book One.
The area of the USA is larger than that of Britain.
Temple of Thebes 底比斯神廟
3、As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.
take plates of sth. 給……拍片子
take photos of the mountain
take plate 拍片子，take photo 拍照片
4、As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.
find out + 從句
die 是瞬間動詞，不能和段時間連用。要和段時間連用，就必須變成系表結(jié)構(gòu)be dead。die不能用be doing形式。若用了be doing，表示即將發(fā)生的動作。
He has died for three years. ×
die in the accident 死于車禍
die of + 內(nèi)因 死于……
die of hunger
die of grief 死于悲哀
die from + 外因 死于……
die from wound （槍傷）
He died from the heart disease.
在日常生活表達當中，die of和die from可以互換。
5、The only way to do this was to operate.
way + of 做……的方式（做定語）
way + to do 做……的方式（做定語）
6、The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died.
what 對名詞提問，how對副詞或介詞短語提問。
how在這里是對of sth.提問的。要想用what提問，died后面加of。
decide v. 做出終的判斷，對……下判決，解決（懸案）
The police cannot decide yet which of the two men is guilty.
7、They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened.
fear v. 害怕（長時間的）
cut open 切開
fall to pieces =go to pieces 碎成碎片，散掉
During the storm, the old house fell to pieces.
After two years their marriage fell to pieces.
【Special Difficulties】
B.C. and A.D.
B.C. = Before Christ 公元前（位于年代之后）
The Romans invaded England in 55 B.C.
A.D. = anno Domini(=in the yeare of the Lord=since Christ was born) 公元前（位于年代之前）
George I died in A.D. 1727.
Skin，Leather and Complexion
skin n. 人體的皮膚；指某人是什么顏色的皮膚（可與complexion互換）
We are wet to the skin.
He has a dark skin/complexion.
leather n. 皮革
Shoes made of real leather have become very expensive.
This sofa is made from real leather.
complexion n. 膚色
Look at her rosy cheeks. She has a lovely complexion.
Wax and Candle
wax n. 蠟（不可數(shù)名詞）
All the figures in this shop are made of wax.
candle n. 蠟燭（可數(shù)名詞）
I keep a candle by my bed in case the lights go out suddenly.