一.表示時(shí)間的介詞(部分見(jiàn)資料)
1. in, on, at在……(之時(shí))
①in與年、季節(jié)、月、年代、世紀(jì)及一般(泛指)的早、中、晚等較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的詞連用eg: in summer在夏天; in January在1月;in 2012 在2012年; in the morning在早上 in the 21st century
②on用于具體的某日或某特定日期的早、中、晚。
如:on August 8th在8月8日; on Monday在星期一; on New Year’s Day;
on a cold morning在一個(gè)寒冷的早晨;on Sunday afternoon在星期天下午。
③at表示某一時(shí)刻。
如:at 5∶10pm 在下午5∶10; at the beginning of在開(kāi)始時(shí);
at the end of...在……的末尾;at the age of...在……歲時(shí); at noon在中午;at the same time在同時(shí)。at night在晚上;
2. in, after 在……之后
“in +時(shí)間段”用于將來(lái)時(shí)之中;“after+時(shí)間段”用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)之中;“after+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”既可用于將來(lái)時(shí)也可用于過(guò)去時(shí)。如: Jim will go to Beijing in five days. 吉姆五天后會(huì)去北京。Jim went to Beijing after five days. 五天后,吉姆去了北京。Jim will go to Beijing after five o’clock. 吉姆會(huì)在五點(diǎn)鐘后去北京。
3. for, since
for可以指過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái),著重說(shuō)明“多久”, 后面接時(shí)間段。since意為“自從……起”,多與完成時(shí)連用,后面接時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句。since引導(dǎo)的從句通常為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:
He has lived here for 2 weeks. / He has lived here since 2 weeks ago. It’s five years since he left school.
4. after, behind 在……之后
after主要用于表示時(shí)間;behind主要用于表示位置。如:You should take a walk after dinner. /The picture is behind the door.
二.表示地理位置的介詞
1. in, on, to
1).in表示A地在B地范圍之內(nèi).(包含關(guān)系) 2).on表示A,B地接壤.(外切關(guān)系)
3).to表示A,B兩地有一定的間距.(外離關(guān)系)
Hubei is ___ the north of Hunan /Tanwan is ___ the southeast of China . /Japan is ___ the east of China .
2.at/in/on
1)at 接小地點(diǎn)或較具體的位置”。at home/ at the station 如:He arrived at school at 8 o’clock. 他8點(diǎn)鐘到學(xué)校
2)in 接在大地點(diǎn) in China; in the world ; He arrived in Wenzhou yesterday. (較大地點(diǎn))
3)on 表在一個(gè)平面上 on the farm
3. above, over, on 在……上
①above 指在……上方,表相對(duì)高度,不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否垂直,與 below相對(duì);
The bird is flying above my head. 鳥(niǎo)在我的頭上飛。
②over指在……正上方,表垂直的高度,與under相對(duì);There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座橋。
③on表示某物體上面并與之接觸。如:There is a book on the desk.
4. below, under 在……下面 ; under表示“在……正下方”; below表示“在……下,不一定在正下方”。如:
There is a dog under the desk./ Please write your name below the line.
5.in front of / in the front of
(1).in the front of 表示在…….內(nèi)部的前面 ;(2).in front of 表示在……外面的前面
There is a desk in _____ front of our classroom . There is a big tree in _____ front of our classroom.
Ⅲ.表運(yùn)動(dòng)方向和位置的介詞更多資料QQ378459309制作:
1. across / through / over / by 經(jīng)過(guò)
①across 指橫穿,穿過(guò). 表示動(dòng)作從某一物體表面上經(jīng)過(guò).②through 指穿過(guò),透過(guò),表示從某一物體空間內(nèi)通過(guò).
③over 表示從某人或某物的上空經(jīng)過(guò)或越過(guò),不與表面接觸. ④by/past 表示從某人/某物的旁邊經(jīng)過(guò).
Can you swim ______ the river ? / The elephant is so big that it can’t go _____ the gate .
I don’t think anyone can jump ___ the fence. / I walked _____ the bank of China yesterday .
2. between, among
① between指在兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)事物之間;There is a bank between the post office and the police station.
② among指在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物之間eg:The teacher is standing among the students.
3 . in, into, out of
①in:在……里面,用于表示靜止的位置。Her mother works in the hospital.
②into:進(jìn)入,用于表示有特定終點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向,經(jīng)常與表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞連用如,come, go, run, rush等。
The child ran into his mother’s arms. 這小孩跑進(jìn)了它媽媽的懷里
③out of:從……里出來(lái),與into一樣,也表示有一定的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向。如:
All the children rushed out of the classroom when the bell rang.
四.表示方式的介詞 with / in / by 表示 “用……”
1.with 表示 “用…” 一般指有形的工具 / 手段 / 人體器官.
He cut the apple into halves ____ a knife . 注: with 表伴隨, “帶有,含有”
He came in _____ a big smile on his face .
2.in a)表示用某種語(yǔ)言,方式,途徑. 或書寫/繪畫所用的材料..
Can you say it _____English ? / He wrote a letter ____ blue ink .
b)以…方式in this way 用這種方法 behave in a polite way
c)也可表交通方式travel in a car d)“穿著” in red穿紅色的衣服
3.by a)表示乘坐交通工具, travel by bus
b)以……方式、方法或手段 I study for a test _____ working with a group .
4. on a)通過(guò) study on the air/radio通過(guò)廣播學(xué)習(xí) b)乘坐on a bus/ on a bike
注意: 1).by phone = on the phone 2).by car = in a car 3).in pen = with a pen = with pens
五.范圍介詞
In 在。。。。里邊 in our class between 在兩者之間 between us
among 在三者或三者以上的中間 among students
besides 除了。。。之外還有(包括后面的賓語(yǔ))Tom,Jim besides Lily.
except 除了。。。之外(不包括后面的賓語(yǔ))Tom,Jim except Lily.
including包括 All the students including me.
六.介詞詞組辨析
1. on the tree /in the tree
①on the tree 表示 “樹(shù)上本身長(zhǎng)的東西” 在樹(shù)上. ②in the tree 表示 “外界的物體進(jìn)入樹(shù)中” 人或物在樹(shù)上.
There are some apples _____ the tree ./ There is a boy ____ the tree.
2.in the wall /on the wall
①in the wall 表示“門窗在墻上” ②on the wall 表示“某東西張貼或掛在墻上”
a picture the wall the window the wall
3. .except / besides / except for
1).except 除了…之外, 都… 不包括在范圍之內(nèi),排除同類的. We all went swimming except Lucy .
注: nothing but …除了…之外,什么也沒(méi)有. There is nothing but a letter in the box .
2).besides除了…之外,還有… 包括在范圍之內(nèi). We study Japanese and French besides English
3) except for 句中的主語(yǔ)與except for后的賓語(yǔ)不同類:
Smith is a good man, except for his bad temper. 史密斯除了脾氣不好外,是個(gè)好人
.4. .with / without
1).with具有,帶有 反義詞: without 沒(méi)有 詞組: with the help of = with one’s help 反義詞:without one’s help
2).without 的用法:A).without + sb./ sth. 沒(méi)有某人或某物
B).without + doing sth . He left here without____(say ) “Goodbye”to us
C). without sth 常與if 引導(dǎo)的否定的條件句. If there is no water , we can’t live .= We can’t live ______ _______ .
5. be made +介詞的區(qū)別:(見(jiàn)九上筆記)
be made of 由…制成 (看得見(jiàn)原材料);be made from由…制成 (看不見(jiàn)原材料)
be made in +地點(diǎn) 由哪兒生產(chǎn) ; be made by sb. 由某人制造
6. since / for 注: since / for 常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).
1).since : a).since +時(shí)間點(diǎn);b). 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+ since +一般過(guò)去時(shí);c).since +一段時(shí)間+ ago.
2)for: for +一段時(shí)間= since +一段時(shí)間+ ago
七.其他固定搭配
be full of充滿; be filled with裝滿……; be born in出生于; be sure of確信;
be used to 習(xí)慣于…; be late for遲到;be strict with sb對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格; be excited about對(duì)…感到激動(dòng)。
介詞與動(dòng)詞的固定搭配:
arrive in/at 到達(dá)大/小地方; agree with同意,贊同; ask for要求,請(qǐng)求。
catch up with 趕上,追上; come from 來(lái)自; do well in在……做得好;
decide on決定; fall behind 落后; get to 到達(dá); go to school去上學(xué);
get on with與某人相處; go on with sth.繼續(xù)做某事; go to bed(sleep)去睡覺(jué);
go to the cinema 去看電影; have nothing with 與……無(wú)關(guān); hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō);
hear from收到…來(lái)信; help...with...在(某方面)幫助; hand in 交上來(lái)。
九.不用介詞的情況:
1.當(dāng)時(shí)間狀為: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等時(shí),不用介詞. What are you going to do tonight ?
2.含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ). He went to Wuhan last week .
3.以all 開(kāi)頭的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前面不用介詞. He has worked all day .
4.以some ,any, one 等構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前不用介詞.
He met a bad man one cold morning .= He met a bad man a cold morning .
1. in, on, at在……(之時(shí))
①in與年、季節(jié)、月、年代、世紀(jì)及一般(泛指)的早、中、晚等較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的詞連用eg: in summer在夏天; in January在1月;in 2012 在2012年; in the morning在早上 in the 21st century
②on用于具體的某日或某特定日期的早、中、晚。
如:on August 8th在8月8日; on Monday在星期一; on New Year’s Day;
on a cold morning在一個(gè)寒冷的早晨;on Sunday afternoon在星期天下午。
③at表示某一時(shí)刻。
如:at 5∶10pm 在下午5∶10; at the beginning of在開(kāi)始時(shí);
at the end of...在……的末尾;at the age of...在……歲時(shí); at noon在中午;at the same time在同時(shí)。at night在晚上;
2. in, after 在……之后
“in +時(shí)間段”用于將來(lái)時(shí)之中;“after+時(shí)間段”用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)之中;“after+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”既可用于將來(lái)時(shí)也可用于過(guò)去時(shí)。如: Jim will go to Beijing in five days. 吉姆五天后會(huì)去北京。Jim went to Beijing after five days. 五天后,吉姆去了北京。Jim will go to Beijing after five o’clock. 吉姆會(huì)在五點(diǎn)鐘后去北京。
3. for, since
for可以指過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái),著重說(shuō)明“多久”, 后面接時(shí)間段。since意為“自從……起”,多與完成時(shí)連用,后面接時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句。since引導(dǎo)的從句通常為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:
He has lived here for 2 weeks. / He has lived here since 2 weeks ago. It’s five years since he left school.
4. after, behind 在……之后
after主要用于表示時(shí)間;behind主要用于表示位置。如:You should take a walk after dinner. /The picture is behind the door.
二.表示地理位置的介詞
1. in, on, to
1).in表示A地在B地范圍之內(nèi).(包含關(guān)系) 2).on表示A,B地接壤.(外切關(guān)系)
3).to表示A,B兩地有一定的間距.(外離關(guān)系)
Hubei is ___ the north of Hunan /Tanwan is ___ the southeast of China . /Japan is ___ the east of China .
2.at/in/on
1)at 接小地點(diǎn)或較具體的位置”。at home/ at the station 如:He arrived at school at 8 o’clock. 他8點(diǎn)鐘到學(xué)校
2)in 接在大地點(diǎn) in China; in the world ; He arrived in Wenzhou yesterday. (較大地點(diǎn))
3)on 表在一個(gè)平面上 on the farm
3. above, over, on 在……上
①above 指在……上方,表相對(duì)高度,不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否垂直,與 below相對(duì);
The bird is flying above my head. 鳥(niǎo)在我的頭上飛。
②over指在……正上方,表垂直的高度,與under相對(duì);There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座橋。
③on表示某物體上面并與之接觸。如:There is a book on the desk.
4. below, under 在……下面 ; under表示“在……正下方”; below表示“在……下,不一定在正下方”。如:
There is a dog under the desk./ Please write your name below the line.
5.in front of / in the front of
(1).in the front of 表示在…….內(nèi)部的前面 ;(2).in front of 表示在……外面的前面
There is a desk in _____ front of our classroom . There is a big tree in _____ front of our classroom.
Ⅲ.表運(yùn)動(dòng)方向和位置的介詞更多資料QQ378459309制作:
1. across / through / over / by 經(jīng)過(guò)
①across 指橫穿,穿過(guò). 表示動(dòng)作從某一物體表面上經(jīng)過(guò).②through 指穿過(guò),透過(guò),表示從某一物體空間內(nèi)通過(guò).
③over 表示從某人或某物的上空經(jīng)過(guò)或越過(guò),不與表面接觸. ④by/past 表示從某人/某物的旁邊經(jīng)過(guò).
Can you swim ______ the river ? / The elephant is so big that it can’t go _____ the gate .
I don’t think anyone can jump ___ the fence. / I walked _____ the bank of China yesterday .
2. between, among
① between指在兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)事物之間;There is a bank between the post office and the police station.
② among指在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物之間eg:The teacher is standing among the students.
3 . in, into, out of
①in:在……里面,用于表示靜止的位置。Her mother works in the hospital.
②into:進(jìn)入,用于表示有特定終點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向,經(jīng)常與表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞連用如,come, go, run, rush等。
The child ran into his mother’s arms. 這小孩跑進(jìn)了它媽媽的懷里
③out of:從……里出來(lái),與into一樣,也表示有一定的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向。如:
All the children rushed out of the classroom when the bell rang.
四.表示方式的介詞 with / in / by 表示 “用……”
1.with 表示 “用…” 一般指有形的工具 / 手段 / 人體器官.
He cut the apple into halves ____ a knife . 注: with 表伴隨, “帶有,含有”
He came in _____ a big smile on his face .
2.in a)表示用某種語(yǔ)言,方式,途徑. 或書寫/繪畫所用的材料..
Can you say it _____English ? / He wrote a letter ____ blue ink .
b)以…方式in this way 用這種方法 behave in a polite way
c)也可表交通方式travel in a car d)“穿著” in red穿紅色的衣服
3.by a)表示乘坐交通工具, travel by bus
b)以……方式、方法或手段 I study for a test _____ working with a group .
4. on a)通過(guò) study on the air/radio通過(guò)廣播學(xué)習(xí) b)乘坐on a bus/ on a bike
注意: 1).by phone = on the phone 2).by car = in a car 3).in pen = with a pen = with pens
五.范圍介詞
In 在。。。。里邊 in our class between 在兩者之間 between us
among 在三者或三者以上的中間 among students
besides 除了。。。之外還有(包括后面的賓語(yǔ))Tom,Jim besides Lily.
except 除了。。。之外(不包括后面的賓語(yǔ))Tom,Jim except Lily.
including包括 All the students including me.
六.介詞詞組辨析
1. on the tree /in the tree
①on the tree 表示 “樹(shù)上本身長(zhǎng)的東西” 在樹(shù)上. ②in the tree 表示 “外界的物體進(jìn)入樹(shù)中” 人或物在樹(shù)上.
There are some apples _____ the tree ./ There is a boy ____ the tree.
2.in the wall /on the wall
①in the wall 表示“門窗在墻上” ②on the wall 表示“某東西張貼或掛在墻上”
a picture the wall the window the wall
3. .except / besides / except for
1).except 除了…之外, 都… 不包括在范圍之內(nèi),排除同類的. We all went swimming except Lucy .
注: nothing but …除了…之外,什么也沒(méi)有. There is nothing but a letter in the box .
2).besides除了…之外,還有… 包括在范圍之內(nèi). We study Japanese and French besides English
3) except for 句中的主語(yǔ)與except for后的賓語(yǔ)不同類:
Smith is a good man, except for his bad temper. 史密斯除了脾氣不好外,是個(gè)好人
.4. .with / without
1).with具有,帶有 反義詞: without 沒(méi)有 詞組: with the help of = with one’s help 反義詞:without one’s help
2).without 的用法:A).without + sb./ sth. 沒(méi)有某人或某物
B).without + doing sth . He left here without____(say ) “Goodbye”to us
C). without sth 常與if 引導(dǎo)的否定的條件句. If there is no water , we can’t live .= We can’t live ______ _______ .
5. be made +介詞的區(qū)別:(見(jiàn)九上筆記)
be made of 由…制成 (看得見(jiàn)原材料);be made from由…制成 (看不見(jiàn)原材料)
be made in +地點(diǎn) 由哪兒生產(chǎn) ; be made by sb. 由某人制造
6. since / for 注: since / for 常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).
1).since : a).since +時(shí)間點(diǎn);b). 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+ since +一般過(guò)去時(shí);c).since +一段時(shí)間+ ago.
2)for: for +一段時(shí)間= since +一段時(shí)間+ ago
七.其他固定搭配
be full of充滿; be filled with裝滿……; be born in出生于; be sure of確信;
be used to 習(xí)慣于…; be late for遲到;be strict with sb對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格; be excited about對(duì)…感到激動(dòng)。
介詞與動(dòng)詞的固定搭配:
arrive in/at 到達(dá)大/小地方; agree with同意,贊同; ask for要求,請(qǐng)求。
catch up with 趕上,追上; come from 來(lái)自; do well in在……做得好;
decide on決定; fall behind 落后; get to 到達(dá); go to school去上學(xué);
get on with與某人相處; go on with sth.繼續(xù)做某事; go to bed(sleep)去睡覺(jué);
go to the cinema 去看電影; have nothing with 與……無(wú)關(guān); hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō);
hear from收到…來(lái)信; help...with...在(某方面)幫助; hand in 交上來(lái)。
九.不用介詞的情況:
1.當(dāng)時(shí)間狀為: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等時(shí),不用介詞. What are you going to do tonight ?
2.含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ). He went to Wuhan last week .
3.以all 開(kāi)頭的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前面不用介詞. He has worked all day .
4.以some ,any, one 等構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前不用介詞.
He met a bad man one cold morning .= He met a bad man a cold morning .

