1、連詞的含義：連詞是一種虛詞，不承擔(dān)句子的任何成分，是一種連接詞與詞、短語與短語、或引導(dǎo)從句的詞。
2、連詞的分類：連詞分為并列連接詞和從屬連接詞兩種。
①、并列連接詞連接并列的詞、短語、從句或句子。常見有：and(和),but(但是),or(或者,否則),nor(也不), so(所以), however(然而,無論如何),for(因?yàn)?,still(可是),as well as(也), both...and...(...和...), not only ...but also...(不但…而且…), either… or…(或…或…),neither… nor…(既不…也不…)等。
補(bǔ)充：(1)表并列關(guān)系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。
(2)表選擇關(guān)系的or, either…or等。(3)表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but, while等。(4)表因果關(guān)系的for, so等。
②、從屬連接詞用于引導(dǎo)從句,常見的有：
when(當(dāng)…時(shí)候), while(正當(dāng)…時(shí)候), after(在…之后), before(在…之前), since(自從), until(直到), although/though(雖然), if(假如), as(如…一樣；由于), as …as…(和…一樣), as far as(就…而言), as long as(只要), as soon as(一…就…), even if(即使), because(因?yàn)?, unless (除非), than(比…), whether (是否…), in order that…(為了), so…that…(如此…以致), so that…(以便), now that…(現(xiàn)在既然), by the time…(到…時(shí)候), every time…(每當(dāng)), as if…(好像),no matter when(或whenever)(無論何時(shí)),no matter where(或wherever)(無論在哪里)等。
補(bǔ)充：(1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。
(2)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的if, unless等。 (3)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的because, as, since等。
(4)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的so that, in order that等。 (5)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的though, although, even if等。
(6)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的so that, so…that, such…that等。 (7)引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的than, as…as等。
(8)引導(dǎo)名詞從句的that, if , whether等。
［辨析］ ：
(1)Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. (快點(diǎn)，否則你會(huì)錯(cuò)過火車) Hurry up, and you’ll catch the train. (快點(diǎn)，你會(huì)趕上火車的)
(2) not only ...but also...(不但…而且…), either… or…(或…或…),neither… nor…(既不…也不…)，這三個(gè)連詞詞組都可連接兩個(gè)并列成分。當(dāng)它們連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要隨相鄰的主語變化。例:
Either you or he is wrong. /Neither he nor his children like fish.不但他不喜歡而且他的孩子也不喜歡魚。
Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book.不但老師而且學(xué)生想買這本書。
(3) because、as、since、for的用法：
①because(因?yàn)?，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。表示原因的語氣,常表示必然的因果關(guān)系,從句常放主句后面；回答why的問句只能用because. eg：He is not at school today because he is seriously ill.
②as(因?yàn)?，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。表示一般的因果關(guān)系,語氣比because弱,說明比較明顯的原因,它引導(dǎo)的從句放在句首，句尾都可以。As all of you have got here, now, let’s go to the zoo.
③since(既然)，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句表示對(duì)方已經(jīng)知道、無需加以說明的原因或事實(shí)。
I will ask Lin Tao to go with me since you are very busy. 更多資料QQ378459309制作：
④for(因?yàn)?是并列連詞, 引導(dǎo)并列句。語氣較弱,用來補(bǔ)充說明理由或提供一種解釋，只能放在主句后面。
We must be off now for the match starts at 7：00.
★(4)if、whether的區(qū)別：
相同點(diǎn)：表示“是否”時(shí),if和whether同義,引導(dǎo)賓語從句, I don’t know if/whether he will arrive on time.
不同點(diǎn)：①whether提出兩種選擇時(shí)要用whether，不用if. 如Let me know whether he can come or not.
②在不定式前或介詞后只用whether. eg: Please ask him whether to go there with a raincoat or not.
I have not settled the question of whether I will go home.
③whether與or not連用時(shí), if不可以
④whether引導(dǎo)主語從句或表語從句,
Whether it is a fine day next Sunday is still a question. / The question is whether he will go.
⑤If “是否”意思不能放句首，whether可以. eg: Whether she is at home, I can not say.
⑥而if還可以表示“如果”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,(主句與從句遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則)。
I will ring you up if he arrives on time.
(5)while、when、as的用法區(qū)別：
①while常表示一個(gè)較長的動(dòng)作,它引導(dǎo)的從句動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的、是平行的；
②when可表較短的動(dòng)作也可表較長的動(dòng)作,主句和從句的動(dòng)作可同時(shí)發(fā)生也可先后發(fā)生；
③as與上兩詞同義,可替換while和when,表示主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,常譯為“一邊…一邊……”，主句從句均為短動(dòng)作時(shí)也常用as。
Please do not trouble me while I am writing my homework. / I’ll go home when I have finished my job. They were running quickly across the road when they heard the sound of a truck coming.
As we walked in the dark street, we sang songs and talked loudly.
(6)till/until與not…till/until的區(qū)別：
till/until (肯定)主句常是一個(gè)延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作, not…till/until（否定）主句常是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作。(都是引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，符合主將從現(xiàn)的原則)
如：①I will stay here and watch the baby until you return.（我會(huì)呆在這里看著娃娃直到你回來）(stay這個(gè)動(dòng)作是一個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)作，一直進(jìn)行到你return)
②I won’t go to bed until my father comes back.
（直到我父親回來我才會(huì)去睡覺，go是一個(gè)短動(dòng)作）
③ I didn’t go to bed until my father came back.（直到我父親回來我才去睡覺，
從句動(dòng)作應(yīng)該在主句動(dòng)作前發(fā)生，也就是先父親先回來,我才去睡覺）
④ He didn’t tell me anything_______ he left. (青島試題)
A. until B. before C. after D. Since
另外till與until基本可以互換,但是在句首時(shí)只能用until,不能用till.
如：Until the last minute of the match we kept playing.
Not until he had finished his work did he go home.（直到做完工作他才回家）（倒裝句）
(7)though與although的區(qū)別：
①兩個(gè)詞都表示“雖然”,均不可以與but同時(shí)使用,但在句中可加still或yet連用。
He passed the exams although illness prevented him from going to classes.
②although“盡管、雖然”僅作連詞,比較正式,一般可換為though；
③though“雖然、盡管、即使”,可與even連用(even though= ),表示“即使、縱然”,
She won’t leave the TV set, even though her husband is waiting for her for the supper.
④though還可作副詞時(shí)意思是“然而、不過”,不能放在句首。
It was a quiet party. I had a good time, though.（這是個(gè)不熱鬧的聚會(huì)盡管如此我還是玩得很開心）
(8)prefer to…rather than…與prefer…to…的區(qū)別：
①prefer to do sth rather than do sth寧愿做某事，而不愿做某事情
I prefer to learn English rather than learn Japanese.
②prefer…to…都是用動(dòng)名詞或名詞。
I prefer English to Japanese. / I prefer staying at home to going swimming.
9） so…that中的so是個(gè)副詞，其后只能跟形容詞或副詞，而such...that中的such是個(gè)形容詞，后接名詞或名詞短語。例如：I’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther.我很累，因此不想再走了。
It was such a hot day that he went swimming.如此熱的天氣，以至于他去游泳。
2) 如果在名詞之前有many, much, little, few時(shí)，用so,不用such。例如：
He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.他受到得教育很少以致于他找不到工作。
2、連詞的分類：連詞分為并列連接詞和從屬連接詞兩種。
①、并列連接詞連接并列的詞、短語、從句或句子。常見有：and(和),but(但是),or(或者,否則),nor(也不), so(所以), however(然而,無論如何),for(因?yàn)?,still(可是),as well as(也), both...and...(...和...), not only ...but also...(不但…而且…), either… or…(或…或…),neither… nor…(既不…也不…)等。
補(bǔ)充：(1)表并列關(guān)系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。
(2)表選擇關(guān)系的or, either…or等。(3)表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but, while等。(4)表因果關(guān)系的for, so等。
②、從屬連接詞用于引導(dǎo)從句,常見的有：
when(當(dāng)…時(shí)候), while(正當(dāng)…時(shí)候), after(在…之后), before(在…之前), since(自從), until(直到), although/though(雖然), if(假如), as(如…一樣；由于), as …as…(和…一樣), as far as(就…而言), as long as(只要), as soon as(一…就…), even if(即使), because(因?yàn)?, unless (除非), than(比…), whether (是否…), in order that…(為了), so…that…(如此…以致), so that…(以便), now that…(現(xiàn)在既然), by the time…(到…時(shí)候), every time…(每當(dāng)), as if…(好像),no matter when(或whenever)(無論何時(shí)),no matter where(或wherever)(無論在哪里)等。
補(bǔ)充：(1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。
(2)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的if, unless等。 (3)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的because, as, since等。
(4)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的so that, in order that等。 (5)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的though, although, even if等。
(6)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的so that, so…that, such…that等。 (7)引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的than, as…as等。
(8)引導(dǎo)名詞從句的that, if , whether等。
［辨析］ ：
(1)Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. (快點(diǎn)，否則你會(huì)錯(cuò)過火車) Hurry up, and you’ll catch the train. (快點(diǎn)，你會(huì)趕上火車的)
(2) not only ...but also...(不但…而且…), either… or…(或…或…),neither… nor…(既不…也不…)，這三個(gè)連詞詞組都可連接兩個(gè)并列成分。當(dāng)它們連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要隨相鄰的主語變化。例:
Either you or he is wrong. /Neither he nor his children like fish.不但他不喜歡而且他的孩子也不喜歡魚。
Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book.不但老師而且學(xué)生想買這本書。
(3) because、as、since、for的用法：
①because(因?yàn)?，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。表示原因的語氣,常表示必然的因果關(guān)系,從句常放主句后面；回答why的問句只能用because. eg：He is not at school today because he is seriously ill.
②as(因?yàn)?，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。表示一般的因果關(guān)系,語氣比because弱,說明比較明顯的原因,它引導(dǎo)的從句放在句首，句尾都可以。As all of you have got here, now, let’s go to the zoo.
③since(既然)，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句表示對(duì)方已經(jīng)知道、無需加以說明的原因或事實(shí)。
I will ask Lin Tao to go with me since you are very busy. 更多資料QQ378459309制作：
④for(因?yàn)?是并列連詞, 引導(dǎo)并列句。語氣較弱,用來補(bǔ)充說明理由或提供一種解釋，只能放在主句后面。
We must be off now for the match starts at 7：00.
★(4)if、whether的區(qū)別：
相同點(diǎn)：表示“是否”時(shí),if和whether同義,引導(dǎo)賓語從句, I don’t know if/whether he will arrive on time.
不同點(diǎn)：①whether提出兩種選擇時(shí)要用whether，不用if. 如Let me know whether he can come or not.
②在不定式前或介詞后只用whether. eg: Please ask him whether to go there with a raincoat or not.
I have not settled the question of whether I will go home.
③whether與or not連用時(shí), if不可以
④whether引導(dǎo)主語從句或表語從句,
Whether it is a fine day next Sunday is still a question. / The question is whether he will go.
⑤If “是否”意思不能放句首，whether可以. eg: Whether she is at home, I can not say.
⑥而if還可以表示“如果”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,(主句與從句遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則)。
I will ring you up if he arrives on time.
(5)while、when、as的用法區(qū)別：
①while常表示一個(gè)較長的動(dòng)作,它引導(dǎo)的從句動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的、是平行的；
②when可表較短的動(dòng)作也可表較長的動(dòng)作,主句和從句的動(dòng)作可同時(shí)發(fā)生也可先后發(fā)生；
③as與上兩詞同義,可替換while和when,表示主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,常譯為“一邊…一邊……”，主句從句均為短動(dòng)作時(shí)也常用as。
Please do not trouble me while I am writing my homework. / I’ll go home when I have finished my job. They were running quickly across the road when they heard the sound of a truck coming.
As we walked in the dark street, we sang songs and talked loudly.
(6)till/until與not…till/until的區(qū)別：
till/until (肯定)主句常是一個(gè)延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作, not…till/until（否定）主句常是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作。(都是引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，符合主將從現(xiàn)的原則)
如：①I will stay here and watch the baby until you return.（我會(huì)呆在這里看著娃娃直到你回來）(stay這個(gè)動(dòng)作是一個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)作，一直進(jìn)行到你return)
②I won’t go to bed until my father comes back.
（直到我父親回來我才會(huì)去睡覺，go是一個(gè)短動(dòng)作）
③ I didn’t go to bed until my father came back.（直到我父親回來我才去睡覺，
從句動(dòng)作應(yīng)該在主句動(dòng)作前發(fā)生，也就是先父親先回來,我才去睡覺）
④ He didn’t tell me anything_______ he left. (青島試題)
A. until B. before C. after D. Since
另外till與until基本可以互換,但是在句首時(shí)只能用until,不能用till.
如：Until the last minute of the match we kept playing.
Not until he had finished his work did he go home.（直到做完工作他才回家）（倒裝句）
(7)though與although的區(qū)別：
①兩個(gè)詞都表示“雖然”,均不可以與but同時(shí)使用,但在句中可加still或yet連用。
He passed the exams although illness prevented him from going to classes.
②although“盡管、雖然”僅作連詞,比較正式,一般可換為though；
③though“雖然、盡管、即使”,可與even連用(even though= ),表示“即使、縱然”,
She won’t leave the TV set, even though her husband is waiting for her for the supper.
④though還可作副詞時(shí)意思是“然而、不過”,不能放在句首。
It was a quiet party. I had a good time, though.（這是個(gè)不熱鬧的聚會(huì)盡管如此我還是玩得很開心）
(8)prefer to…rather than…與prefer…to…的區(qū)別：
①prefer to do sth rather than do sth寧愿做某事，而不愿做某事情
I prefer to learn English rather than learn Japanese.
②prefer…to…都是用動(dòng)名詞或名詞。
I prefer English to Japanese. / I prefer staying at home to going swimming.
9） so…that中的so是個(gè)副詞，其后只能跟形容詞或副詞，而such...that中的such是個(gè)形容詞，后接名詞或名詞短語。例如：I’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther.我很累，因此不想再走了。
It was such a hot day that he went swimming.如此熱的天氣，以至于他去游泳。
2) 如果在名詞之前有many, much, little, few時(shí)，用so,不用such。例如：
He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.他受到得教育很少以致于他找不到工作。