一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)如下表（以動(dòng)詞do為例）：
時(shí)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 例句
主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) do/does am/is/are+done We clean the classroom.． The classroom is cleaned by us．
一般過去時(shí) did was/were+done He made the kite． The kite was made by him．
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are+doing am/is/are+being done She is watering flowers． Flower are being watered by her ．
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has+done have/has+been done Jim has finished the work． The work has been finished by Jim．
一般將來時(shí) will/shall/be going to+do will/shall/be going to+be done They will plant trees tomorrow． Trees will be planted by them tomorrow．
過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were+doing was/were+being done She was writing a letter this time yesterday． A letter was being written by her this time yesterday．
過去完成時(shí) had+done had+been done Jim had finished the work． The work had been finished．
過去將來時(shí) would/should/be going to+do would/should/be going to+be done He said he would make a kite． He said a kite would be made by him．
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can/may/must+do can/may/must+be done I can find him． He can be found by me．
一．被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，主要用于下列幾種情況：
（1）不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如：This watch is made in China．更多資料QQ378459309制作：
（2）沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如：More trees must be planted every year．。
（3）需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。如：Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world．
（4）句子的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：Many houses were washed away by the food．
二、主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換
1．主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)
（1）要將主動(dòng)句里的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語，若主動(dòng)句中的賓語是人稱代詞，要將賓語變成主格。
（2）把主動(dòng)句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的賓語，主格變成賓格，并用by引導(dǎo)。
（3）謂語動(dòng)詞變成相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式。
主動(dòng)語態(tài)： 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式+動(dòng)作承受者
被動(dòng)語態(tài)： 動(dòng)作承受者+謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)形式+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者
如：We asked him to sing an English song．(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)) →He was asked to sing an English song by us．
2．帶雙賓語的謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)
謂語動(dòng)詞帶雙賓語時(shí)，既可以將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，也可以將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語。若將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語，則保留直接賓語；若將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語則保留間接賓語，且在被保留的間接賓語前加上介詞to或for。如：She gave me a book．(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)) →I was given a book by her．(間接賓語me改為了主語)
A book was given to me by her．(直接賓語a book 改為了主語)
3．動(dòng)詞短語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)
許多由動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語，也可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語的介詞或副詞。如：We should speak to old men politely．(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài))
Old men should be spoken to politely．(to不可省略)
4．帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)
賓語加上賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只把賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在原處，成為主語補(bǔ)足語。如：I heard Jane playing the piano in her room．(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)) →Jane was heard playing the piano in her room．
5．變被動(dòng)語態(tài)后動(dòng)詞形式的選擇
主動(dòng)句中在感官動(dòng)詞see，hear，watch，feel，notice等，及使役動(dòng)詞let，make，have等后跟省略to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)加上不定式符號(hào)to。如：He makes the girl stay at home．（變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)）→The girl is made to stay at home by him．
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)如下表（以動(dòng)詞do為例）：
時(shí)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 例句
主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) do/does am/is/are+done We clean the classroom.． The classroom is cleaned by us．
一般過去時(shí) did was/were+done He made the kite． The kite was made by him．
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are+doing am/is/are+being done She is watering flowers． Flower are being watered by her ．
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has+done have/has+been done Jim has finished the work． The work has been finished by Jim．
一般將來時(shí) will/shall/be going to+do will/shall/be going to+be done They will plant trees tomorrow． Trees will be planted by them tomorrow．
過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were+doing was/were+being done She was writing a letter this time yesterday． A letter was being written by her this time yesterday．
過去完成時(shí) had+done had+been done Jim had finished the work． The work had been finished．
過去將來時(shí) would/should/be going to+do would/should/be going to+be done He said he would make a kite． He said a kite would be made by him．
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can/may/must+do can/may/must+be done I can find him． He can be found by me．
一．被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，主要用于下列幾種情況：
（1）不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如：This watch is made in China．更多資料QQ378459309制作：
（2）沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如：More trees must be planted every year．。
（3）需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。如：Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world．
（4）句子的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：Many houses were washed away by the food．
二、主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換
1．主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)
（1）要將主動(dòng)句里的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語，若主動(dòng)句中的賓語是人稱代詞，要將賓語變成主格。
（2）把主動(dòng)句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的賓語，主格變成賓格，并用by引導(dǎo)。
（3）謂語動(dòng)詞變成相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式。
主動(dòng)語態(tài)： 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式+動(dòng)作承受者
被動(dòng)語態(tài)： 動(dòng)作承受者+謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)形式+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者
如：We asked him to sing an English song．(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)) →He was asked to sing an English song by us．
2．帶雙賓語的謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)
謂語動(dòng)詞帶雙賓語時(shí)，既可以將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，也可以將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語。若將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語，則保留直接賓語；若將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語則保留間接賓語，且在被保留的間接賓語前加上介詞to或for。如：She gave me a book．(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)) →I was given a book by her．(間接賓語me改為了主語)
A book was given to me by her．(直接賓語a book 改為了主語)
3．動(dòng)詞短語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)
許多由動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語，也可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語的介詞或副詞。如：We should speak to old men politely．(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài))
Old men should be spoken to politely．(to不可省略)
4．帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)
賓語加上賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只把賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在原處，成為主語補(bǔ)足語。如：I heard Jane playing the piano in her room．(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)) →Jane was heard playing the piano in her room．
5．變被動(dòng)語態(tài)后動(dòng)詞形式的選擇
主動(dòng)句中在感官動(dòng)詞see，hear，watch，feel，notice等，及使役動(dòng)詞let，make，have等后跟省略to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)加上不定式符號(hào)to。如：He makes the girl stay at home．（變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)）→The girl is made to stay at home by him．