Lesson 90 What's for supper?
【New words and expressions】（15）
chip n. 油煎土豆片
overfish v. 過度捕撈
giant adj. 巨大的
terrify v. 嚇，使恐怖
diver n. 潛小員
oil rig 石油鉆塔
wit n. （復(fù)數(shù)）理智，頭腦
cage n. 籠
shark n. 鯊魚
whale n. 鯨
variety n. 品種
cod n. 鱈
skate n. 鰩
factor n. 因素
crew n. 全體工作人員
★overfish v. 過度捕撈
over 做前綴，表示“過度的”
overdressed 打扮的過了份 ；well-dressed 打扮的很好
I overcook the rice. 我把飯做糊了。
You overdid it. 你過分了。
★giant adj. 巨大的
giant = huge quantity
big/large/great/huge/immense/fantastic
tremendous adj. 巨大的（大的讓人不相信，驚訝）
enormous adj. 巨大的（大的讓人不相信，驚訝）
This is a tremendous shoe.
This is tremendous and enormous.
giant n. 巨人；adj. 像巨人一樣的
★terrify v. 嚇，使恐怖
terrify/horrify 恐懼（主語是嚇人者，賓語是被嚇者）
The thief/robber terrified me.
The snake terrified me.
fear/be afraid of 害怕……（主語是人）
frighten/scare 嚇了一跳（主語是物，嚇了一跳，但很快就恢復(fù)了平靜，主語是嚇人者，賓語是被嚇者）
You frighten me. 你嚇了我一跳
★wit n.（復(fù)數(shù)）理智，頭腦
out of one's wits 嚇個半死
The snake terrified me out of my wits.
She was frightened out of her wits by the great fire. 大火嚇得她驚慌失措。
Are you out of your wits? 你瘋了嗎？
beat sb. to mummy 打個半死，失去理智，驚慌失措
★variety n. 品種（品種的多樣性）
variety show 綜藝節(jié)目
various = all kinds of adj. 各種各樣的
★crew n. 全體工作人員（指在飛機(jī)上或船上的工作人員）
staff n. 辦公室的全體工作人員
crew 和staff 屬于集合名詞，可能會做單數(shù)，可能會做復(fù)數(shù)。
★special
① adj. 特殊的，特別的，獨(dú)特的
He received special care while in Paris.
② adj. 專門的，特制的，專用的
Special cages are made to protect them from giant fish.
【Text】
Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain, but as the oceans have been overfished, fish has become more and more expensive. So it comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs. Oil rigs have to be repaired frequently and divers, who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water, have been frightened out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them as they work. Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters. The fish are not sharks or killer whales, but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length. Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large: the warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea; the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs; the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs. As a result, the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water. Who eats who?
參考譯文
油煎魚加炸土豆片一直是英國人喜愛的一道菜，但是隨著海洋里的濫捕濫撈，魚已經(jīng)變得越來越昂貴。因此，聽說北海石油鉆井平臺上的潛水員受到巨型魚類的恐嚇，確實(shí)很讓人吃驚。鉆井平臺需要經(jīng)常修理，潛水員常常要在水面100英尺以下摸黑工作，他們曾在工作時被撞到他們身上的大魚嚇得驚惶失措?，F(xiàn)在他們有了特制的籠子，用來保護(hù)他們免受大魚的侵襲。這些魚并不是鯊魚或逆戟鯨，而是深受人們喜愛的食用魚品種，如鱈魚和鰩魚，只不過它們長得出奇地大，有時長達(dá)12英尺。這些魚能長得這么大是由3個因素造成的：海底熱的輸油管道附近的溫暖的海水；鉆井平臺工作人員拋到海里充足的食物；鉆井平臺周圍根本沒有捕魚船只。結(jié)果是，這些魚就在可愛的溫暖的水流中吃呀吃，長呀長。究竟誰吃誰呢？
【課文講解】
1、What's for supper?
What's for breakfast?
I have eggs/nothing for breakfast.
2、Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain, but as the oceans have been overfished, fish has become more and more expensive.
fish and chips（魚和炸土豆片，傳統(tǒng)英國食物，是一道菜）被看作是一個整體，因此，雖然 chips 是復(fù)數(shù)形式，它后面卻要跟動詞的單數(shù)形式。
dish 在這里指“一盤菜”或“菜肴”、“食品”：
I like French dishes. 我喜歡（吃）法國菜。
Would you like a sweet dish? 您要一盤甜食嗎？
more and more 越來越……（多音節(jié)用more and more 加原級）
more and more interesting
I love you more and more each day as time goes by.
隨著時間的流逝我每一天越來越愛你。
fatter and fatter 越來越胖（單音節(jié)直接加er,然后用and 連接）
3、So it comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs.
it comes as a surprise + to do sth. /that 某事令人驚訝
It comes as a surprise that it rains/snows.
It comes as a surprise to have four lessons in three hours.
令人吃驚的表達(dá)：
① to one’s surprise
② The most surprising thing about it is that
③ get a surprise
④ What a surprise it is
⑤ It comes as a surprise + to do sth. /that
4、Oil rigs have to be repaired frequently and divers, who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water, have been frightened out of their wits by giant fight bumping into them as they work.
bump into
① 碰上，撞上
Wandering in darkness, the drunk bumped into a policeman.
那醉漢在黑夜中閑蕩時撞到了一個警察的身上。
② 偶然遇見，碰見（多用于口語）
I bumped into Jane at the conference. 我開會時碰見了簡。
5、Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters.
protect sb. from + n. 保護(hù)……使之不受侵害（protect常與from或against連用）
This coat will protect you against the cold.
He tried to protect the child from the rain/the dog.
6、The fish are not sharks or killer whales, but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length.
not…but… 不是……而是……
eating adj. 供食用的；宜生食的
favourite eating variety 深受人們喜愛的食用的品種
Eating corn is quite sweet. 食用玉米很香甜。
These are eating apples, and those are cooking apples/ones.
這些是生吃的蘋果，那些是烹飪用的蘋果。
grow to 長到
as much as 像……一樣（大限度）+ 數(shù)字
as much as five meters tall
as far as + 從句
as far as I could get
長寬高深的表達(dá)方式
① 數(shù)詞 + 量詞 +adj.
two feet deep
② 數(shù)詞 + 量詞 + in + 名詞
long - length ；high - height ；wide – width ；deep - depth
two feet in depth
7、Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large: the warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea; the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs; the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs.
cause sb. to do sth. 導(dǎo)致……
grow + adj. 變得……
grow large
plentiful supply of… ……的充足供應(yīng)
plentiful supply of money/workers
throw sth. overboard = throw away 扔掉
throw the rubbish overboard
total在這里表示“完全的，徹底的”（相當(dāng)于complete）
His letter is a total surprise to her.
That girl is a total stranger to me.
absence of 缺少，不存在
These plants don’t grow well because of the absence of rain/sunshine.
total absence of… 完全沒有……
total absence of mind 心不在焉
The total absence of mind caused him to fail the exam.
the total absence of order… 沒有秩序
8、As a result, the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water.
as a result = so 結(jié)果是，因此
He didn’t work hard at mathematics. As a result, he failed in the examination.
as a result of = because of 因?yàn)椤?BR> As a result of his hard work, he succeeded.
【Special Difficulties】
被看作整體的、用and連接的兩個名詞
當(dāng)主語是and連接的兩個名詞時，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式：
An umbrella and a suitcase are still needed.
有些名詞由于經(jīng)常在一起連用，就把它們看成一個整體（或一個單位），因而成了一種復(fù)合名詞。它們不僅有固定的詞序，且后面的謂語動詞通常要用單數(shù)形式。這類復(fù)合名詞有：bacon and eggs（咸肉和雞蛋），bread and butter（面包和黃油），cheese and wine（奶酷和葡萄酒），fish and chips（魚和油炸土豆片），a knife and fork（一副刀叉），sausage(s) and mash（香腸和土豆泥）。通常被作為單數(shù)看待的有一道菜和一套東西。
Fish and chips is a popular meal in Britain.
如果把兩個名詞看成是分開的東西，動詞就要用復(fù)數(shù)：
Fish and chips make a good meal.
【New words and expressions】（15）
chip n. 油煎土豆片
overfish v. 過度捕撈
giant adj. 巨大的
terrify v. 嚇，使恐怖
diver n. 潛小員
oil rig 石油鉆塔
wit n. （復(fù)數(shù)）理智，頭腦
cage n. 籠
shark n. 鯊魚
whale n. 鯨
variety n. 品種
cod n. 鱈
skate n. 鰩
factor n. 因素
crew n. 全體工作人員
★overfish v. 過度捕撈
over 做前綴，表示“過度的”
overdressed 打扮的過了份 ；well-dressed 打扮的很好
I overcook the rice. 我把飯做糊了。
You overdid it. 你過分了。
★giant adj. 巨大的
giant = huge quantity
big/large/great/huge/immense/fantastic
tremendous adj. 巨大的（大的讓人不相信，驚訝）
enormous adj. 巨大的（大的讓人不相信，驚訝）
This is a tremendous shoe.
This is tremendous and enormous.
giant n. 巨人；adj. 像巨人一樣的
★terrify v. 嚇，使恐怖
terrify/horrify 恐懼（主語是嚇人者，賓語是被嚇者）
The thief/robber terrified me.
The snake terrified me.
fear/be afraid of 害怕……（主語是人）
frighten/scare 嚇了一跳（主語是物，嚇了一跳，但很快就恢復(fù)了平靜，主語是嚇人者，賓語是被嚇者）
You frighten me. 你嚇了我一跳
★wit n.（復(fù)數(shù)）理智，頭腦
out of one's wits 嚇個半死
The snake terrified me out of my wits.
She was frightened out of her wits by the great fire. 大火嚇得她驚慌失措。
Are you out of your wits? 你瘋了嗎？
beat sb. to mummy 打個半死，失去理智，驚慌失措
★variety n. 品種（品種的多樣性）
variety show 綜藝節(jié)目
various = all kinds of adj. 各種各樣的
★crew n. 全體工作人員（指在飛機(jī)上或船上的工作人員）
staff n. 辦公室的全體工作人員
crew 和staff 屬于集合名詞，可能會做單數(shù)，可能會做復(fù)數(shù)。
★special
① adj. 特殊的，特別的，獨(dú)特的
He received special care while in Paris.
② adj. 專門的，特制的，專用的
Special cages are made to protect them from giant fish.
【Text】
Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain, but as the oceans have been overfished, fish has become more and more expensive. So it comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs. Oil rigs have to be repaired frequently and divers, who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water, have been frightened out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them as they work. Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters. The fish are not sharks or killer whales, but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length. Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large: the warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea; the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs; the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs. As a result, the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water. Who eats who?
參考譯文
油煎魚加炸土豆片一直是英國人喜愛的一道菜，但是隨著海洋里的濫捕濫撈，魚已經(jīng)變得越來越昂貴。因此，聽說北海石油鉆井平臺上的潛水員受到巨型魚類的恐嚇，確實(shí)很讓人吃驚。鉆井平臺需要經(jīng)常修理，潛水員常常要在水面100英尺以下摸黑工作，他們曾在工作時被撞到他們身上的大魚嚇得驚惶失措?，F(xiàn)在他們有了特制的籠子，用來保護(hù)他們免受大魚的侵襲。這些魚并不是鯊魚或逆戟鯨，而是深受人們喜愛的食用魚品種，如鱈魚和鰩魚，只不過它們長得出奇地大，有時長達(dá)12英尺。這些魚能長得這么大是由3個因素造成的：海底熱的輸油管道附近的溫暖的海水；鉆井平臺工作人員拋到海里充足的食物；鉆井平臺周圍根本沒有捕魚船只。結(jié)果是，這些魚就在可愛的溫暖的水流中吃呀吃，長呀長。究竟誰吃誰呢？
【課文講解】
1、What's for supper?
What's for breakfast?
I have eggs/nothing for breakfast.
2、Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain, but as the oceans have been overfished, fish has become more and more expensive.
fish and chips（魚和炸土豆片，傳統(tǒng)英國食物，是一道菜）被看作是一個整體，因此，雖然 chips 是復(fù)數(shù)形式，它后面卻要跟動詞的單數(shù)形式。
dish 在這里指“一盤菜”或“菜肴”、“食品”：
I like French dishes. 我喜歡（吃）法國菜。
Would you like a sweet dish? 您要一盤甜食嗎？
more and more 越來越……（多音節(jié)用more and more 加原級）
more and more interesting
I love you more and more each day as time goes by.
隨著時間的流逝我每一天越來越愛你。
fatter and fatter 越來越胖（單音節(jié)直接加er,然后用and 連接）
3、So it comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs.
it comes as a surprise + to do sth. /that 某事令人驚訝
It comes as a surprise that it rains/snows.
It comes as a surprise to have four lessons in three hours.
令人吃驚的表達(dá)：
① to one’s surprise
② The most surprising thing about it is that
③ get a surprise
④ What a surprise it is
⑤ It comes as a surprise + to do sth. /that
4、Oil rigs have to be repaired frequently and divers, who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water, have been frightened out of their wits by giant fight bumping into them as they work.
bump into
① 碰上，撞上
Wandering in darkness, the drunk bumped into a policeman.
那醉漢在黑夜中閑蕩時撞到了一個警察的身上。
② 偶然遇見，碰見（多用于口語）
I bumped into Jane at the conference. 我開會時碰見了簡。
5、Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters.
protect sb. from + n. 保護(hù)……使之不受侵害（protect常與from或against連用）
This coat will protect you against the cold.
He tried to protect the child from the rain/the dog.
6、The fish are not sharks or killer whales, but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length.
not…but… 不是……而是……
eating adj. 供食用的；宜生食的
favourite eating variety 深受人們喜愛的食用的品種
Eating corn is quite sweet. 食用玉米很香甜。
These are eating apples, and those are cooking apples/ones.
這些是生吃的蘋果，那些是烹飪用的蘋果。
grow to 長到
as much as 像……一樣（大限度）+ 數(shù)字
as much as five meters tall
as far as + 從句
as far as I could get
長寬高深的表達(dá)方式
① 數(shù)詞 + 量詞 +adj.
two feet deep
② 數(shù)詞 + 量詞 + in + 名詞
long - length ；high - height ；wide – width ；deep - depth
two feet in depth
7、Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large: the warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea; the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs; the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs.
cause sb. to do sth. 導(dǎo)致……
grow + adj. 變得……
grow large
plentiful supply of… ……的充足供應(yīng)
plentiful supply of money/workers
throw sth. overboard = throw away 扔掉
throw the rubbish overboard
total在這里表示“完全的，徹底的”（相當(dāng)于complete）
His letter is a total surprise to her.
That girl is a total stranger to me.
absence of 缺少，不存在
These plants don’t grow well because of the absence of rain/sunshine.
total absence of… 完全沒有……
total absence of mind 心不在焉
The total absence of mind caused him to fail the exam.
the total absence of order… 沒有秩序
8、As a result, the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water.
as a result = so 結(jié)果是，因此
He didn’t work hard at mathematics. As a result, he failed in the examination.
as a result of = because of 因?yàn)椤?BR> As a result of his hard work, he succeeded.
【Special Difficulties】
被看作整體的、用and連接的兩個名詞
當(dāng)主語是and連接的兩個名詞時，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式：
An umbrella and a suitcase are still needed.
有些名詞由于經(jīng)常在一起連用，就把它們看成一個整體（或一個單位），因而成了一種復(fù)合名詞。它們不僅有固定的詞序，且后面的謂語動詞通常要用單數(shù)形式。這類復(fù)合名詞有：bacon and eggs（咸肉和雞蛋），bread and butter（面包和黃油），cheese and wine（奶酷和葡萄酒），fish and chips（魚和油炸土豆片），a knife and fork（一副刀叉），sausage(s) and mash（香腸和土豆泥）。通常被作為單數(shù)看待的有一道菜和一套東西。
Fish and chips is a popular meal in Britain.
如果把兩個名詞看成是分開的東西，動詞就要用復(fù)數(shù)：
Fish and chips make a good meal.