Lesson 14 The Butterfly Effect
第十四課蝴蝶效應
by JAMES GLEICK
from Chaos
14-1. Beyond two or three days, the world's best weather forecasts are speculative, and beyond six or seven they are worthless.
【譯文】世界上好的兩三天以上的天氣預報都具有很強的猜測性,如果超過六七天,天氣預報就沒任何價值了。
【單詞和短語】
speculative:推測的,猜測性的(based on guessing, not on information or facts),
例如:
Government’s estimate of possible coal resources as lasting for 800 years is speculative.
政府關(guān)于煤的資源能夠持續(xù)開采800年的估計純粹是推斷出來的。
speculative的動詞形式為speculate,名詞形式為speculation。
worthless:無價值的,不值錢的,沒用處的(something that is worthless has no value, importance, or use),
例如:
worthless currency不值錢的貨幣
a worthless, broken tool不值錢的壞工具
worthless的同義詞有valueless,反義詞有worthwhile, worthy,valuable和invaluable。
14-2. The Butterfly Effect is the reason.
【譯文】原因就在于蝴蝶效應。
【講解】Butterfly Effect,即“蝴蝶效應”,指一個復雜系統(tǒng)中的微小變化可能導致別處的巨大變化(據(jù)稱里約熱內(nèi)盧的一只蝴蝶扇動翅膀可能改變芝加哥的天氣)。
14-3. For small pieces of weather—and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and blizzards—any prediction deteriorates rapidly.
【譯文】就小范圍天氣而言,任何預報都很快走樣,而對于全球預報員來說,雷雨和暴風雪也算是小范圍的事。
【單詞和短語】
deteriorate:惡化,質(zhì)量(價值)下降,退化,變質(zhì),墮落(to become worse),
例如:
Relations between the two countries began to deteriorate in the 1990s.
在20世紀90年代,兩國關(guān)系開始惡化。
His work has deteriorated in recent years.
近年來他的工作質(zhì)量逐漸下降。
His health deteriorated with age.
隨著年齡增長,他的健康每況愈下。
deteriorate的名詞形式為deterioration,形容詞形式為deteriorative。
14-4. Errors and uncertainties multiply, cascading upward through a chain of turbulent features, from dust devils and squalls up to continent-size eddies that only satellites can see.
【譯文】誤差和不確定性劇烈放大,它們通過一系列湍流狀態(tài),從小塵暴和暴風劇增到只有衛(wèi)星才能觀察到的大陸范圍的氣旋。
【講解】that only satellites can see系定語從句,修飾eddies。
【單詞和短語】
turbulent在文中意為“湍流的”(turbulent air or water moves around a lot),該詞的常見意為“動蕩的,*的”(a turbulent situation or period of time is one in which there are a lot of sudden changes),
例如:
a turbulent childhood 動蕩的童年
a turbulent period of history 動蕩的歷史時期
a turbulent crowd *的人群
turbulent的名詞形式為turbulence。
14-5. The modern weather models work with a grid of points of the order of sixty miles apart, and even so, some starting data has to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere.
【譯文】現(xiàn)代氣象模型以一個坐標圖來顯示,圖中相鄰兩點約間隔60英里。既使是這樣,有些開始時的資料也得靠猜測,因為地面工作站和衛(wèi)星不可能看到每個地方。
【單詞和短語】
of the order of:大約(approximately),
例如:
His income is of the order of $6000 a month.
他的月收入約為6000美元。
14-6. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at one-foot intervals all the way to the top of the atmosphere.
【譯文】但假設(shè)地球上可以布滿間隔1英尺的傳感器,并按1英尺的間隔從地面一直排到大氣層頂端。
【單詞和短語】
space:(用間隔)分隔開(to arrange objects or events so that they have equal spaces or periods of time between them),
例如:
a closely spaced series of explosions 相隔緊密的一系列爆炸
space one’s time evenly 均勻地分配時間
Letters might be spaced to two or three days. 每隔兩三天會有信來。
第十四課蝴蝶效應
by JAMES GLEICK
from Chaos
14-1. Beyond two or three days, the world's best weather forecasts are speculative, and beyond six or seven they are worthless.
【譯文】世界上好的兩三天以上的天氣預報都具有很強的猜測性,如果超過六七天,天氣預報就沒任何價值了。
【單詞和短語】
speculative:推測的,猜測性的(based on guessing, not on information or facts),
例如:
Government’s estimate of possible coal resources as lasting for 800 years is speculative.
政府關(guān)于煤的資源能夠持續(xù)開采800年的估計純粹是推斷出來的。
speculative的動詞形式為speculate,名詞形式為speculation。
worthless:無價值的,不值錢的,沒用處的(something that is worthless has no value, importance, or use),
例如:
worthless currency不值錢的貨幣
a worthless, broken tool不值錢的壞工具
worthless的同義詞有valueless,反義詞有worthwhile, worthy,valuable和invaluable。
14-2. The Butterfly Effect is the reason.
【譯文】原因就在于蝴蝶效應。
【講解】Butterfly Effect,即“蝴蝶效應”,指一個復雜系統(tǒng)中的微小變化可能導致別處的巨大變化(據(jù)稱里約熱內(nèi)盧的一只蝴蝶扇動翅膀可能改變芝加哥的天氣)。
14-3. For small pieces of weather—and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and blizzards—any prediction deteriorates rapidly.
【譯文】就小范圍天氣而言,任何預報都很快走樣,而對于全球預報員來說,雷雨和暴風雪也算是小范圍的事。
【單詞和短語】
deteriorate:惡化,質(zhì)量(價值)下降,退化,變質(zhì),墮落(to become worse),
例如:
Relations between the two countries began to deteriorate in the 1990s.
在20世紀90年代,兩國關(guān)系開始惡化。
His work has deteriorated in recent years.
近年來他的工作質(zhì)量逐漸下降。
His health deteriorated with age.
隨著年齡增長,他的健康每況愈下。
deteriorate的名詞形式為deterioration,形容詞形式為deteriorative。
14-4. Errors and uncertainties multiply, cascading upward through a chain of turbulent features, from dust devils and squalls up to continent-size eddies that only satellites can see.
【譯文】誤差和不確定性劇烈放大,它們通過一系列湍流狀態(tài),從小塵暴和暴風劇增到只有衛(wèi)星才能觀察到的大陸范圍的氣旋。
【講解】that only satellites can see系定語從句,修飾eddies。
【單詞和短語】
turbulent在文中意為“湍流的”(turbulent air or water moves around a lot),該詞的常見意為“動蕩的,*的”(a turbulent situation or period of time is one in which there are a lot of sudden changes),
例如:
a turbulent childhood 動蕩的童年
a turbulent period of history 動蕩的歷史時期
a turbulent crowd *的人群
turbulent的名詞形式為turbulence。
14-5. The modern weather models work with a grid of points of the order of sixty miles apart, and even so, some starting data has to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere.
【譯文】現(xiàn)代氣象模型以一個坐標圖來顯示,圖中相鄰兩點約間隔60英里。既使是這樣,有些開始時的資料也得靠猜測,因為地面工作站和衛(wèi)星不可能看到每個地方。
【單詞和短語】
of the order of:大約(approximately),
例如:
His income is of the order of $6000 a month.
他的月收入約為6000美元。
14-6. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at one-foot intervals all the way to the top of the atmosphere.
【譯文】但假設(shè)地球上可以布滿間隔1英尺的傳感器,并按1英尺的間隔從地面一直排到大氣層頂端。
【單詞和短語】
space:(用間隔)分隔開(to arrange objects or events so that they have equal spaces or periods of time between them),
例如:
a closely spaced series of explosions 相隔緊密的一系列爆炸
space one’s time evenly 均勻地分配時間
Letters might be spaced to two or three days. 每隔兩三天會有信來。