Lesson 16 The modern city
第十六課現(xiàn)代城市
by ALEXIS CARREL
from Man, the Unknown
16-1. In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected.
【譯文】在工業(yè)生活的組織中，工廠對工人的生理和精神狀態(tài)的影響完全無人過問。
16-2. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible.
【譯文】現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的基本理念是以低成本獲取多產(chǎn)品，為的是讓某人或某團體盡可能地多賺錢。
【講解】at lowest cost作production的定語。in order that作連詞用引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。
16-3. It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory.
【譯文】現(xiàn)代工業(yè)不斷擴張，卻根本沒考慮到操作機器者的真實本性。工廠把一種人造的生存方式強加給工人，卻不顧及這種生存方式給工人及其后代的影響。
【講解】it指modern industry。produced作effects的定語，on與effect搭配在一起用，意為“對……的影響”。
imposed by the factory作the artificial mode of existence的定語。如果把produced擺在descendants和by之間則被容易誤認(rèn)為修飾descendents。produced擺在effects后面使讀者一看即知是修飾effects。
【單詞和短語】
artificial：人工的，人造的，人為的（not real or not made of natural things but made to be like something that is real or natural），
例如：
artificial leather 人造革
an artificial leg 假腿
請注意，“假牙”只能用false teeth。
impose：把……強加于（to force someone to have the same ideas, beliefs etc. as you），
例如：
He imposed on me his own ideas about the novel.
他把自己對這本小說的看法強加于我。
impose oneself（one’s company）on others
(盡管不受歡迎)還硬纏著別人
She imposed herself as their leader.
她自封為他們的頭頭。
impose的名詞形式為imposition。
16-4. The great cities have been built with no regard for us.
【譯文】大城市的建設(shè)根本沒慮及我們。
【單詞和短語】
regard:考慮，注意，關(guān)心（attention or consideration that is shown towards someone or something），
例如：
The next object of regard is his conduct.
有待考慮的下一點是他的行為。
You have (shown) no regard for my feelings.
你一點也不顧及我的感情。
pay no regard at all for (to) the human dignities of people
絲毫不顧人們作為人的尊嚴(yán)
Have some regard for cleanliness. 要注意些清潔。
Out of regard for your father, I shall not dismiss you this time.
看在你父親面上，這回我不開除你。
16-5. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them.
【譯文】摩天大樓的形狀和大小完全取決于每平方英尺土地取得大收入的需要，取決于向租戶提供使他們滿意的辦公室和住房的需要。
【講解】of obtaining the maximum…ground和of offering to… them是兩個并列的介詞短語，作necessity的定語。offices and apartments that please them作offering的賓語，that please them作offices和apartments的定語從句。them指tenants。
第十六課現(xiàn)代城市
by ALEXIS CARREL
from Man, the Unknown
16-1. In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected.
【譯文】在工業(yè)生活的組織中，工廠對工人的生理和精神狀態(tài)的影響完全無人過問。
16-2. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible.
【譯文】現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的基本理念是以低成本獲取多產(chǎn)品，為的是讓某人或某團體盡可能地多賺錢。
【講解】at lowest cost作production的定語。in order that作連詞用引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。
16-3. It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory.
【譯文】現(xiàn)代工業(yè)不斷擴張，卻根本沒考慮到操作機器者的真實本性。工廠把一種人造的生存方式強加給工人，卻不顧及這種生存方式給工人及其后代的影響。
【講解】it指modern industry。produced作effects的定語，on與effect搭配在一起用，意為“對……的影響”。
imposed by the factory作the artificial mode of existence的定語。如果把produced擺在descendants和by之間則被容易誤認(rèn)為修飾descendents。produced擺在effects后面使讀者一看即知是修飾effects。
【單詞和短語】
artificial：人工的，人造的，人為的（not real or not made of natural things but made to be like something that is real or natural），
例如：
artificial leather 人造革
an artificial leg 假腿
請注意，“假牙”只能用false teeth。
impose：把……強加于（to force someone to have the same ideas, beliefs etc. as you），
例如：
He imposed on me his own ideas about the novel.
他把自己對這本小說的看法強加于我。
impose oneself（one’s company）on others
(盡管不受歡迎)還硬纏著別人
She imposed herself as their leader.
她自封為他們的頭頭。
impose的名詞形式為imposition。
16-4. The great cities have been built with no regard for us.
【譯文】大城市的建設(shè)根本沒慮及我們。
【單詞和短語】
regard:考慮，注意，關(guān)心（attention or consideration that is shown towards someone or something），
例如：
The next object of regard is his conduct.
有待考慮的下一點是他的行為。
You have (shown) no regard for my feelings.
你一點也不顧及我的感情。
pay no regard at all for (to) the human dignities of people
絲毫不顧人們作為人的尊嚴(yán)
Have some regard for cleanliness. 要注意些清潔。
Out of regard for your father, I shall not dismiss you this time.
看在你父親面上，這回我不開除你。
16-5. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them.
【譯文】摩天大樓的形狀和大小完全取決于每平方英尺土地取得大收入的需要，取決于向租戶提供使他們滿意的辦公室和住房的需要。
【講解】of obtaining the maximum…ground和of offering to… them是兩個并列的介詞短語，作necessity的定語。offices and apartments that please them作offering的賓語，that please them作offices和apartments的定語從句。them指tenants。