四、正確處理閱讀中出現(xiàn)的生詞，,提高閱讀速度
個(gè)別生詞不會(huì)影響我們對(duì)全文的理解，而且大綱中也允許有3％左右的生詞。對(duì)有些與答題無關(guān)的生詞一般可以忽略過去。如果有個(gè)別生詞影響了對(duì)全篇的理解和做題，就需要去猜測(cè)詞義。在考試中當(dāng)然是無法求助于字典的，一般可以有兩種方法：第一是根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法判斷詞義。這種方法需要認(rèn)識(shí)大量的詞根，否則一切猜測(cè)都無從談起；第二種是根據(jù)與上下文的關(guān)系推測(cè)其詞義，生詞不是孤立的、封閉的，它所出現(xiàn)于其中的句子、段落都會(huì)提供很多的暗示和線索，其中最常見的上下文暗示或線索有以下五種：
1．同義詞或復(fù)述線索。在同一句子中使用另外一個(gè)詞，該詞與生詞具有基本相同的意義；或者，使用幾個(gè)詞來復(fù)述生詞的意義。例如：
下面黑體字與畫框的字意義相同：
A．The woman found herself in a difficult situation．In fact her plight was so serious that she decided to get help．
B．Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they．see on television．
2．比較／對(duì)照線索，一個(gè)句子可能包含有這樣一個(gè)詞，它與生詞具有相反的意義。作者有時(shí)使用on the other hand，however，although，unlike，yet和but等轉(zhuǎn)折語，提醒讀者注。意他要使用一個(gè)與生詞具有相反意義地詞語。
下面黑體字與畫框的字意義相反：
A．Some people like to walk quickly home after work，but I prefer to stroll home and look at the store windows along the way.
B． Although the doctor usually performed the operation perfectly．the nurse knew he had slipped when she saw the patient's blood pressure suddenly rise．
3．例釋線索。作者有時(shí)給出一些例子，指示或解釋生詞的含義。
請(qǐng)閱讀下列句子，并通過每一句中的例子判斷黑體字的意義。
A．There was a kind of detachment about the old man's behavior．It appeared as if he didn't care what you were saying to him．a(chǎn)s if what you were saying were of no interest to him．
B．In a battle situation he always appeared calm and relaxed．It was this calm demeanor that earned him the respect and admiration of the other soldiers．
4．直接解釋的線索。作者有時(shí)擔(dān)心自己所使用的詞不易為讀者理解，于是就直接解釋該詞的意義。閱讀下列句子，找出黑體字的解釋語：
A．The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid；that is，it could not be tasted，seen，or smelled．
B．From the shelf above him。the old man took down a phiaI，a small glass bottle used to keep liquids，and he placed it on the table in front of him．
5．經(jīng)驗(yàn)線索或情景線索。有些生詞可以根據(jù)它們所出現(xiàn)于其中的情景去理解；也可以結(jié)合讀者自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)去理解。
閱讀下列句子，運(yùn)用每一個(gè)句子所描述的情景去推斷黑體字的含義：
A．Alan found himself on the first floor of an old，seemingly abandoned building，as he walked up to the second floor he could hear the old wooden stairs creak with each step he took．
B．It was the first time Nancy had been in a big city．She felt a little apprehensive as she walked out onto the street．with so many strange faces staring at her．