課文12 銀行和顧客
177. When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money, repayment of which he may demand at any time, either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person.
任何人在銀行開一個(gè)活期賬戶，就等于把錢借給了銀行。這筆錢他可以隨時(shí)提取，提取的方式可以是取現(xiàn)金，也可以是開一張以他人為收款人的支票。
178. Primarily, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor -- who is which depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn.
銀行與儲(chǔ)戶的關(guān)系主要是債務(wù)人和債權(quán)人的關(guān)系。究竟誰(shuí)是債務(wù)人誰(shuí)是債權(quán)人，要看儲(chǔ)戶是有結(jié)余還是透支。
179. But, in addition to that basically simple concept, the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another.
除了這一基本的簡(jiǎn)單的概念外，銀行和儲(chǔ)戶彼此還需承擔(dān)大量義務(wù)。
180. Many of these obligations can give in to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.
其中許多義務(wù)往往引起問(wèn)題和糾紛。但是儲(chǔ)戶不能像貨物的買主那樣來(lái)抱怨法律對(duì)自己不利。
181. The bank must obey its customer's instructions, and not those of anyone else.
銀行必須遵照儲(chǔ)戶的囑托辦事，不能聽從其他人的指令。
182. When, for example, a customer first opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques draw by himself.
比如，儲(chǔ)戶首次在銀行開戶時(shí)，囑咐銀行他的存款只能憑本世人簽字的支票來(lái)提取。
183. He gives the bank specimens of his signature, and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer's money on a cheques on which its customer's signature has been forged.
他把自己簽名的樣本交給銀行，對(duì)此有一條非常嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定：銀行沒有任何權(quán)利或理由把儲(chǔ)戶的錢讓偽造儲(chǔ)戶的支票取走。
184. It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skilful one: the bank must recognize its customer's signature.
即使偽造得很巧妙，也不能付款，因?yàn)殂y行有責(zé)任辨認(rèn)出其儲(chǔ)戶的簽名。
185. For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice, adopted by banks, of printing the customer's name on his cheques.
因此，某些銀行已采用把儲(chǔ)戶印在支票上的作法。這種做法對(duì)儲(chǔ)戶毫無(wú)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
186. If this facilitates forgery, it is the bank which will lose, not the customer.
如果因這種作法出現(xiàn)了偽造的話，受損失的將不是儲(chǔ)戶，而是銀行。
177. When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money, repayment of which he may demand at any time, either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person.
任何人在銀行開一個(gè)活期賬戶，就等于把錢借給了銀行。這筆錢他可以隨時(shí)提取，提取的方式可以是取現(xiàn)金，也可以是開一張以他人為收款人的支票。
178. Primarily, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor -- who is which depending on whether the customer's account is in credit or is overdrawn.
銀行與儲(chǔ)戶的關(guān)系主要是債務(wù)人和債權(quán)人的關(guān)系。究竟誰(shuí)是債務(wù)人誰(shuí)是債權(quán)人，要看儲(chǔ)戶是有結(jié)余還是透支。
179. But, in addition to that basically simple concept, the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another.
除了這一基本的簡(jiǎn)單的概念外，銀行和儲(chǔ)戶彼此還需承擔(dān)大量義務(wù)。
180. Many of these obligations can give in to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.
其中許多義務(wù)往往引起問(wèn)題和糾紛。但是儲(chǔ)戶不能像貨物的買主那樣來(lái)抱怨法律對(duì)自己不利。
181. The bank must obey its customer's instructions, and not those of anyone else.
銀行必須遵照儲(chǔ)戶的囑托辦事，不能聽從其他人的指令。
182. When, for example, a customer first opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in respect of cheques draw by himself.
比如，儲(chǔ)戶首次在銀行開戶時(shí)，囑咐銀行他的存款只能憑本世人簽字的支票來(lái)提取。
183. He gives the bank specimens of his signature, and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or authority to pay out a customer's money on a cheques on which its customer's signature has been forged.
他把自己簽名的樣本交給銀行，對(duì)此有一條非常嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定：銀行沒有任何權(quán)利或理由把儲(chǔ)戶的錢讓偽造儲(chǔ)戶的支票取走。
184. It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very skilful one: the bank must recognize its customer's signature.
即使偽造得很巧妙，也不能付款，因?yàn)殂y行有責(zé)任辨認(rèn)出其儲(chǔ)戶的簽名。
185. For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice, adopted by banks, of printing the customer's name on his cheques.
因此，某些銀行已采用把儲(chǔ)戶印在支票上的作法。這種做法對(duì)儲(chǔ)戶毫無(wú)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
186. If this facilitates forgery, it is the bank which will lose, not the customer.
如果因這種作法出現(xiàn)了偽造的話，受損失的將不是儲(chǔ)戶，而是銀行。