名詞從句、定語(yǔ)從句
名詞從句
名詞從句有四類：賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句。例如：
賓語(yǔ)從句：I don’t know where he will go.
主語(yǔ)從句：Where he will go is unknown.
表語(yǔ)從句：The problem is how we can get so much money.
同位語(yǔ)從句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.
下面幾點(diǎn)是學(xué)習(xí)名詞從句要加以注意的：
1． whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)“是否”意，（即引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)if和whether
可以互換）但以下幾種名詞從句要用whether（不用if）引導(dǎo)：
（1） 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，且在句首時(shí)。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但
It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).
（2） 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例The problem is whether he can get a job.
（3） 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例：I have no idea whether he will come.
（4） 介詞后的whether從句。例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
2． 位于句首引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的that不可忘。
例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.
3． 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…＋
that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句謂語(yǔ)有時(shí)用（should）do這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式。
例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.
It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one′s life.
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺點(diǎn)）.
4． 在“The reason why…is that…”句式中that不要誤為because.
例如：The reason why he didn′t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.
5． 名詞從句中that,what用法比較：
引導(dǎo)名詞從句的that是連詞，在句中無(wú)成份，無(wú)意義，而what是連接代詞，what＝the
thing(s) that.
例如：It was told in yesterday′s newspaper that what the students had done was praised
by the factory.
I know that he will study.
I know what he will study.
That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.
What he works hard at is known to us all.
All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(＝the person that)he
used to be.他和以前大不相同了。
6． where在名詞從句中的使用特點(diǎn)：
where在名詞從句中有時(shí)可以變?yōu)椤皌he place where”,有時(shí)可以變?yōu)椤敖樵~＋the place where” 形式。例如：
主從：Where(＝The place where)she has gone is still unknown.
賓從：Would you please tell me where(＝the place where)
名詞從句
名詞從句有四類：賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句。例如：
賓語(yǔ)從句：I don’t know where he will go.
主語(yǔ)從句：Where he will go is unknown.
表語(yǔ)從句：The problem is how we can get so much money.
同位語(yǔ)從句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.
下面幾點(diǎn)是學(xué)習(xí)名詞從句要加以注意的：
1． whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)“是否”意，（即引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)if和whether
可以互換）但以下幾種名詞從句要用whether（不用if）引導(dǎo)：
（1） 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，且在句首時(shí)。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但
It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).
（2） 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例The problem is whether he can get a job.
（3） 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例：I have no idea whether he will come.
（4） 介詞后的whether從句。例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
2． 位于句首引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的that不可忘。
例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.
3． 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…＋
that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句謂語(yǔ)有時(shí)用（should）do這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式。
例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.
It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one′s life.
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺點(diǎn)）.
4． 在“The reason why…is that…”句式中that不要誤為because.
例如：The reason why he didn′t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.
5． 名詞從句中that,what用法比較：
引導(dǎo)名詞從句的that是連詞，在句中無(wú)成份，無(wú)意義，而what是連接代詞，what＝the
thing(s) that.
例如：It was told in yesterday′s newspaper that what the students had done was praised
by the factory.
I know that he will study.
I know what he will study.
That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.
What he works hard at is known to us all.
All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(＝the person that)he
used to be.他和以前大不相同了。
6． where在名詞從句中的使用特點(diǎn)：
where在名詞從句中有時(shí)可以變?yōu)椤皌he place where”,有時(shí)可以變?yōu)椤敖樵~＋the place where” 形式。例如：
主從：Where(＝The place where)she has gone is still unknown.
賓從：Would you please tell me where(＝the place where)