Notes on the text課文注釋
1 as it has come to be known, 正如已逐漸為人所了解的那樣，此處作插入語。
2 it is the desire… or the chance… that…
這是強調(diào)句式，被強調(diào)的部分是句子的主語the desire… or the chance…
3 rig up, 裝配，搭起。
4 Grenoble, 格里諾布爾，是法國東南部伊澤爾河上的一座大城鎮(zhèn)，尤以它的大學而著稱。
5 The cave might never have been discovered had not the entrance been spotted by…如果不是……偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)這個洞口的話，這個洞也許永遠不會為人所知。這是表示與過去事實不相符的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的非真實條件句 had not the entrance been spotted by…由于省略了if, 因此要用倒裝句式。
6 edge one's way, 此處作“側(cè)身徐徐向前移動”講。
7 which they found was caused…of the cave.
which was caused…of the cave是定語從句，修飾 sound; they found此處作插入語。 shooting down… of the cave是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，修飾 waterspout。
參考譯文
洞穴勘查——或洞穴勘探——是一項比較新的體育活動。尋求獨居獨處的愿望或?qū)で笠馔獍l(fā)現(xiàn)機會的欲望吸引著人們來到地下深處。要想對洞穴探險者的動機作出滿意的解釋是不可能的。對洞穴探險者來說，洞穴有一種特殊的魅力，就像高山對于登山者有特殊的魅力一樣。為什么洞穴能引發(fā)人的那種探險本能，人們對此只能有一種模模糊糊的理解。
探測非常深的洞穴不是那些在星期日下午漫步的人所能勝任的。這種活動需要有軍事行動般的周密布署和預見能力。有時需要花費整整8天時間來搭起繩梯，建立供應(yīng)基地，然后才能下到一個很深的洞穴里。作出這樣的準備是必要的，因為無法預見到洞穴探險者究竟會遇到什么性質(zhì)的困難。世界上深的洞穴是格里諾布爾附近的高弗·伯杰洞，深達3，723英尺。這個深邃的洞穴是由一條地下暗泉沖刷巖石中的縫隙并使之慢慢變大而形成的。此洞的洞口在丹芬阿爾卑斯山的高原上，僅6英尺寬，很難被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。若不是法國洞穴探險家伯杰由于偶然的機會發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個洞口的話，這個洞也許永遠不會為人所知。自從被發(fā)現(xiàn)以后，這個洞成了洞穴探險者的珠穆朗瑪峰，人們多次進入洞內(nèi)探險，但至今尚有不少東西有待勘探。
近，一隊洞穴探險者下到了高弗·伯杰洞里。他們從高原上的窄縫進去，順著筆直陡峭的洞壁往下爬，來到了一條狹窄的走廊上。他們不得不側(cè)著身子往前走，有時蹚過淺溪，有時游過深潭。突然，他們來到一道瀑布前，那瀑布奔瀉而下，注入洞底一處地下湖里。他們跳入湖中，把各種器具裝上一只充氣橡皮艇，聽任水流將他們帶往對岸。湖水冰冷刺骨，他們必須穿上一種特制的橡皮服以保護自己。在湖的盡頭，他們見到一大堆一大堆由湖水沖刷上岸的碎石。在這兒，他們可以聽見一種連續(xù)不斷的轟鳴聲。后來他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這是由山洞頂部的一個小孔里噴出的水柱跌落到水潭中時發(fā)出的聲音。洞穴探險者從巖石縫里擠身過去，來到一個巨大的洞里，其大小相當于一個音樂廳。他們打開強力弧光燈，看見一株株巨大的石筍，有的高達40英尺，像樹干似地向上長著，與洞頂懸掛下來的鐘乳石相接。周圍是一堆堆石灰石，像彩虹一樣閃閃發(fā)光。洞里有一種可怕的寂靜，可以聽見的聲響是高高的圓頂上不間斷地滴水的嘀嗒聲。
Multiple choice questions多項選擇題
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 In undertaking the descent of a really deep cave, a pot-holer ______ .
a．must be motivated by the desire to make an unexpected discovery
b．is prepared to spend a whole weekend away from his home
c．needs military co-operation in making preparations for the descent
d．may have to spend as much as a week planning his descent
2 The cave discovered by the French potholer, Berger ______ .
a．represents the ultimate challenge to any pot-holer who is truly dedicated
b．was recently explored for the first time since its discovery
c．has to be approached by following a stream which leads underground
d．consists of a large cavern, the size of a huge concert hall
3 On reaching the enormous cavern, the pot-holers ______ .
a．had to squeeze into a cleft in the rocks at the side
b．lit it up by using the arc lights they had carried down with them
c．saw a rainbow shedding its light on the limestone around them
d．could still hear the waterspout falling into the pool behind them
Structure結(jié)構(gòu)
4 ---- or the chance that they ______ an unexpected discovery that…(11. 2-3)
a．would make
b．can make
c．may make
d．might have made
5 It can take as long as eight days getting rope ladders rigged up and ______ before …(11. 9-10)
a．to establish bases supplied
b．supplying bases established
c．establishing supply bases
d．bases established and supplied
6 After ______ the narrow gap, they climbed down the steep sides of the cave. (11. 18-19)
a．they were entering
b．entering
c．entered
d．they will enter
7 ---- let ______ the current to the other side . (11. 22-23)
a．them be carried with
b．their being carried by
c．themselves carry
d．themselves be carried by
8 No other sound could be heard ______ made by water…(11. 30-31)
a．except it was
b．than that
c．that was
d．but this was
Vocabulary詞匯
9 It can take ______ eight days to rig up… (1. 9)
a．a(chǎn)round
b．more than
c．up to
d．a(chǎn)t least
10 ---- has tunnelled a course through a ______ in the rocks. (11. 13-14)
a．fault
b．gap
c．cleft
d．fissure
11 They had to ______ along this …(11. 19-20)
a．sidle nervously
b．file sideways
c．walk sharply
d．move cauriously
12 To protect themselves from the ______ water, they wore special rubber suits. (1. 23)
a．frozen
b．freezing
c．chilly
d．iced
1 as it has come to be known, 正如已逐漸為人所了解的那樣，此處作插入語。
2 it is the desire… or the chance… that…
這是強調(diào)句式，被強調(diào)的部分是句子的主語the desire… or the chance…
3 rig up, 裝配，搭起。
4 Grenoble, 格里諾布爾，是法國東南部伊澤爾河上的一座大城鎮(zhèn)，尤以它的大學而著稱。
5 The cave might never have been discovered had not the entrance been spotted by…如果不是……偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)這個洞口的話，這個洞也許永遠不會為人所知。這是表示與過去事實不相符的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的非真實條件句 had not the entrance been spotted by…由于省略了if, 因此要用倒裝句式。
6 edge one's way, 此處作“側(cè)身徐徐向前移動”講。
7 which they found was caused…of the cave.
which was caused…of the cave是定語從句，修飾 sound; they found此處作插入語。 shooting down… of the cave是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，修飾 waterspout。
參考譯文
洞穴勘查——或洞穴勘探——是一項比較新的體育活動。尋求獨居獨處的愿望或?qū)で笠馔獍l(fā)現(xiàn)機會的欲望吸引著人們來到地下深處。要想對洞穴探險者的動機作出滿意的解釋是不可能的。對洞穴探險者來說，洞穴有一種特殊的魅力，就像高山對于登山者有特殊的魅力一樣。為什么洞穴能引發(fā)人的那種探險本能，人們對此只能有一種模模糊糊的理解。
探測非常深的洞穴不是那些在星期日下午漫步的人所能勝任的。這種活動需要有軍事行動般的周密布署和預見能力。有時需要花費整整8天時間來搭起繩梯，建立供應(yīng)基地，然后才能下到一個很深的洞穴里。作出這樣的準備是必要的，因為無法預見到洞穴探險者究竟會遇到什么性質(zhì)的困難。世界上深的洞穴是格里諾布爾附近的高弗·伯杰洞，深達3，723英尺。這個深邃的洞穴是由一條地下暗泉沖刷巖石中的縫隙并使之慢慢變大而形成的。此洞的洞口在丹芬阿爾卑斯山的高原上，僅6英尺寬，很難被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。若不是法國洞穴探險家伯杰由于偶然的機會發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個洞口的話，這個洞也許永遠不會為人所知。自從被發(fā)現(xiàn)以后，這個洞成了洞穴探險者的珠穆朗瑪峰，人們多次進入洞內(nèi)探險，但至今尚有不少東西有待勘探。
近，一隊洞穴探險者下到了高弗·伯杰洞里。他們從高原上的窄縫進去，順著筆直陡峭的洞壁往下爬，來到了一條狹窄的走廊上。他們不得不側(cè)著身子往前走，有時蹚過淺溪，有時游過深潭。突然，他們來到一道瀑布前，那瀑布奔瀉而下，注入洞底一處地下湖里。他們跳入湖中，把各種器具裝上一只充氣橡皮艇，聽任水流將他們帶往對岸。湖水冰冷刺骨，他們必須穿上一種特制的橡皮服以保護自己。在湖的盡頭，他們見到一大堆一大堆由湖水沖刷上岸的碎石。在這兒，他們可以聽見一種連續(xù)不斷的轟鳴聲。后來他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這是由山洞頂部的一個小孔里噴出的水柱跌落到水潭中時發(fā)出的聲音。洞穴探險者從巖石縫里擠身過去，來到一個巨大的洞里，其大小相當于一個音樂廳。他們打開強力弧光燈，看見一株株巨大的石筍，有的高達40英尺，像樹干似地向上長著，與洞頂懸掛下來的鐘乳石相接。周圍是一堆堆石灰石，像彩虹一樣閃閃發(fā)光。洞里有一種可怕的寂靜，可以聽見的聲響是高高的圓頂上不間斷地滴水的嘀嗒聲。
Multiple choice questions多項選擇題
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1 In undertaking the descent of a really deep cave, a pot-holer ______ .
a．must be motivated by the desire to make an unexpected discovery
b．is prepared to spend a whole weekend away from his home
c．needs military co-operation in making preparations for the descent
d．may have to spend as much as a week planning his descent
2 The cave discovered by the French potholer, Berger ______ .
a．represents the ultimate challenge to any pot-holer who is truly dedicated
b．was recently explored for the first time since its discovery
c．has to be approached by following a stream which leads underground
d．consists of a large cavern, the size of a huge concert hall
3 On reaching the enormous cavern, the pot-holers ______ .
a．had to squeeze into a cleft in the rocks at the side
b．lit it up by using the arc lights they had carried down with them
c．saw a rainbow shedding its light on the limestone around them
d．could still hear the waterspout falling into the pool behind them
Structure結(jié)構(gòu)
4 ---- or the chance that they ______ an unexpected discovery that…(11. 2-3)
a．would make
b．can make
c．may make
d．might have made
5 It can take as long as eight days getting rope ladders rigged up and ______ before …(11. 9-10)
a．to establish bases supplied
b．supplying bases established
c．establishing supply bases
d．bases established and supplied
6 After ______ the narrow gap, they climbed down the steep sides of the cave. (11. 18-19)
a．they were entering
b．entering
c．entered
d．they will enter
7 ---- let ______ the current to the other side . (11. 22-23)
a．them be carried with
b．their being carried by
c．themselves carry
d．themselves be carried by
8 No other sound could be heard ______ made by water…(11. 30-31)
a．except it was
b．than that
c．that was
d．but this was
Vocabulary詞匯
9 It can take ______ eight days to rig up… (1. 9)
a．a(chǎn)round
b．more than
c．up to
d．a(chǎn)t least
10 ---- has tunnelled a course through a ______ in the rocks. (11. 13-14)
a．fault
b．gap
c．cleft
d．fissure
11 They had to ______ along this …(11. 19-20)
a．sidle nervously
b．file sideways
c．walk sharply
d．move cauriously
12 To protect themselves from the ______ water, they wore special rubber suits. (1. 23)
a．frozen
b．freezing
c．chilly
d．iced