新概念第二冊自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀 Lessons51

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語法 Grammar in use
    一般過去時
    在第3課及第27課的語法中我們都學(xué)習(xí)了一般過去時。在一段文字中,初次使用一般過去時的時候通常要有明確的時間狀語,隨后的敘述則可以不一定使用時間狀語;如果不加before, after等詞語,過去的動作就被認為是按所描述的順序發(fā)生的:
    One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.
    一天下午,她乘小船從海岸出發(fā),遇上了風(fēng)暴。天將黑時,小船撞在了一塊礁石上,姑娘跳進了海里。
    與一般過去時常用的兩個詞是once和recently:
    I went on an excursion recently.
    近我作了短途旅行。
    recently在表示“近一段時期”時也可以與現(xiàn)在完成時連用:I haven't heard from him recently.
    我近沒有收到他的信。
    一般過去時也可以用于時間狀語從句中:
    詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
    1.raise與rise
    (1)raise作動詞時只能作及物動詞,即它必須跟賓語。它可以表示“舉起”、“往上提”、“使……升高”等含義:
    Will those who agree with me please raise their hands?
    請那些同意我的人舉起手來好嗎?
    Why did they raise prices?
    他們?yōu)槭裁刺岣呶飪r?
    (2)rise作動詞時通常為不及物動詞,表示“起立”、“起床”、“(日、月等)升起”等含義:
    You're still in bed and the sun has already risen!
    你還在床上,太陽已經(jīng)升起來了!
    I used to rise at half past six.
    我過去常常6點半起床。
    All the students rose when the teacher came into the classroom.
    老師走進教室時所有的學(xué)生都起立。
    2.lay與lie
    (1)lay的過去式與過去分詞均為laid。它通常為及物動詞,表示“置”、“擱”、“鋪”、“準(zhǔn)備”等:
    Please lay the book open on the desk.
    請把書打開放在書桌上。
    I laid your clothes on the bed so yon could put them away.
    我把你的衣服放在床上了,這樣你可以把它們收起來。
    If you can't cook the dinner, you can at least lay the table.
    你如果不會做飯,至少可以把桌子擺好。
    (2)lie的過去式和過去分詞分別為lay和lain。它是個不及物動詞,表示“躺”、“平臥”等:
    Are you going to lie in bed all morning?
    你打算在床上躺一上午嗎?
    Are you going to spend the whole morning lying in bed?
    (譯文同上)
    We were so tired after last night's party that we lay in bed all morning.
    昨晚的晚會之后我們非常疲勞,今天在床上躺了一上午。
    3.beat與win
    (1)beat作及物動詞時可以表示“打敗”、“戰(zhàn)勝”、“勝過”、“超過”:
    They beat their enemy, though they were fewer in number.
    他們雖然人少,但打敗了敵人。
    表示一個球隊打敗另一個球隊時也用beat。
    (2)win作及物動詞時可以表示“在……獲勝(成功)”、“贏得”、“獲得”、“奪得”等:
    練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
    1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
    A got(1.1); decided(1.2);began(1.2); wrote out(1.3); included(1.4); paid(1.5); rang(1.6);was not surprised (1.6); led(1.7); hid(1.7); asked(1.9); smiled(1.9); put(1.9);explained(1.10); had to reward(1.10); showed(1.10)
    2.難點練習(xí)答案
    1 rose 2 lying 3 laid 4 rose 5 beats 6 win
    3.多項選擇題答案
    1 b 2c 3d 4d 5d 6a
    7 d 8 c 9 a 10 d 11 d 12 b