新概念第二冊(cè)自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀 Lessons51

字號(hào):

語法 Grammar in use
    一般過去時(shí)
    在第3課及第27課的語法中我們都學(xué)習(xí)了一般過去時(shí)。在一段文字中,初次使用一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)候通常要有明確的時(shí)間狀語,隨后的敘述則可以不一定使用時(shí)間狀語;如果不加before, after等詞語,過去的動(dòng)作就被認(rèn)為是按所描述的順序發(fā)生的:
    One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.
    一天下午,她乘小船從海岸出發(fā),遇上了風(fēng)暴。天將黑時(shí),小船撞在了一塊礁石上,姑娘跳進(jìn)了海里。
    與一般過去時(shí)常用的兩個(gè)詞是once和recently:
    I went on an excursion recently.
    近我作了短途旅行。
    recently在表示“近一段時(shí)期”時(shí)也可以與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用:I haven't heard from him recently.
    我近沒有收到他的信。
    一般過去時(shí)也可以用于時(shí)間狀語從句中:
    詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
    1.raise與rise
    (1)raise作動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能作及物動(dòng)詞,即它必須跟賓語。它可以表示“舉起”、“往上提”、“使……升高”等含義:
    Will those who agree with me please raise their hands?
    請(qǐng)那些同意我的人舉起手來好嗎?
    Why did they raise prices?
    他們?yōu)槭裁刺岣呶飪r(jià)?
    (2)rise作動(dòng)詞時(shí)通常為不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“起立”、“起床”、“(日、月等)升起”等含義:
    You're still in bed and the sun has already risen!
    你還在床上,太陽已經(jīng)升起來了!
    I used to rise at half past six.
    我過去常常6點(diǎn)半起床。
    All the students rose when the teacher came into the classroom.
    老師走進(jìn)教室時(shí)所有的學(xué)生都起立。
    2.lay與lie
    (1)lay的過去式與過去分詞均為laid。它通常為及物動(dòng)詞,表示“置”、“擱”、“鋪”、“準(zhǔn)備”等:
    Please lay the book open on the desk.
    請(qǐng)把書打開放在書桌上。
    I laid your clothes on the bed so yon could put them away.
    我把你的衣服放在床上了,這樣你可以把它們收起來。
    If you can't cook the dinner, you can at least lay the table.
    你如果不會(huì)做飯,至少可以把桌子擺好。
    (2)lie的過去式和過去分詞分別為lay和lain。它是個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“躺”、“平臥”等:
    Are you going to lie in bed all morning?
    你打算在床上躺一上午嗎?
    Are you going to spend the whole morning lying in bed?
    (譯文同上)
    We were so tired after last night's party that we lay in bed all morning.
    昨晚的晚會(huì)之后我們非常疲勞,今天在床上躺了一上午。
    3.beat與win
    (1)beat作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以表示“打敗”、“戰(zhàn)勝”、“勝過”、“超過”:
    They beat their enemy, though they were fewer in number.
    他們雖然人少,但打敗了敵人。
    表示一個(gè)球隊(duì)打敗另一個(gè)球隊(duì)時(shí)也用beat。
    (2)win作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以表示“在……獲勝(成功)”、“贏得”、“獲得”、“奪得”等:
    練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
    1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
    A got(1.1); decided(1.2);began(1.2); wrote out(1.3); included(1.4); paid(1.5); rang(1.6);was not surprised (1.6); led(1.7); hid(1.7); asked(1.9); smiled(1.9); put(1.9);explained(1.10); had to reward(1.10); showed(1.10)
    2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
    1 rose 2 lying 3 laid 4 rose 5 beats 6 win
    3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
    1 b 2c 3d 4d 5d 6a
    7 d 8 c 9 a 10 d 11 d 12 b