課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1．a(chǎn) plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel，建造一條長(zhǎng) 21英里的隧道的計(jì)劃。
twenty－one－mile作 tunnel的修飾語(yǔ)，注意 mile為單數(shù)。plan for +名詞／動(dòng)名詞表示“……的計(jì)劃”：
They always make plans for their holidays, but, in the end, they always stay at home.
他們總是為假期制訂各種計(jì)劃，但是，末了，他們總是呆在家里。
He came with a plan for (building) a bridge over the river.
他帶來(lái)了在這條河上建一座橋的計(jì)劃。
2．serve as，充當(dāng)，起……的作用（也可以說(shuō) serve for）。
The books on the floor may serve as/ for a carpet.
地板上的書(shū)可充當(dāng)?shù)靥河昧恕?BR> This sofa can serve as/ for(a) bed.
這張沙發(fā)可以當(dāng)床用。
3．a(chǎn) better plan was put forward, 提出了一項(xiàng)更好的計(jì)劃。
put forward為固定短語(yǔ)，可分開(kāi)用，其含義之一是“提出（計(jì)劃、建議等）”：
You know they wouldn't accept your plan. Why did you put it forward?
你知道他們不會(huì)接受你的計(jì)劃。你為什么要提出來(lái)呢？
Has he put forward any suggestion?
他提出什么建議了嗎？
4．He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built.他提
議建一條雙軌隧道。
suggest后面跟從句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為 should（可省略）+動(dòng)詞原形（cf．第63課語(yǔ)法）：
He suggested (that) they (should) change the plans.
他建議他們改變計(jì)劃。
suggest后面也可以跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式。（cf．第47課詞匯學(xué)習(xí)）
5．It was officially opened on March 7,1994, finally connecting Britain to the European continent.它于1994年3月7日正式開(kāi)通，將英國(guó)與歐洲大陸連到了一起。
現(xiàn)在分詞 connecting 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句。connect表示“連接”、“連結(jié)”，可與to或with連用：
This road connects the willage with/to London.
這條公路連接著這個(gè)村子與倫敦。
The lake and the canal are connected by a river.
這個(gè)湖與運(yùn)河之間由一條小河相連。
語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use
第3類(lèi)條件句
（1）在第16課的語(yǔ)法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了用第1類(lèi)條件句表示將來(lái)很可能發(fā)生的事：
If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.
一旦你把汽車(chē)停錯(cuò)了地方，交通警便很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)。
在第40課的語(yǔ)法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了用第2類(lèi)條件句談?wù)撓胂裰械那闆r或描寫(xiě)完全不可能的事：
If you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!
如果你多吃點(diǎn)，少說(shuō)點(diǎn)，我們兩個(gè)都會(huì)吃得好的！
If I were you, I would not go to London tomorrow.
如果我是你，我明天就不去倫敦。（婉轉(zhuǎn)的建議）
（2）第3類(lèi)條件句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)與前兩類(lèi)都不一樣，if從句需用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用 would have/should have+過(guò)去分詞形式：
If it had rained, we would have stayed at home.
要是下雨，我們就會(huì)呆在家里了。
第3類(lèi)條件句在if從句里設(shè)想純粹想像的事情，在主句里講述想像的結(jié)果。它與第2類(lèi)條件句有一定的相似之處。但是，第3類(lèi)條件句所談的是沒(méi)有或永遠(yuǎn)不可能有的結(jié)果，因?yàn)樗鼈冎傅氖沁^(guò)去沒(méi)有過(guò)的事情。它們是所謂的“假設(shè)條件句”：
If I had worked harder at school, I'd have go a better job.
要是我上學(xué)時(shí)勤奮一些，我就會(huì)有較好的工作了。（事實(shí)是現(xiàn)在的工作不太好）
在 if從句中可用 could have+過(guò)去分詞代替 had been able to +動(dòng)詞原形
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1．fear vt.
（1）害怕，畏懼：
If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, the tunnel would have been completed.
如果不是因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)英國(guó)人害怕入侵，隧道早就建成了。
She fears speaking in public.
她害怕當(dāng)眾講話(huà)。
（2）恐怕，猜想（比 be afraid要正式）：
We fear/It is feared/ We're afraid that many lives have been lost in the crash.
在這次撞車(chē)事故中恐怕有許多人丟了性命。
I fear that she has lost her way in the forest.
我擔(dān)心她在森林里迷路了。
2．動(dòng)詞 draw 的一些短語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞draw的主要含義之一是“拉”、“拖”，它與不同的小品詞連用可以有不同的含義。
（1）draw in，使……進(jìn)入；吸入：
If a train entered the tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it.
如果有一列火車(chē)開(kāi)進(jìn)隧道，它就把新鮮空氣隨之抽了進(jìn)來(lái)。
The smell of flowers in the shop drew us in.
花的香味使我們走進(jìn)了這家商店。
（2）draw back，后退，后縮；收回，撤回：
If you take part in the race, you mustn't draw back.
你如果參加比賽，就一定不能退出／后退。
You must finish the work by yourselves now. They have drawn back their people.
你們得靠自己完成這項(xiàng)工作。他們已把他們的人員撤走了。
（3）draw up，停住，使……停?。黄鸩?，制訂，擬訂：
I was waiting for Jill in front of a shop when a taxi drew up beside me.
我正在一家商店門(mén)口等吉爾時(shí)，一輛出租車(chē)停在了我身邊。
Have any new agreements been drawn up between the two countries?
這兩個(gè)國(guó)家之間又簽訂什么新協(xié)議了嗎？
（4）draw off，撤走，離開(kāi)：
The villagers had to draw off because of the flood.
由于洪水的緣故，村民們不得不撤走。
When the others were talking loudly, he quietly drew off.
其他人大聲交談時(shí)，他悄悄地離開(kāi)了。
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
1．關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
A Three sentences: 1.5,Type 2;
1.9, Type 2;
1.10,Type 3
C 1 would have been able 2 could have come 3 would not have made
4 were 5 is
2．難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
1 up 2 back 3 up
3．多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
1 c 2 c 3 c 4 c 5 b 6 b
7 c 8 c 9 a 10 b 11b 12 b
1．a(chǎn) plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel，建造一條長(zhǎng) 21英里的隧道的計(jì)劃。
twenty－one－mile作 tunnel的修飾語(yǔ)，注意 mile為單數(shù)。plan for +名詞／動(dòng)名詞表示“……的計(jì)劃”：
They always make plans for their holidays, but, in the end, they always stay at home.
他們總是為假期制訂各種計(jì)劃，但是，末了，他們總是呆在家里。
He came with a plan for (building) a bridge over the river.
他帶來(lái)了在這條河上建一座橋的計(jì)劃。
2．serve as，充當(dāng)，起……的作用（也可以說(shuō) serve for）。
The books on the floor may serve as/ for a carpet.
地板上的書(shū)可充當(dāng)?shù)靥河昧恕?BR> This sofa can serve as/ for(a) bed.
這張沙發(fā)可以當(dāng)床用。
3．a(chǎn) better plan was put forward, 提出了一項(xiàng)更好的計(jì)劃。
put forward為固定短語(yǔ)，可分開(kāi)用，其含義之一是“提出（計(jì)劃、建議等）”：
You know they wouldn't accept your plan. Why did you put it forward?
你知道他們不會(huì)接受你的計(jì)劃。你為什么要提出來(lái)呢？
Has he put forward any suggestion?
他提出什么建議了嗎？
4．He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built.他提
議建一條雙軌隧道。
suggest后面跟從句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為 should（可省略）+動(dòng)詞原形（cf．第63課語(yǔ)法）：
He suggested (that) they (should) change the plans.
他建議他們改變計(jì)劃。
suggest后面也可以跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式。（cf．第47課詞匯學(xué)習(xí)）
5．It was officially opened on March 7,1994, finally connecting Britain to the European continent.它于1994年3月7日正式開(kāi)通，將英國(guó)與歐洲大陸連到了一起。
現(xiàn)在分詞 connecting 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句。connect表示“連接”、“連結(jié)”，可與to或with連用：
This road connects the willage with/to London.
這條公路連接著這個(gè)村子與倫敦。
The lake and the canal are connected by a river.
這個(gè)湖與運(yùn)河之間由一條小河相連。
語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use
第3類(lèi)條件句
（1）在第16課的語(yǔ)法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了用第1類(lèi)條件句表示將來(lái)很可能發(fā)生的事：
If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.
一旦你把汽車(chē)停錯(cuò)了地方，交通警便很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)。
在第40課的語(yǔ)法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了用第2類(lèi)條件句談?wù)撓胂裰械那闆r或描寫(xiě)完全不可能的事：
If you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!
如果你多吃點(diǎn)，少說(shuō)點(diǎn)，我們兩個(gè)都會(huì)吃得好的！
If I were you, I would not go to London tomorrow.
如果我是你，我明天就不去倫敦。（婉轉(zhuǎn)的建議）
（2）第3類(lèi)條件句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)與前兩類(lèi)都不一樣，if從句需用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用 would have/should have+過(guò)去分詞形式：
If it had rained, we would have stayed at home.
要是下雨，我們就會(huì)呆在家里了。
第3類(lèi)條件句在if從句里設(shè)想純粹想像的事情，在主句里講述想像的結(jié)果。它與第2類(lèi)條件句有一定的相似之處。但是，第3類(lèi)條件句所談的是沒(méi)有或永遠(yuǎn)不可能有的結(jié)果，因?yàn)樗鼈冎傅氖沁^(guò)去沒(méi)有過(guò)的事情。它們是所謂的“假設(shè)條件句”：
If I had worked harder at school, I'd have go a better job.
要是我上學(xué)時(shí)勤奮一些，我就會(huì)有較好的工作了。（事實(shí)是現(xiàn)在的工作不太好）
在 if從句中可用 could have+過(guò)去分詞代替 had been able to +動(dòng)詞原形
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1．fear vt.
（1）害怕，畏懼：
If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, the tunnel would have been completed.
如果不是因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)英國(guó)人害怕入侵，隧道早就建成了。
She fears speaking in public.
她害怕當(dāng)眾講話(huà)。
（2）恐怕，猜想（比 be afraid要正式）：
We fear/It is feared/ We're afraid that many lives have been lost in the crash.
在這次撞車(chē)事故中恐怕有許多人丟了性命。
I fear that she has lost her way in the forest.
我擔(dān)心她在森林里迷路了。
2．動(dòng)詞 draw 的一些短語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞draw的主要含義之一是“拉”、“拖”，它與不同的小品詞連用可以有不同的含義。
（1）draw in，使……進(jìn)入；吸入：
If a train entered the tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it.
如果有一列火車(chē)開(kāi)進(jìn)隧道，它就把新鮮空氣隨之抽了進(jìn)來(lái)。
The smell of flowers in the shop drew us in.
花的香味使我們走進(jìn)了這家商店。
（2）draw back，后退，后縮；收回，撤回：
If you take part in the race, you mustn't draw back.
你如果參加比賽，就一定不能退出／后退。
You must finish the work by yourselves now. They have drawn back their people.
你們得靠自己完成這項(xiàng)工作。他們已把他們的人員撤走了。
（3）draw up，停住，使……停?。黄鸩?，制訂，擬訂：
I was waiting for Jill in front of a shop when a taxi drew up beside me.
我正在一家商店門(mén)口等吉爾時(shí)，一輛出租車(chē)停在了我身邊。
Have any new agreements been drawn up between the two countries?
這兩個(gè)國(guó)家之間又簽訂什么新協(xié)議了嗎？
（4）draw off，撤走，離開(kāi)：
The villagers had to draw off because of the flood.
由于洪水的緣故，村民們不得不撤走。
When the others were talking loudly, he quietly drew off.
其他人大聲交談時(shí)，他悄悄地離開(kāi)了。
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
1．關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
A Three sentences: 1.5,Type 2;
1.9, Type 2;
1.10,Type 3
C 1 would have been able 2 could have come 3 would not have made
4 were 5 is
2．難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
1 up 2 back 3 up
3．多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
1 c 2 c 3 c 4 c 5 b 6 b
7 c 8 c 9 a 10 b 11b 12 b