新概念第二冊(cè)自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀 Lessons67

字號(hào):

課文詳注 Further notes on the text
    1.to set up his camp very close to the volcano,把帳篷搭在離它非常近的地方。
    表示“與……靠近’可用 close to:
    He parked the car close to the river.
    他把車停在河邊。
    Don't sit so close to the fire.
    別坐得離火那么近。
    2.Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs…盡管他設(shè)法拍了一些精彩的照片……
    manage to do sth. 表示“設(shè)法做到某事”、“努力完成某事”,即雖然很費(fèi)勁,但仍然做到/完成某事。另一短語(yǔ) try to do sth. 可表示“設(shè)法做某事”、“努力做某事”,但并不表示完成/做到的含義:
    He tried to open the door but couldn't.
    他試圖打開(kāi)那門(mén),但打不開(kāi)。
    He managed to open the door.
    他設(shè)法把門(mén)打開(kāi)了。
    I finally managed to buy a house.
    我終于設(shè)法買了一座房子。
    3.a(chǎn) river of liquid rock,一股巖漿。
    river在這里為比喻用法,表示“(……的)巨流”。由于 a river of 這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中沒(méi)有 as, like等明確表示“像”的詞,因此,它是一種暗喻。
    When she heard the news, a river of tears came down her face.
    她聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息后,淚如泉涌。
    Rivers of blood flowed during World war Ⅱ.
    第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間血流成河。
    4.It threatened to surround him completely…(巖漿)眼看就要將他團(tuán)團(tuán)圍住……
    threaten表示“威脅著要”、“恐嚇”:
    The forest fire threatened to destroy the town.
    森林大火眼看就要將這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)子焚毀。
    He threatened to leave the team.
    他揚(yáng)言要離開(kāi)這個(gè)隊(duì)。
    關(guān)于 threaten… with,參見(jiàn)第62課課文詳注。
    5.to escape just in time, 及時(shí)逃離。
    in time表示“及時(shí)”、“來(lái)得及”,just表示“正好”、“差一點(diǎn)”:
    I caught the train just in time.
    我剛好來(lái)得及趕上火車。
    Shall we still be in time for / to see the performance?
    我們還來(lái)得及看演出嗎?
    6.risked one's life, 冒著生命危險(xiǎn)。
    關(guān)于risk作為名詞和動(dòng)詞的用法,參見(jiàn)第44課詞匯學(xué)習(xí)。
    7.a(chǎn)ny man alive, 任何在世的人。
    alive 為形容詞,可表示“在世的”、“活著的”,通常作表語(yǔ)。它作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)必須放在被修飾的詞之后:
    Is your grandfather still alive?
    你祖父還活著嗎?
    Every man alive has his / her own troubles.
    每個(gè)活著的人都有自己的煩惱。
    語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use
    表示“能力”的情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞及其他有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞: can/ could, be able to與 manage to
    (1)在第43課的語(yǔ)法中,我們學(xué)習(xí)了表示“能力”的 can/could。用將來(lái)時(shí)的句子中表示“能力”時(shí)通常用 will be able to, 在表示成功地完成過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)用was able to而不用could:
    I can't remember where I've seen him.
    我想不起來(lái)我在什么地方見(jiàn)過(guò)他。
    I can sing some songs, but I can't play the piano.
    我會(huì)唱一些歌,但我不會(huì)彈鋼琴。
    He thought he could pass the exam easily, but he failed.
    他以為他能輕易地通過(guò)考試,結(jié)果他沒(méi)通過(guò)。
    After Byrd had ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks, the plane was then able to rise.
    在伯德命令他的助手們?nèi)拥魞蓚€(gè)沉重的食物袋之后,飛機(jī)才可以上升了。
    Jane can't swim yet. She'll be able to swim in a few months time.
    簡(jiǎn)不會(huì)游泳。再過(guò)幾個(gè)月她就會(huì)游泳了。
    (2)表示“能力”的另一種方式是用 manage to。在表示成功地完成過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí),它經(jīng)常代替 be able to。與 be able to相比,它更強(qiáng)調(diào)“雖然困難很大,但仍能……”這種含義。
    如果把后這句話改成:He was able to watch it after all(他終看了那場(chǎng)比賽),那么他就不一定是克服困難才看到比賽,而可能是因?yàn)榍闆r有變化等。
    詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
    say與tell
    這兩個(gè)詞都有“說(shuō)”的含義,但在用法上有區(qū)別。
    1.say
    (1)在表示“說(shuō)”、“講”時(shí),say后面不跟間接賓語(yǔ)(人)。如果一定要指明,則用to+名詞/代詞:
    ‘You haven't got much time,’he said (to me).
    他(對(duì)我)說(shuō):“你的時(shí)間不多了?!?BR>    (2)表示“道別”、“誦讀(祈禱)”、“背誦”等含義時(shí)用say而不能用tell:
    We'll see his boat and then we'll say goodbye to him.
    我們將參觀他的船,然后和他告別。
    Mary's children say their prayers every night.
    瑪麗的孩子們每天晚上做禱告。
    (3)say有“表達(dá)(思想、意見(jiàn)等)”含義,tell則沒(méi)有:
    Do you have anything to say about the accident?
    關(guān)于這次事故你有什么想說(shuō)的/想法嗎?
    (4)say通常用于表達(dá)“據(jù)說(shuō)”的意思,tell則不能:
    John is said to be very interested in art.
    據(jù)說(shuō)約翰對(duì)美術(shù)很感興趣。
    (5)say可以用于固定短語(yǔ) say a good word for(為……說(shuō)好話/辯護(hù);推薦):
    Don't expect that he'll say a good word for you.
    別指望他會(huì)為你說(shuō)好話。
    2.tell
    (1)在表示“說(shuō)”、“講”時(shí),tell后面可以跟雙賓語(yǔ):
    He told me/ said that he would be retiring.
    他告訴我/說(shuō)他快要退休了。
    (2)tell經(jīng)常用于表示“講(實(shí)話、謊話、秘密等)”:
    He's telling a lie/the truth.
    他在撒謊/說(shuō)實(shí)話。
    I won't tell you the secret if you can't keep it.
    如果你不能保守秘密,我就不把這秘密告訴你。
    (3)tell可以表示“辨別”、“分辨”,say則不可以:
    The snake obviously could not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz.
    那條蛇顯然分辨不出印度音樂(lè)和爵士樂(lè)。
    (4)在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,tell the time為固定短語(yǔ),表示根據(jù)鐘表等“說(shuō)出時(shí)間”、“識(shí)鐘”(美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中為 tell time):
    Jimmy is only five years old, but he can already tell the time.
    吉米只有5歲,但他已經(jīng)識(shí)鐘了。
    另外,say和tell后面跟so時(shí)含義不一樣:
    I told you so!
    我告訴過(guò)你是這樣的?。ㄓ糜谇闆r被證實(shí)之后)
    練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
    1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
    C 1 He did not manage to get into town this morning.
    2 They did not manage to find the boy who had run away.
    3 He did not manage to find a new job.
    4 I did not manage to translate the passage into English.
    5 They did not manage to swim to the other side of the river.
    2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
    1 tell 2 said/would say 3 say…tell 4 tell 5 told 6 say
    3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
    1d 2a 3d 4d 5d 6d
    7 b 8 b 9 a 10 d 11d 12 d