課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1.I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 我穿過馬路以便避開他,但他看到我并朝我跑過來。
(1)avoid 以及本課中出現(xiàn)的 enjoy, fancy, mind, finish等動詞后面只跟名詞性的賓語,即只跟名詞或動名詞:
They managed to avoid a car crash/crashing their car into the wall.
他們設法躲過了一起汽車撞車事故/避免了將車撞在墻上。
(2)running 引導的是分詞短語,作狀語,修飾 came,表示伴隨狀況:
She ran after the thief shouting out for help.
她一邊追趕小偷,一邊大聲喊叫求助。
2.It was no use pretending that I had not seen him…若再裝做沒看見他已是沒有用了……
這句話中,it是先行主語,真正的主語是 pretending 引導的動名詞短語。It is (of) no use doing…是個固定結構(其中的 of可省略),表示“做……也是徒勞的/無益的”:
It is (of) no use worrying about your family.
為你的家人擔心是無益的。
3.No matter how busy you are…不管你多忙……
no matter可與疑問詞 (how, who, when, where, what等)一起引導讓步從句,表示“無論”:
No matter where you go, you can't forget your home.
無論你到哪里,都無法忘記自己的家。
No matter what I say, I seem to say the wrong thing.
無論我說什么,都似乎說得不當。
4.I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning. 我得想辦法不讓他整個上午纏著我。
think of在這里的含義是“想出”, way在這里表示“辦法”, a way of后面的部分用于修飾 way。prevent表示“阻止/制止”時其常用結構為 prevent sb. from doing sth., from可以省略:
I can't prevent you from going if you want to.
你如果想去,我無法阻止。
5.You're not busy doing anything, are you? 你不忙,是吧?
這是一個附加疑問句,又稱反意疑問句,是由陳述句后面加簡略疑問句構成。陳述句如果是肯定的,則附加疑問句通常用否定形式;陳述句如果是否定的,則附加的疑問句用肯定形式。陳述句中有助動詞時,附加疑問句重復其中的助動詞;如果沒有,則用do的各種形式構成:
John was angry, wasn't he?
約翰生氣了,不是嗎?(肯定式+否定式)
He hasn't left, has he?
他沒走,是嗎?(否定式+肯定式)
I can see him, can't I?
我可以見他,不是嗎?(情態(tài)助動詞作助動詞)
You like it, don't you?
你喜歡它,不是嗎?(沒有助動詞時加do)
6.Would you mind my coming with you? 我跟你一道去行嗎?
(1)Would/ Do you mind…? 是一個用來表示客氣的請求或征求意見的結構,其中可以用if引導的從句或動名詞結構。表示“同意/不介意”時,用“No, not at all”或“Certainly not”來回答;不同意時往往用一些委婉的說法,如“ I'm sorry, but…”等回答,不用“yes, I do”:
(2)如果動名詞的動作執(zhí)行者與句子的主語不一致時,它前面可以加所有格形容詞或賓格代詞,作為動名詞的邏輯主語(cf. 本課語法):
I hope you won't mind my staying here.
我希望你不介意我呆在這兒。
語法 Grammar in use
動名詞的一些用法
(1)在第20課的語法中,我們學習了動名詞的基本形式和作用,在第44課的語法中,我們學習了動名詞用于某些短語動詞
(look forward to, be used to等)之后、一些表示喜好的動詞(hate, love, prefer等)之后不定式與動名詞的區(qū)別以及 need 和want之后動名詞的用法等:
I like watching TV.
我喜歡看電視。(一般行為)
I'd like to watch TV.
我(現(xiàn)在)想看電視。(特定)
The strap needs mending.
這提包帶需要修理。(動名詞在這里有被動的含義)
(2)有些動詞后可以用動名詞作賓語,但不能用不定式。這些動詞包括 avoid, admit, deny, fancy, finish, enjoy, mind(在乎,在意),suggest, stand(容忍)等:
I tried to avoid meeting him.
我試圖避開他。
I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.
我就怕遇到奈杰爾·戴克斯。
I haven't finished speaking yet.
我還沒有說完。
(3)有些結構通常要接動名詞,如 busy, worth, it is no/little use, bored with, interested in, insist on, prevent…from等:
I'm busy making meat pies.
我正忙著做肉餡餅。
A Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition is worth rescuing.
一架狀況尚好的蘭開斯特轟炸機值得搶救。
He insisted on paying.
他堅持要付錢。
I'm interested in acting.
我對表演感興趣。
(4)動名詞可以有自己的邏輯主語(即動作執(zhí)行者,而不是句子的主語):
He insisted on my paying the bill.
他堅持要我付賬。
I don't think the children enjoy your/his/John's singing.
我不認為孩子們喜歡你/他/約翰唱的歌。
Please excuse his not writing to you.
請原諒他沒有給你寫信。
Do you mind my smoking?
我可以抽煙嗎?
Do you mind opening/my opening the door?
你/我可以開門嗎?
(5)come和go之后可以跟與戶外活動相關的動名詞(climbing, driving, fishing, riding, shopping, walking等),表示建議、邀請或敘事:
Why don't we go swimming?
為什么我們不去游泳呢?
Come dancing this evening.
今晚來跳舞吧。
Yesterday we went fishing.
昨天我們去釣魚了。
(6)感知動詞(hear, see, feel, watch等)后面既可以跟賓語加分詞結構,也可以跟賓語加不帶to的不定式。現(xiàn)在分詞往往強調動作正在發(fā)生,用于敘述中時使人身臨其境;不定式則可以表示動作發(fā)生了或過程結束了。有時它們之間的區(qū)別不大,可以互相替換使用。試比較:
I watched him climb/climbing the tree.
我看到他爬樹了。(區(qū)別不大)
詞匯學習 Word study
1.fancy vt.
(1)設想,想像:
Fancy meeting you here!
想不到在這兒見到你!
Fancy Ian not knowing the answer to such an easy question!
真想不到伊恩竟會不知道如何回答這樣一個簡單的問題!
(2)想要,喜歡(往往用于指個人愛好):
I don't fancy going for a walk in the rain.
我不愛在雨中散步。
It's a fine day and I fancy driving down to the coast.
天氣真好,我想開車去海邊。
2.insist vt.,vi.
(1)堅持,堅決認為:
He insisted that he was right.
他堅持他是對的。
He insists on the importance of the meeting.
他強調這個會議的重要性。
(2)堅決主張/要求,一定要:
I insist on speaking to the manager.
我堅決要求/一定要與經理談話。
My wife insists that I (should) have my hair cut.
我妻子執(zhí)意要我理發(fā)。
練習答案 Key to written exercises
1.關鍵句型練習答案
C (sample sentences)
1 It's no use trying to reason with him.
2 Let's go swimming.
3 Forgive my interrupting you.
4 Do you deny having taken/taking the money?
5 He came rushing towards me.
6 I'm busy writing letters.
7 I always enjoy going to the cinema.
8 Would you mind closing the door, please?
2.多項選擇題答案
1b 2b 3c 4d 5b 6b
7b 8c 9c 10 c 11a 12a
1.I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 我穿過馬路以便避開他,但他看到我并朝我跑過來。
(1)avoid 以及本課中出現(xiàn)的 enjoy, fancy, mind, finish等動詞后面只跟名詞性的賓語,即只跟名詞或動名詞:
They managed to avoid a car crash/crashing their car into the wall.
他們設法躲過了一起汽車撞車事故/避免了將車撞在墻上。
(2)running 引導的是分詞短語,作狀語,修飾 came,表示伴隨狀況:
She ran after the thief shouting out for help.
她一邊追趕小偷,一邊大聲喊叫求助。
2.It was no use pretending that I had not seen him…若再裝做沒看見他已是沒有用了……
這句話中,it是先行主語,真正的主語是 pretending 引導的動名詞短語。It is (of) no use doing…是個固定結構(其中的 of可省略),表示“做……也是徒勞的/無益的”:
It is (of) no use worrying about your family.
為你的家人擔心是無益的。
3.No matter how busy you are…不管你多忙……
no matter可與疑問詞 (how, who, when, where, what等)一起引導讓步從句,表示“無論”:
No matter where you go, you can't forget your home.
無論你到哪里,都無法忘記自己的家。
No matter what I say, I seem to say the wrong thing.
無論我說什么,都似乎說得不當。
4.I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning. 我得想辦法不讓他整個上午纏著我。
think of在這里的含義是“想出”, way在這里表示“辦法”, a way of后面的部分用于修飾 way。prevent表示“阻止/制止”時其常用結構為 prevent sb. from doing sth., from可以省略:
I can't prevent you from going if you want to.
你如果想去,我無法阻止。
5.You're not busy doing anything, are you? 你不忙,是吧?
這是一個附加疑問句,又稱反意疑問句,是由陳述句后面加簡略疑問句構成。陳述句如果是肯定的,則附加疑問句通常用否定形式;陳述句如果是否定的,則附加的疑問句用肯定形式。陳述句中有助動詞時,附加疑問句重復其中的助動詞;如果沒有,則用do的各種形式構成:
John was angry, wasn't he?
約翰生氣了,不是嗎?(肯定式+否定式)
He hasn't left, has he?
他沒走,是嗎?(否定式+肯定式)
I can see him, can't I?
我可以見他,不是嗎?(情態(tài)助動詞作助動詞)
You like it, don't you?
你喜歡它,不是嗎?(沒有助動詞時加do)
6.Would you mind my coming with you? 我跟你一道去行嗎?
(1)Would/ Do you mind…? 是一個用來表示客氣的請求或征求意見的結構,其中可以用if引導的從句或動名詞結構。表示“同意/不介意”時,用“No, not at all”或“Certainly not”來回答;不同意時往往用一些委婉的說法,如“ I'm sorry, but…”等回答,不用“yes, I do”:
(2)如果動名詞的動作執(zhí)行者與句子的主語不一致時,它前面可以加所有格形容詞或賓格代詞,作為動名詞的邏輯主語(cf. 本課語法):
I hope you won't mind my staying here.
我希望你不介意我呆在這兒。
語法 Grammar in use
動名詞的一些用法
(1)在第20課的語法中,我們學習了動名詞的基本形式和作用,在第44課的語法中,我們學習了動名詞用于某些短語動詞
(look forward to, be used to等)之后、一些表示喜好的動詞(hate, love, prefer等)之后不定式與動名詞的區(qū)別以及 need 和want之后動名詞的用法等:
I like watching TV.
我喜歡看電視。(一般行為)
I'd like to watch TV.
我(現(xiàn)在)想看電視。(特定)
The strap needs mending.
這提包帶需要修理。(動名詞在這里有被動的含義)
(2)有些動詞后可以用動名詞作賓語,但不能用不定式。這些動詞包括 avoid, admit, deny, fancy, finish, enjoy, mind(在乎,在意),suggest, stand(容忍)等:
I tried to avoid meeting him.
我試圖避開他。
I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.
我就怕遇到奈杰爾·戴克斯。
I haven't finished speaking yet.
我還沒有說完。
(3)有些結構通常要接動名詞,如 busy, worth, it is no/little use, bored with, interested in, insist on, prevent…from等:
I'm busy making meat pies.
我正忙著做肉餡餅。
A Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition is worth rescuing.
一架狀況尚好的蘭開斯特轟炸機值得搶救。
He insisted on paying.
他堅持要付錢。
I'm interested in acting.
我對表演感興趣。
(4)動名詞可以有自己的邏輯主語(即動作執(zhí)行者,而不是句子的主語):
He insisted on my paying the bill.
他堅持要我付賬。
I don't think the children enjoy your/his/John's singing.
我不認為孩子們喜歡你/他/約翰唱的歌。
Please excuse his not writing to you.
請原諒他沒有給你寫信。
Do you mind my smoking?
我可以抽煙嗎?
Do you mind opening/my opening the door?
你/我可以開門嗎?
(5)come和go之后可以跟與戶外活動相關的動名詞(climbing, driving, fishing, riding, shopping, walking等),表示建議、邀請或敘事:
Why don't we go swimming?
為什么我們不去游泳呢?
Come dancing this evening.
今晚來跳舞吧。
Yesterday we went fishing.
昨天我們去釣魚了。
(6)感知動詞(hear, see, feel, watch等)后面既可以跟賓語加分詞結構,也可以跟賓語加不帶to的不定式。現(xiàn)在分詞往往強調動作正在發(fā)生,用于敘述中時使人身臨其境;不定式則可以表示動作發(fā)生了或過程結束了。有時它們之間的區(qū)別不大,可以互相替換使用。試比較:
I watched him climb/climbing the tree.
我看到他爬樹了。(區(qū)別不大)
詞匯學習 Word study
1.fancy vt.
(1)設想,想像:
Fancy meeting you here!
想不到在這兒見到你!
Fancy Ian not knowing the answer to such an easy question!
真想不到伊恩竟會不知道如何回答這樣一個簡單的問題!
(2)想要,喜歡(往往用于指個人愛好):
I don't fancy going for a walk in the rain.
我不愛在雨中散步。
It's a fine day and I fancy driving down to the coast.
天氣真好,我想開車去海邊。
2.insist vt.,vi.
(1)堅持,堅決認為:
He insisted that he was right.
他堅持他是對的。
He insists on the importance of the meeting.
他強調這個會議的重要性。
(2)堅決主張/要求,一定要:
I insist on speaking to the manager.
我堅決要求/一定要與經理談話。
My wife insists that I (should) have my hair cut.
我妻子執(zhí)意要我理發(fā)。
練習答案 Key to written exercises
1.關鍵句型練習答案
C (sample sentences)
1 It's no use trying to reason with him.
2 Let's go swimming.
3 Forgive my interrupting you.
4 Do you deny having taken/taking the money?
5 He came rushing towards me.
6 I'm busy writing letters.
7 I always enjoy going to the cinema.
8 Would you mind closing the door, please?
2.多項選擇題答案
1b 2b 3c 4d 5b 6b
7b 8c 9c 10 c 11a 12a

