一、詞匯詳解
1.Discuss when they take place,what they celebrate and one thing that people do at that time.
討論它們是什么時間舉行，慶祝的是什么事件，并說出人們在那天所做的一件事。
要點提示：
take place是不及物動詞，無被動式，意思為“發(fā)生”，常指經(jīng)過安排的事情。
典型例句：
The interview is well planned and it is to take place on time.
采訪計劃周密，會按時進行的。
相關(guān)鏈接：
happen發(fā)生，碰巧(指偶然性);chance碰巧發(fā)生，偶然發(fā)生(同happen),正式用語。例如：
I happened to be here when you were in trouble.
當你有困難時我碰巧在那兒。
She chanced to be in the park when I was there.
我在公園時碰巧她在那兒。
應(yīng)用探究
選擇填空
(1)We may never discover what ______ that night when you left for Beijing.
A.happened
B.chance
C.take place
D.took place
解析：從時間狀語來看應(yīng)使用過去時態(tài)，took place 雖為過去時，但它的意思是有計劃、有安排地進行，題意應(yīng)指那天夜里突然或偶然發(fā)生了什么事，故應(yīng)使用A項happened。
答案：A
(2)—When does the ceremony ______?All the lovely boys and girls in our school are waiting for it.
—Sorry,I have no idea,but in my opinion, 8 a.m.
A.happen
B.chance
C.take place
D.took place
解析：文中所提到的ceremony一定是有計劃作出了安排的，故應(yīng)使用C項take place。
答案：C
2.They would starve if food was difficult to find,so they celebrated when they had food.
如果食物難以得到，他們會挨餓，因此，一旦有了食物，他們就開懷歡慶。
要點提示：
starve作動詞時除了有“餓死，饑餓，使饑餓”的意思外，還有“渴望做某事”的意思。
典型例句：
What’s for dinner?I’m starving to death!
晚飯吃什么?我餓死了!
She failed again,starving for success.
她又失敗了，渴望成功。
相關(guān)鏈接：
starving adj.饑餓的;受餓的
the starving饑民
starvation n.挨餓;餓死
starvation diet極少量的食物
句型轉(zhuǎn)換
(1)A：The proud man said he preferred to suffer from hunger rather than beg for food.
B：The proud man said he ______ ______ ______ ______ beg for food.
(2)A：Those motherless children were longing for affection.
B：Those motherless children ______ ______ ______ affection.
填空
(3)The ______ (starve) people of this area were suffering from the terrible ______ (starve) and many people lost their lives.
答案：
(1)would starve rather than
(2)were starving for/were starved of
(3)starving;starvation
3.Some festivals are held to honor the dead,or satisfy and please the ancestors,....
有些節(jié)日是為了紀念死者、或者取悅祖先，使他們得到滿足，……
要點提示：
satisfy 為動詞，在本句中意思有“滿足，使?jié)M意”之意。另有“符合”之意。如:satisfy a definition 符合定義。
典型例句：:
My brother felt that nothing he did could satisfy his boss.我弟弟感到他所做的事情沒有一件令老板滿意。
相關(guān)鏈接：
其形容詞satisfying相當于satisfactory令人滿意的，多用來修飾物體;satisfied adj.感到滿意的，多用來修飾人。
常用短語:be satisfied with對……感到滿意或滿足;be satisfied to do對做……感到滿意或滿足。
完成句子
(1)This kind of job ______ ______ ______ ______ (我不滿意),so I left the company and went out to find a suitable job.
(2)Every one of the team ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (不滿意我們受到的待遇) at that party on Miss Smith’s eighteenth birthday.
(3)The story you told had an attractive beginning and a ______ (令人滿意的)end.
答案：
(1)does not satisfy me
(2)wasn’t satisfied with our treatment
(3)satisfying
4.The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead.
萬圣節(jié)起源于紀念亡者的祭事活動。
要點提示：
in memory of意思為“紀念”，在本單元中還出現(xiàn)另一詞組to the memory of，它們意義和用法相同。
典型例句：
We sang the song in memory of the dead.
我們唱歌以紀念故去的人們。
思維拓展:
have a good/bad memory for擅長/不擅長記……
within sb.’s memory 就某人記憶力所及
memorize v.記住(某事物)
完成句子
(1)Grandmother ______ ______ ______ ______ (祖母的記憶力很好);she can remember things which happened many years ago.
(2)This has been the hottest summer ______ ______ ______ (就我所記得的)during my seventy years in the world.
(3)I wrote a long poem ______ ______ ______ (紀念)Robert,who used to be my old friend as well as a good teacher.
答案：
(1)has a good memory
(2)within my memory
(3)in memory of
5.Festivals can be held as an honor to famous people or to the gods.
有些節(jié)日是紀念名人或者神的。
要點提示：
honor 在此句中表示“尊敬，敬意”,另外，還可以表示“光榮”。
典型例句：
We show our honor to the police.
我們向警察表示敬意。
Ladies and gentlemen,it is my honor to have been here.
女士們，先生們，親鄰此地，甚感榮幸。
相關(guān)鏈接：
honor也可以作及物動詞用，意為“尊敬、紀念”。如：
Today we’ll meet an honored guest.
今天我們將會見一位貴賓。
欣賞句子
(1)There is honor among thieves.
(2)Ladies and gentlemen,it is my honor to have been here to give a speech.
(3)I have cooked a special meal in honor of our visitors of exalted rank.
答案：略
改錯
At eleven o’clock in the morning,we’ll meet an honoring guest in the meeting room.
答案：
honoring→honored
6.In India there is a national festival on October 2 to honor Mahatma Gandhi,the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.
在印度，10月2日是紀念甘地的全國性節(jié)日，他是幫助印度脫離英國而獨立的領(lǐng)袖。
要點提示：
gain是動詞，意為“取得、獲得”。后面常跟獨立、成績、成就等詞作賓語。
典型例句:
You’ll gain useful experience in working with computer.
在用計算機工作中你會取得有用的經(jīng)驗。
I gain a lot from the activity.我從活動中受益。
相關(guān)鏈接：
gain另有名詞用法，意為“利潤、利益、收益”等。諺語:No pains,no gains.不勞無獲。
The company cares only about shortterm gain.
公司只關(guān)注短期利益。
改錯
(1)This clock wins five minutes a day,so you’d better have it repaired if you have time.
(2)Only after ten years in the country gained she her citizenship.
(3)In the sport meeting,the American black girl gained before the other runners in the race and finished first in the end.
答案：
(1)wins→gains
(2)gained she→did she gain
(3)before→on
格言欣賞
Learning more and gaining more is the light that leads into everything lovely.
7.Some people might win awards for their animals,flowers,fruit and vegetables.
有些人可能因為他們的動物、花果和蔬菜而獲獎。
要點提示：
award在此處的意思是“獎品”，作名詞用。award用作動詞時，意思為“給予、頒發(fā)、判決、裁定”，常用作award sth.(to sb.)和 award sb. sth.(for sth.)以及be awarded sth.(for sth.)結(jié)構(gòu)。
典型例句：
Father often shows us the athletics awards he has won.
父親經(jīng)常給我們看他所獲得的體育運動獎。
The award of a scholarship from our institute was on TV yesterday.
我們學(xué)院的獎學(xué)金頒發(fā)決定昨天在電視上播放了。
相關(guān)鏈接：
三個不同的獎:prize,award,reward
prize也意為“獎品、獎金”，但它主要用于表示“獲得幾等獎”或“獲獎金額”，常說win a prize for... “因……而獲……獎”;award (sb.) a prize 指“授予(某人)獎勵”，授獎?wù)咄蔷哂胁门辛Φ娜?reward可用作名詞或動詞，它的意思特指“報答、報償、酬謝;獎賞”，常指通過努力而獲得回報，如：What’s my reward for my work?
填空
用award...for/award...to的適當形式填空。
(1)The school ______ Merry a prize ______ her good work.
(2)He ______ ______ the gold medal ______ being the fastest runner.
(3)The judge ______ a large sum of money ______ those hurt by the fire.
答案：
(1)awarded;for
(2)was awarded;for
(3)awarded;to
閱讀
閱讀下面的笑話，了解Tom怎么得的獎。
Tom:Dad,my teacher awarded me a book for my answering his question.
Dad:Congratulations! What is the question and your answer?
Tom:OK.How many legs does a hawk have?I said three.
Dad:My silly boy,a hawk has two legs.
Tom:But the others all said four.
8.The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.
最富生機而又重要的節(jié)日就是告別冬天、盼望春天的日子。
要點提示：
短語look forward to中的 to為介詞，后面跟 doing或者名詞作賓語。
典型例句：
Mother says she’s looking forward to meeting you.
媽媽說她正期盼著與你見面。
相關(guān)鏈接：
要注意本短語的另外意思，即故意將短語分割，形式相同而意義卻相差甚遠。如:
I look forward to look at the advertisement for selling houses on the wall.
我向前看去看墻上的賣房子的廣告。此句中，to為不定式。
英譯漢
(1)We look forward to receiving your reply when you study in Japan.
___________________________________________________________________
(2)All the people in the company look forward to other good news from you.
___________________________________________________________________
答案：
(1)當你在日本學(xué)習(xí)時，我們盼望著你的回信。
(2)公司里所有的人都希望從你那兒得到其他好消息。