2016年計(jì)算機(jī)三級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)SQL語(yǔ)句大全(2)

字號(hào):

  提升
    1、說(shuō)明:復(fù)制表(只復(fù)制結(jié)構(gòu),源表名:a 新表名:b) (Access可用)
    法一:select * into b from a where 1<>1(僅用于SQlServer)
    法二:select top 0 * into b from a
    2、說(shuō)明:拷貝表(拷貝數(shù)據(jù),源表名:a 目標(biāo)表名:b) (Access可用)
    insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;
    3、說(shuō)明:跨數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之間表的拷貝(具體數(shù)據(jù)使用絕對(duì)路徑) (Access可用)
    insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in ‘具體數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)’ where 條件
    例子:..from b in '"&Server.MapPath(".")&"\data.mdb" &"' where..
    4、說(shuō)明:子查詢(表名1:a 表名2:b)
    select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b ) 或者: select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)
    5、說(shuō)明:顯示文章、提交人和最后回復(fù)時(shí)間
    select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b
    6、說(shuō)明:外連接查詢(表名1:a 表名2:b)
    select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
    7、說(shuō)明:在線視圖查詢(表名1:a )
    select * from (SELECT a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1;
    8、說(shuō)明:between的用法,between限制查詢數(shù)據(jù)范圍時(shí)包括了邊界值,not between不包括
    select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2
    select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 數(shù)值1 and 數(shù)值2
    9、說(shuō)明:in 的使用方法
    select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘值1’,’值2’,’值4’,’值6’)
    10、說(shuō)明:兩張關(guān)聯(lián)表,刪除主表中已經(jīng)在副表中沒有的信息
    delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 )
    11、說(shuō)明:四表聯(lián)查問(wèn)題:
    select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....
    12、說(shuō)明:日程安排提前五分鐘提醒
    SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f開始時(shí)間,getdate())>5
    13、說(shuō)明:一條sql 語(yǔ)句搞定數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)分頁(yè)
    select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主鍵字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主鍵字段 = a.主鍵字段 order by a.排序字段
    具體實(shí)現(xiàn):
    關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)分頁(yè):
    declare @start int,@end int
    @sql nvarchar(600)
    set @sql=’select top’+str(@end-@start+1)+’+from T where rid not in(select top’+str(@str-1)+’Rid from T where Rid>-1)’
    exec sp_executesql @sql
    注意:在top后不能直接跟一個(gè)變量,所以在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中只有這樣的進(jìn)行特殊的處理。Rid為一個(gè)標(biāo)識(shí)列,如果top后還有具體的字段,這樣做是非常有好處的。因?yàn)檫@樣可以避免 top的字段如果是邏輯索引的,查詢的結(jié)果后實(shí)際表中的不一致(邏輯索引中的數(shù)據(jù)有可能和數(shù)據(jù)表中的不一致,而查詢時(shí)如果處在索引則首先查詢索引)  
    14、說(shuō)明:前10條記錄
    select top 10 * form table1 where 范圍
    15、說(shuō)明:選擇在每一組b值相同的數(shù)據(jù)中對(duì)應(yīng)的a的記錄的所有信息(類似這樣的用法可以用于論壇每月排行榜,每月熱銷產(chǎn)品分析,按科目成績(jī)排名,等等.)
    select a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b)
    16、說(shuō)明:包括所有在 TableA 中但不在 TableB和TableC 中的行并消除所有重復(fù)行而派生出一個(gè)結(jié)果表
    (select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)
    17、說(shuō)明:隨機(jī)取出10條數(shù)據(jù)
    select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()
    18、說(shuō)明:隨機(jī)選擇記錄
    select newid()
    19、說(shuō)明:刪除重復(fù)記錄
    1),delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...)
    2),select distinct * into temp from tablename
    delete from tablename
    insert into tablename select * from temp
    評(píng)價(jià): 這種操作牽連大量的數(shù)據(jù)的移動(dòng),這種做法不適合大容量但數(shù)據(jù)操作
    3),例如:在一個(gè)外部表中導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù),由于某些原因第一次只導(dǎo)入了一部分,但很難判斷具體位置,這樣只有在下一次全部導(dǎo)入,這樣也就產(chǎn)生好多重復(fù)的字段,怎樣刪除重復(fù)字段
    alter table tablename
    --添加一個(gè)自增列
    add column_b int identity(1,1)
    delete from tablename where column_b not in(
    select max(column_b) from tablename group by column1,column2,...)
    alter table tablename drop column column_b
    20、說(shuō)明:列出數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)里所有的表名
    select name from sysobjects where type='U' // U代表用戶
    21、說(shuō)明:列出表里的所有的列名
    select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('TableName')
    22、說(shuō)明:列示type、vender、pcs字段,以type字段排列,case可以方便地實(shí)現(xiàn)多重選擇,類似select 中的case。
    select type,sum(case vender when 'A' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'C' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'B' then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type
    顯示結(jié)果:
    type vender pcs
    電腦 A 1
    電腦 A 1
    光盤 B 2
    光盤 A 2
    手機(jī) B 3
    手機(jī) C 3
    23、說(shuō)明:初始化表table1
    TRUNCATE TABLE table1
    24、說(shuō)明:選擇從10到15的記錄
    select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_別名 order by id desc