課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1．Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. 漁夫和水手們有時聲稱看見過海里的妖怪。
to have seen是不定式的完成式結(jié)構(gòu)。不定式的完成式用于不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的情況：
I'm sorry to have taken up so much of your time.
對不起，占了你這么長時間。
I'm glad to have met your family.
我很高興見到了你的家里人。
She seemed to have cleaned the room.
她似乎已打掃過房間了。
不定式的完成式常用于believe，declare，find，say，see，know，think，understand等動詞后（這些動詞常用被動語態(tài)）：
She is believed/said/found to have gone to Australia.
人們確認(rèn)/說/發(fā)現(xiàn)她已經(jīng)去了澳大利亞。
He is thought/believed to have been killed in an air crash.
人們認(rèn)為他在空難中喪生了。
不定式的完成式與表示意圖、希望等的動詞連用時有獨特的含義：
I meant/intended to have invited him, but I forgot to do so.
我本想/本打算邀請他的，可是我忘記了。
I hope/plan to have finished by 12.
我希望/計劃到12點鐘以前就已完成。（相當(dāng)于將來完成時）
2．a(chǎn)t times，有時，偶爾。
At times I feel that he is not honest.
有時我覺得他不誠實。
He comes to see us at times.
他有時來看我們。
3．…they are rarely caught out at sea.……它們在海上極少能被捕到。
A small fishing boat was carried miles out to sea…
一條小漁船被拖到了幾英里以外的海面上……
這兩句話中的out分別表示“在外?！薄ⅰ跋蛲夂！保?BR> When her little boat was caught in a storm out at sea, she thought no one could help her now.
當(dāng)她的小船在外海/遠(yuǎn)海遇上風(fēng)暴時，她覺得那時沒有人能夠救她。
Don't sail out to sea in this weather.
別在這天氣出海。
4．this was no ordinary fish, 這根本不是一條普通的魚。
no的否定意味比not（a/an）要重（用于名詞或形容詞之前、系動詞be之后）：
They are no friends of ours.
他們根本不是我們的朋友。
This is no easy work.
這絕對不是件容易干的活。
5．made every effort, 盡一切努力。（cf．第78課課文詳注）
6．Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man…人們很少能看到活著的這類動物……
creature指包含人在內(nèi)的“生物”、“動物”。指人時它可以表示憐愛等感情，多用于指女性：
There are many strange creatures in the sea.
海里有許多奇怪的生物。
The poor creature has suffered a lot during that time.
這可憐的家伙/人在那段時間里遭了不少罪。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1．claim
（1）vt. , vi.（對……）提出要求，認(rèn)領(lǐng)，索取：
Has anyone claimed the child/wallet?
有人來認(rèn)領(lǐng)這孩子/錢包了嗎？
（2）vt. 聲稱，斷言：
They claim to have seen monsters in the sea.
他們聲稱看到過海里的妖怪。
He claimed that Tom had stolen his wallet.
他斷言湯姆偷了他的錢包。
2．wash與wash up
（1）wash指“洗”、“洗滌”：
I must get up and wash.
我必須起床洗臉。
She has washed all those clothes.
她把那些衣服都洗了。
Sally can almost wash herself now.
薩莉現(xiàn)在幾乎能給自己洗澡了。（wash oneself指洗澡）wash也可以指“沖走”、“卷走”：
Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore.
一些異常的生物偶爾會被沖到岸上來。
The little wooden house was washed away by the floods.
那個小木屋被洪水沖走了。
（2）wash up在英國英語中指“洗餐具”：
When you phoned, she was busy washing up (the dishes).
你打電話時她正忙著洗盤子。
wash up也可以指“把……沖上岸”：
The dead body of a huge fish has been washed up on the shore.
一條巨大的死魚被沖上了岸。
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
1．難點練習(xí)答案
1 wash up 2 laugh at 3 washed 4 laughed 5 wash
2．多項選擇題答案
1a 2b 3a 4d 5c 6c
7d 8a 9a 10c 11b 12d
1．Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. 漁夫和水手們有時聲稱看見過海里的妖怪。
to have seen是不定式的完成式結(jié)構(gòu)。不定式的完成式用于不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的情況：
I'm sorry to have taken up so much of your time.
對不起，占了你這么長時間。
I'm glad to have met your family.
我很高興見到了你的家里人。
She seemed to have cleaned the room.
她似乎已打掃過房間了。
不定式的完成式常用于believe，declare，find，say，see，know，think，understand等動詞后（這些動詞常用被動語態(tài)）：
She is believed/said/found to have gone to Australia.
人們確認(rèn)/說/發(fā)現(xiàn)她已經(jīng)去了澳大利亞。
He is thought/believed to have been killed in an air crash.
人們認(rèn)為他在空難中喪生了。
不定式的完成式與表示意圖、希望等的動詞連用時有獨特的含義：
I meant/intended to have invited him, but I forgot to do so.
我本想/本打算邀請他的，可是我忘記了。
I hope/plan to have finished by 12.
我希望/計劃到12點鐘以前就已完成。（相當(dāng)于將來完成時）
2．a(chǎn)t times，有時，偶爾。
At times I feel that he is not honest.
有時我覺得他不誠實。
He comes to see us at times.
他有時來看我們。
3．…they are rarely caught out at sea.……它們在海上極少能被捕到。
A small fishing boat was carried miles out to sea…
一條小漁船被拖到了幾英里以外的海面上……
這兩句話中的out分別表示“在外?！薄ⅰ跋蛲夂！保?BR> When her little boat was caught in a storm out at sea, she thought no one could help her now.
當(dāng)她的小船在外海/遠(yuǎn)海遇上風(fēng)暴時，她覺得那時沒有人能夠救她。
Don't sail out to sea in this weather.
別在這天氣出海。
4．this was no ordinary fish, 這根本不是一條普通的魚。
no的否定意味比not（a/an）要重（用于名詞或形容詞之前、系動詞be之后）：
They are no friends of ours.
他們根本不是我們的朋友。
This is no easy work.
這絕對不是件容易干的活。
5．made every effort, 盡一切努力。（cf．第78課課文詳注）
6．Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man…人們很少能看到活著的這類動物……
creature指包含人在內(nèi)的“生物”、“動物”。指人時它可以表示憐愛等感情，多用于指女性：
There are many strange creatures in the sea.
海里有許多奇怪的生物。
The poor creature has suffered a lot during that time.
這可憐的家伙/人在那段時間里遭了不少罪。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1．claim
（1）vt. , vi.（對……）提出要求，認(rèn)領(lǐng)，索取：
Has anyone claimed the child/wallet?
有人來認(rèn)領(lǐng)這孩子/錢包了嗎？
（2）vt. 聲稱，斷言：
They claim to have seen monsters in the sea.
他們聲稱看到過海里的妖怪。
He claimed that Tom had stolen his wallet.
他斷言湯姆偷了他的錢包。
2．wash與wash up
（1）wash指“洗”、“洗滌”：
I must get up and wash.
我必須起床洗臉。
She has washed all those clothes.
她把那些衣服都洗了。
Sally can almost wash herself now.
薩莉現(xiàn)在幾乎能給自己洗澡了。（wash oneself指洗澡）wash也可以指“沖走”、“卷走”：
Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore.
一些異常的生物偶爾會被沖到岸上來。
The little wooden house was washed away by the floods.
那個小木屋被洪水沖走了。
（2）wash up在英國英語中指“洗餐具”：
When you phoned, she was busy washing up (the dishes).
你打電話時她正忙著洗盤子。
wash up也可以指“把……沖上岸”：
The dead body of a huge fish has been washed up on the shore.
一條巨大的死魚被沖上了岸。
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
1．難點練習(xí)答案
1 wash up 2 laugh at 3 washed 4 laughed 5 wash
2．多項選擇題答案
1a 2b 3a 4d 5c 6c
7d 8a 9a 10c 11b 12d