【代詞】
類別 主格 賓格 形容詞性物主代詞 名詞性物主代詞 反身代詞
第一人稱單數(shù) I me my mine myself
復(fù)數(shù)we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱單數(shù) you you your yours yourself
復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱單數(shù) he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs themselves
用法口訣:主格句中做主語,賓格位于動(dòng)、介后;形性物代修飾名,名性物代獨(dú)立行。
1.人稱代詞
人稱代詞的用法
1)人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語或主語補(bǔ)語,例如:
John waited a while but eventually he went home.
約翰等了一會(huì)兒,最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.
約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗,還真是她。
說明:在復(fù)合句中,如果主句和從句主語相同,代詞主語要用在從句中,名詞主語用在主句中,例如:
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.
約翰一到就直接去銀行了。
2)人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語或介詞賓語,但在口語中也能作主語補(bǔ)語,第一人稱在省略句中,還可以作主語,例如:
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他們?cè)谝黄?,至少我認(rèn)為是她。(her做賓 語,them做介詞賓語,her做主語補(bǔ)語)
a. -- Who broke the vase? --誰打碎了花瓶?
b. -- Me. --我。(me做主語補(bǔ)語= It's me.)
說明:在上面兩例句中,her和me分別作主語補(bǔ)語?,F(xiàn)代英語中多用賓格,在正式文體中這里應(yīng)為she和I。
人稱代詞之主、賓格的替換
1) 賓格代替主格
a.在簡短對(duì)話中,當(dāng)人稱代詞單獨(dú)使用或在not 后,多用賓語。
---- I like English. --我喜歡英語。
---- Me too. --我也喜歡。
---- Have more wine? --再來點(diǎn)酒喝嗎?
---- Not me. --我可不要了。
b.在表示比較的非正式的文體中,常用賓格代替主格。 但如果比較狀語的謂語保留,則主語只能用主格。
He is taller than I/me.
He is taller than I am.
2) 主格代替賓格
a. 在介詞but,except 后,有時(shí)可用主格代替賓格。
b. 在電話用語中常用主格。
---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和瑪麗通話。
---- This is she. --我就是瑪麗。
注意:在動(dòng)詞be 或to be 后的人稱代詞視其前面的名詞或代詞而定。
I thought it was she. 我以為是她?! ?主格----主格)
I thought it to be her. (賓格----賓格)
I was taken to be she. 我被當(dāng)成了她?! ?主格----主格)
They took me to be her. 他們把我當(dāng)成了她。 (賓格----賓格)
并列人稱代詞的排列順序
1) 單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?BR> 第二人稱 -> 第三人稱 -> 第一人稱
you -> he/she; it -> I
You, he and I should return on time.
2) 復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞作主語時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?BR> 第一人稱 -> 第二人稱 -> 第三人稱
we -> you -> They
注意:在下列情況中,第一人稱放在前面。
a. 在承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤,承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí),
It was I and John that made her angry.
是我和約翰惹她生氣了。
b. 在長輩對(duì)晚輩,長官對(duì)下屬說話時(shí),如長官為第一人稱, 如:I and you try to finish it.
c. 并列主語只有第一人稱和第三人稱時(shí),
d. 當(dāng)其它人稱代詞或名詞被定語從句修飾時(shí)。
2.物主代詞
物主代詞有兩大類,一般形容詞性物主代詞做定語;名詞性物主代詞做主語、賓語和表語。
1)物主代詞既有表示所屬的作用又有指代作用,例如:
John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.
約翰割破了手指,顯而易見,他桌子上有個(gè)破玻璃杯。
物主代詞有形容詞性(my, your等)和名詞性(mine, yours等)兩種,形容詞性的物主代詞屬于限定詞。
名詞性的物主代詞在用法上相當(dāng)于省略了中心名詞的 --'s屬格結(jié)構(gòu),例如:
Jack's cap 意為 The cap is Jack's.
His cap 意為 The cap is his.
2) 名詞性物主代詞的句法功能
a. 作主語,例如:
May I use your pen? Yours works better.
我可以用一用你的鋼筆嗎? 你的比我的好用。
b. 作賓語,例如:
I love my motherland as much as you love yours.
我愛我的祖國就像你愛你的祖國一樣深。
c. 作介詞賓語,例如:
Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.
你應(yīng)當(dāng)按我所用的詞義去解釋我說的話,而不能按你自己的意義去解釋。
d. 作主語補(bǔ)語,例如:
The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命屬于你,屬于你,屬于你。
雙重所有格
物主代詞不可與 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等詞一起前置,修飾一個(gè)名詞,而必須用雙重所有格。
公式為:
a, an, this, that +名詞+of +名詞性物主代詞。如:
a friend of mine. each brother of his.
3.反身代詞
反身代詞由形容詞性物主代詞加-self或-selves構(gòu)成 如:myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves
反身代詞在句子中可充當(dāng)賓語、表語和同位語。
1) 列表
myself yourself yourselves herself himself ourselves themselves itself oneself
2)做賓語
a. 有些動(dòng)詞需有反身代詞
absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave
We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我們昨晚玩得很開心。
Please help yourself to some fish. 請(qǐng)你隨便吃點(diǎn)魚。
b. 用于及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+介詞
take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.
I could not dress (myself) up at that time. 那個(gè)時(shí)候我不能打扮我自己。
注:有些動(dòng)詞后不跟反身代詞, get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。
Please sit down. 請(qǐng)坐。
3) 作表語; 同位語
be oneself: I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。
The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。
4) 在不強(qiáng)調(diào)的情況下,but, except, for 等介詞后賓語用反身代詞或人稱代詞賓格均可。如:No one but myself (me) is hurt.
注意:
a. 反身代詞本身不能單獨(dú)作主語。
(錯(cuò)) Myself drove the car.
(對(duì)) I myself drove the car. 我自己開車。
b. 但在and, or, nor連接的并列主語中,第二個(gè)主語可用反身代詞,特別是myself 作主語。
Charles and myself saw it.
5)第二人稱作賓語,要用反身代詞。
You should be proud of yourself. 你應(yīng)為自己感到驕傲。
4. 指示代詞
1) 指示代詞分單數(shù)(this/that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these/those)兩種形式,既可作限定詞又可做代詞,例如:
單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
限定詞:This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.
代詞: This is Mary. Those are my teachers.
2) 指示代詞的句法功能;
a. 作主語
This is the way to do it. 這事兒就該這樣做。
b. 作賓語
I like this better than that. 我喜歡這個(gè)甚至那個(gè)。
c. 作主語補(bǔ)語
My point is this. 我的觀點(diǎn)就是如此。
d. 作介詞賓語
I don't say no to that. 我并未拒絕那個(gè)。
There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。
說明1:
指示代詞在作主語時(shí)可指物也可指人,但作其它句子成分時(shí)只能指物,不能指人,例如:
(對(duì))That is my teacher. 那是我的老師。( that作主語,指人)
(對(duì))He is going to marry this girl. 他要和這個(gè)姑娘結(jié)婚。(this作限定詞)
(錯(cuò))He is going to marry this. (this作賓語時(shí)不能指人)
(對(duì))I bought this. 我買這個(gè)。(this指物,可作賓語)
說明2:
That和those可作定語從句的先行詞,但this和 these不能,同時(shí),在作先行詞時(shí),只有those可指人,試比較:
(對(duì)) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。
(對(duì)) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)
(錯(cuò)) He admired that who danced well. (that作賓語時(shí)不能指人)
(對(duì)) He admired those who danced well. 他贊賞跳舞好的人。(those指人)
(對(duì)) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。(those指物)
類別 主格 賓格 形容詞性物主代詞 名詞性物主代詞 反身代詞
第一人稱單數(shù) I me my mine myself
復(fù)數(shù)we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱單數(shù) you you your yours yourself
復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱單數(shù) he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs themselves
用法口訣:主格句中做主語,賓格位于動(dòng)、介后;形性物代修飾名,名性物代獨(dú)立行。
1.人稱代詞
人稱代詞的用法
1)人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語或主語補(bǔ)語,例如:
John waited a while but eventually he went home.
約翰等了一會(huì)兒,最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.
約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗,還真是她。
說明:在復(fù)合句中,如果主句和從句主語相同,代詞主語要用在從句中,名詞主語用在主句中,例如:
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.
約翰一到就直接去銀行了。
2)人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語或介詞賓語,但在口語中也能作主語補(bǔ)語,第一人稱在省略句中,還可以作主語,例如:
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他們?cè)谝黄?,至少我認(rèn)為是她。(her做賓 語,them做介詞賓語,her做主語補(bǔ)語)
a. -- Who broke the vase? --誰打碎了花瓶?
b. -- Me. --我。(me做主語補(bǔ)語= It's me.)
說明:在上面兩例句中,her和me分別作主語補(bǔ)語?,F(xiàn)代英語中多用賓格,在正式文體中這里應(yīng)為she和I。
人稱代詞之主、賓格的替換
1) 賓格代替主格
a.在簡短對(duì)話中,當(dāng)人稱代詞單獨(dú)使用或在not 后,多用賓語。
---- I like English. --我喜歡英語。
---- Me too. --我也喜歡。
---- Have more wine? --再來點(diǎn)酒喝嗎?
---- Not me. --我可不要了。
b.在表示比較的非正式的文體中,常用賓格代替主格。 但如果比較狀語的謂語保留,則主語只能用主格。
He is taller than I/me.
He is taller than I am.
2) 主格代替賓格
a. 在介詞but,except 后,有時(shí)可用主格代替賓格。
b. 在電話用語中常用主格。
---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和瑪麗通話。
---- This is she. --我就是瑪麗。
注意:在動(dòng)詞be 或to be 后的人稱代詞視其前面的名詞或代詞而定。
I thought it was she. 我以為是她?! ?主格----主格)
I thought it to be her. (賓格----賓格)
I was taken to be she. 我被當(dāng)成了她?! ?主格----主格)
They took me to be her. 他們把我當(dāng)成了她。 (賓格----賓格)
并列人稱代詞的排列順序
1) 單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?BR> 第二人稱 -> 第三人稱 -> 第一人稱
you -> he/she; it -> I
You, he and I should return on time.
2) 復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞作主語時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?BR> 第一人稱 -> 第二人稱 -> 第三人稱
we -> you -> They
注意:在下列情況中,第一人稱放在前面。
a. 在承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤,承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí),
It was I and John that made her angry.
是我和約翰惹她生氣了。
b. 在長輩對(duì)晚輩,長官對(duì)下屬說話時(shí),如長官為第一人稱, 如:I and you try to finish it.
c. 并列主語只有第一人稱和第三人稱時(shí),
d. 當(dāng)其它人稱代詞或名詞被定語從句修飾時(shí)。
2.物主代詞
物主代詞有兩大類,一般形容詞性物主代詞做定語;名詞性物主代詞做主語、賓語和表語。
1)物主代詞既有表示所屬的作用又有指代作用,例如:
John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.
約翰割破了手指,顯而易見,他桌子上有個(gè)破玻璃杯。
物主代詞有形容詞性(my, your等)和名詞性(mine, yours等)兩種,形容詞性的物主代詞屬于限定詞。
名詞性的物主代詞在用法上相當(dāng)于省略了中心名詞的 --'s屬格結(jié)構(gòu),例如:
Jack's cap 意為 The cap is Jack's.
His cap 意為 The cap is his.
2) 名詞性物主代詞的句法功能
a. 作主語,例如:
May I use your pen? Yours works better.
我可以用一用你的鋼筆嗎? 你的比我的好用。
b. 作賓語,例如:
I love my motherland as much as you love yours.
我愛我的祖國就像你愛你的祖國一樣深。
c. 作介詞賓語,例如:
Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.
你應(yīng)當(dāng)按我所用的詞義去解釋我說的話,而不能按你自己的意義去解釋。
d. 作主語補(bǔ)語,例如:
The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命屬于你,屬于你,屬于你。
雙重所有格
物主代詞不可與 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等詞一起前置,修飾一個(gè)名詞,而必須用雙重所有格。
公式為:
a, an, this, that +名詞+of +名詞性物主代詞。如:
a friend of mine. each brother of his.
3.反身代詞
反身代詞由形容詞性物主代詞加-self或-selves構(gòu)成 如:myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves
反身代詞在句子中可充當(dāng)賓語、表語和同位語。
1) 列表
myself yourself yourselves herself himself ourselves themselves itself oneself
2)做賓語
a. 有些動(dòng)詞需有反身代詞
absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave
We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我們昨晚玩得很開心。
Please help yourself to some fish. 請(qǐng)你隨便吃點(diǎn)魚。
b. 用于及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+介詞
take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.
I could not dress (myself) up at that time. 那個(gè)時(shí)候我不能打扮我自己。
注:有些動(dòng)詞后不跟反身代詞, get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。
Please sit down. 請(qǐng)坐。
3) 作表語; 同位語
be oneself: I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。
The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。
4) 在不強(qiáng)調(diào)的情況下,but, except, for 等介詞后賓語用反身代詞或人稱代詞賓格均可。如:No one but myself (me) is hurt.
注意:
a. 反身代詞本身不能單獨(dú)作主語。
(錯(cuò)) Myself drove the car.
(對(duì)) I myself drove the car. 我自己開車。
b. 但在and, or, nor連接的并列主語中,第二個(gè)主語可用反身代詞,特別是myself 作主語。
Charles and myself saw it.
5)第二人稱作賓語,要用反身代詞。
You should be proud of yourself. 你應(yīng)為自己感到驕傲。
4. 指示代詞
1) 指示代詞分單數(shù)(this/that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these/those)兩種形式,既可作限定詞又可做代詞,例如:
單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
限定詞:This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.
代詞: This is Mary. Those are my teachers.
2) 指示代詞的句法功能;
a. 作主語
This is the way to do it. 這事兒就該這樣做。
b. 作賓語
I like this better than that. 我喜歡這個(gè)甚至那個(gè)。
c. 作主語補(bǔ)語
My point is this. 我的觀點(diǎn)就是如此。
d. 作介詞賓語
I don't say no to that. 我并未拒絕那個(gè)。
There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。
說明1:
指示代詞在作主語時(shí)可指物也可指人,但作其它句子成分時(shí)只能指物,不能指人,例如:
(對(duì))That is my teacher. 那是我的老師。( that作主語,指人)
(對(duì))He is going to marry this girl. 他要和這個(gè)姑娘結(jié)婚。(this作限定詞)
(錯(cuò))He is going to marry this. (this作賓語時(shí)不能指人)
(對(duì))I bought this. 我買這個(gè)。(this指物,可作賓語)
說明2:
That和those可作定語從句的先行詞,但this和 these不能,同時(shí),在作先行詞時(shí),只有those可指人,試比較:
(對(duì)) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。
(對(duì)) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)
(錯(cuò)) He admired that who danced well. (that作賓語時(shí)不能指人)
(對(duì)) He admired those who danced well. 他贊賞跳舞好的人。(those指人)
(對(duì)) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。(those指物)