2016年全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試四級(jí)全真預(yù)測(cè)卷聽力(4)

    
    
    
    　　Part A
    　　Henrv Alfred Kissinger was born in Germany of Jewish nationality on May 27，1 923．He came to the United States in l938 and became a US citizen in l943．He served in the US Army in World War II from1943 to 1946．He studied political science at Harvard University and got his doctoral degree there．He also taught there from l954 until l969．He was a unique teacher and admired by his students．
    　　Dr KissirIger entered government service in l969 and eventually became the most celebrated American Secretarv of State since Thomas Jefferson．He was chief foreign policy advisor and Secretary of State to Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford．Among Kissinger’s achievements were the restoration of US relations with the People’s Republic of China and the arrangement—by“shuttle diplomacy”一0f a cease- fire between the Israelis and the Arabs in the Arab-Israeli War of 1973．He also negotiated a cease-fire in Vietnam and was awarded Nobel Peace Prize for l 973 for his role in US troops withdrawing from Vietnam．
    　　Part B
    　　Today’s lecture will include the most outstanding achievements in biology as it relates to the medical sciences．
    　　Earlv in Greek history，Hippocrates，who lived from 460 to 370 BC，began to study the human body and to apply scientific methods to the problems of diagnosis and the treatment of diseases．He kept careful records of symptoms and treatments，indicating the success or failure of the patient’s cure．He has been recognized as the father of modern medicine．
    　　About a century later，Aristotle began fl scientific study of plants and animals，classifying more than five hundred types on the basis of body structure．Because of his great contribution to the field，Aristotle has been called the father of biology．
    　　During the Middle Ages，scientific method was Scorned in favor of alchemy．Some scientists were even
    　　imprisoned for carrying OUt their investigations．
    　　ThUS,medicine and biology had advanced very little from the time of the ancients until the seventeenth century when the English physician and anatomist Wmiam Harvery discovered a mechanism for the circulation of the blood in the body．
    　　By the end of the eighteenth century，Edward Jenner had discovered a vaccine against smallpox．His
    　　 contribution not only controlled the disease itself，but also established the science of immunization．
    　　Louis Pasteur’s theories about germs and bacteria advanced in the nineteenth century are considered by many to be the greatest single contribution of biology to medicine．Within a few decades，the causes were isolated for such ancient diseases as leprosy，plague，diphtheria，and tuberculosis．
    　　But the advances of the twentieth century in curative and preventive medicine and biology are far more n啪erous than all other periods combined．Consider that the sterilization of surgical instruments，largelyi the idea of Sir Joseph Lister，is fl process only 75 years old．Sulfur drugs，antibiotics，and X-rays are discoveries of the past 50 years．
    　　Part C
    　　Question ll～13 are based on a special TV news report about the three astronauts returning from a space flight．You now have l5 seconds to read Questions 11～13．
    　　We interrupt this program to bring you a special news bulletin-The three astronauts have splashed down safely in the Pacific Ocean，145 miles southwest of Hawaii，only six miles from the aircraft carrier that was dispatched for the recovery mission．The space capsule floated down on three parachutes and landed right-side-up in the water．Mission Contr01in Houston，which is in constant communication with the astronauts，confirmed that the parachutes and landing systems had functioned properly．Mission Control has advised the astronauts to remain inside the capsule until they are lifted aboard the aircraft carrier．An Air Force helicopter is already hovering above the capsule and seven divers are in the process of attaching lines to the spacecraft．The astronauts have returned after fifteen days in space．Possibly one of the most important accomplishments of this mission was the extensive photographing of the sun’s surface．After two days of physical examinations and observation，the astronauts will fly to Houston where they will be reunited with their families．They plan to return to Mission Control on Thursday to hold a news eonference．
    　　Ladies and gentlemen，we have confirmation that the astronauts are now aboard the aircraft carrier． They seem to be in very good condition as they prepare for the welcoming ceremonies．For more about the splash-down．watch the seven 0’clock news report on Channel l2，NBC．
    　　Questions l4～16 are based on a talk about graffiti，an art form for some people or violence for others．
    　　‰now have l5 seconds to read Questions 14～16．
    　　Graffiti is drawing or writing often found in a wall in public places．These drawings and writings are usually rude，humorous，or political．The words“graffiti”comes from an Italian word meaning address． Graffiti provides a record of the past because people have written on walls for centuries．Cave drawings are the earliest examples we have of the art of graffiti．
    　　Writing on walls is a way to comment on the world we live in．Women’s liberation groups in Britain， for example，have used graffiti to show their anger at the sex discrimination of many advertisements where women’s bodies are used to sell goods．
    　　Yesterday’s graffiti can be today’s foreign attraction．When the Berlin wall came down in l989，people found that it was covered with graffiti from all over the world．Graves of famous people，like rock-star Jim Morrison，are covered with written messages from fans．
    　　Graffiti is also a popular art form．Graffiti pictures have gained respect in artistic circles．Today， graffiti is likely to be found hanging inside modern New York apartments as well as in downtown streets． In New York．graffiti pictures have been sold for hundreds or thousands of doliars．Graffiti artists have been paid to use their art to brighten up dull environments．
    　　But graffiti can bring us trouble．Scenes of natural beauty and important landmarks have been spoiled by mindless graffiti．The London underground authority has spent about 2 million pounds a year on removing graffiti from trains and stations．If you are caught doing it，you can be sent to prison．In Britain， the maximum sentence for this type of crime is ten years．
    　　Whether you think graffiti is mindless violence against property，or a living art form，its popularity　suggests that it is here to stay．
    　　 Questions l 7～20 are based On a radio infervieW about diVarce．you now have 20 seconds to read Questions17～20．
    　　M：Dear audiences，today we’11 talk about divorce and its effect on children．Our guest is Jennifer Benzes. Thank you for comin9，Jennifer．Do you mind saying something about your divorce?
    　　W：N0．I got divorced years ago．Even worse，I got divorced when I had small children．
    　　M：Have you thought of the effect divorce may have on your children?Their needs can be forgotten as
    　　parents are struggling to reestablish their lives．
    　　W：Of course，we hve．We are definitely more aware of the impact on children．After all we are not faInous people who trade spouses like shoes．For most of US divorce is not entered into lightly．We all suffer．Anyway，we try to comfort our children．
    　　M：How?
    　　W：We tell them we love them and will always do． M：You haven’t thought of saving the marriage?
    　　W：Yes，we have．We would do anything to spare our children pain．But you know，fixing a marriage ls
    　　not like changing a tire．Family conflicts may take hold like a cancer．
    　　M：Then divorce is the only way to get rid of it．
    　　W：It’s true with me．Others may succeed in fixin9．
    　　M：Yet m0st peOple belleve a bad marriage is better for children than a divorce．According to a recent pool,nlore people today think parents should stay together for the sake of the children．What do you think?
    　　W：I think the cOst of staying together is worse than the benefits．Parents quarrelling and fighting all day may do more harm to their children．
    　　M：What do you want society to do for you?
    　　W：Understand us，not curse us．More importantly，they should help US share the loss and build a better
    　　 futllre
    　　Section I Listening Comprehension
    　　Part A
    　　1．Jewish。獨(dú)自第一句話即用of Jewish mtionality(*民族)說(shuō)明了基辛格的民族。注意nationality在此不是“國(guó)籍”，因?yàn)镚ermany在下面的Birthplace(出生地)一欄中出現(xiàn)了。另外，考生應(yīng)注意表格中的信,gjl頤序并不是材料中信息交代的順序。
    　　2．P0litical。答案在獨(dú)白第四句：He studied political science…(他在哈佛大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)政治學(xué))。
    　　3．Harvard。答案對(duì)應(yīng)于獨(dú)白第五句：He also taught there from l954 until l969，其中there就是指上一句中的Harvard Unive。sity。獨(dú)自中只出現(xiàn)了這一個(gè)大學(xué)名，考生要注意的還是信息出現(xiàn)的順序問題。
    　　4．Government。答案信息位于第七句：Dr Kissinger entered government service in l969。
    　　5．1973。獨(dú)自最后一句指出了基辛格獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的時(shí)間是1973年。該句中只出現(xiàn)了這一個(gè)時(shí)間，考
    　　生要聽清的是它與事件之間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。
    　　Part B
    　　6．modern medicine。答案信息對(duì)應(yīng)于獨(dú)白第四句：He has been…the father of modern medicine。因?yàn)?span id="5mq0x21" class=Apple-converted-space>
    　　該段談?wù)摰木褪枪畔ＥD的Hippocrates，所以此句中的He指代的就是他。
    　　7．Plants and animals。獨(dú)白第五句中指出：Aristotle began a scientific study of plants and animals，題目只是變成特殊疑問句，針對(duì)此句中的介詞賓語(yǔ)提問。
    　　8．The seventeenth／17th(century)。獨(dú)白首先談到了Hippocrates，然后是Aristotle，接著在獨(dú)白中部談到了William Harvery。本題對(duì)應(yīng)于獨(dú)自中一句....until the seventeenth century when…William Harvery discovered…，考生可以用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字以提高答題速度和準(zhǔn)確性。
    　　9．gern幡and bacteria。獨(dú)自倒數(shù)第二段談及的是Louis Pasteur，其中第一句話即指出：Louis Pasteur’S theories about germs and bacteria advanced…，題目只是表達(dá)稍有不同。
    　　10．far more nnnlernllks。獨(dú)自最后一段將20世紀(jì)醫(yī)學(xué)和生物的進(jìn)步與前面談及的各個(gè)階段的發(fā)展進(jìn)行了對(duì)比，其中第一句說(shuō)：But the advances of the twentieth century…are far more numerous than…，即20世紀(jì)的進(jìn)步要比以前各個(gè)階段加起來(lái)還多得多。
    　　Part C
    　　11．[C]。這是一則新聞報(bào)道。在報(bào)道的第二句中，說(shuō)話者明確指出：The three astronauts have splashed down safely in the Pacific Ocean，145 miles southwest of Hawaii…(三名宇航員安全降落在離夏威夷西南145英里的太平洋上……)。對(duì)照選項(xiàng)，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)只有[C]符合原文。
    　　12．[C]。獨(dú)白在整體說(shuō)明了宇航員降落情況之后，獨(dú)白又介紹了任務(wù)控制中心的說(shuō)法，以及對(duì)于空間艙的打撈和接回宇航員們的情況，然后介紹了一些必要的背景知識(shí)，最后才回到宇航員們身上來(lái)，其中有一句指出：…the astronauts will fly to Houston where they will be reunited with their families，說(shuō)明他們是到Huston后才和家人匯合。聽清了這一句就不難選出正確答案。
    　　13．[D]。本題雖然也是細(xì)節(jié)題，但由于其對(duì)應(yīng)的信息出現(xiàn)并沒有按照題目順序來(lái)，所以不少考生出現(xiàn)了誤選。其實(shí)，在介紹背景知識(shí)時(shí)，獨(dú)自中有一句：The astronauts have returned after fifteen days in space，因此本題答案就是[D]。
    　　14．[D]。獨(dú)自談?wù)摰氖峭盔f藝術(shù)的起源、作用及給社會(huì)帶來(lái)的利弊。在第二段第二句中指出：Women’S llberation groups…h(huán)ave used graffiti to show their anger at the sex discrimination…，即婦女解放團(tuán)體用涂鴉來(lái)表達(dá)她們對(duì)性別歧視的憤慨，[D]只是將show改成了express。
    　　15．[B]。獨(dú)自第四段談?wù)摰氖峭盔f是一種藝術(shù)形式，并以紐約為例，說(shuō)明了人們對(duì)這種藝術(shù)形式的正面反應(yīng)。綜合這一段的內(nèi)容可知[B]正確。
    　　16．[C]。文章倒數(shù)第二段說(shuō)的是涂鴉的反面作用，其中第一句(主題句)即指出涂鴉可能會(huì)帶來(lái)麻煩，然后以倫敦地鐵中的涂鴉及*對(duì)此的懲罰措施為例，就是為了說(shuō)明涂鴉有時(shí)會(huì)是一種犯罪行為，選[C]。
    　　17．[C]。由第一個(gè)話輪中男士的最后一句話中的about your divorce可知女士已經(jīng)離婚，而由女士回答韻后一句：I got divorced when I had small children可知她離婚時(shí)有不止一個(gè)小孩，因此[C]是正確答案。
    　　18．[A]。本題實(shí)際上考查的是對(duì)第二個(gè)話輪中女士回答的理解。她在第四句話中指出：For most of US divorce is not entered into lightly，即大多數(shù)人并非隨意離婚的，反過來(lái)就是說(shuō)她認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)嚴(yán)肅對(duì)待離婚，故[A]對(duì)。注意[B]是男士的觀點(diǎn)，由女士在這一話輪的最后一句也可知女士并不這么認(rèn)為。
    　　l9．[D]。在第四個(gè)話輪中，女士指出彌合出現(xiàn)裂痕的婚姻并不像修補(bǔ)輪胎一樣(簡(jiǎn)單)，并把家庭沖突比喻成癌癥，而在下一個(gè)話輪中她又說(shuō)有些人可能會(huì)成功地修復(fù)婚姻關(guān)系，因此綜合起來(lái)可知應(yīng)選[D]。
    　　20．[C]。答案信息對(duì)應(yīng)于女士的最后一句話：they should help US…a better future，其中的US指的就是以女士為代表的離婚者，選項(xiàng)中只有Ec]與這一句的意思最接近。