2016年托福聽力筆記要極力避免的錯誤思路

    記筆記錯誤思路：多記筆記，盡量每句話都抓關(guān)鍵詞記錄(盡量保證每個題目都能在筆記上找到完美對應(yīng))
    錯誤點和原因：
    (1) 提倡多記筆記背后的動機在于如果能把聽到的都寫下來，那么即使出現(xiàn)聽不懂的情況，筆記也可以幫助做題。但任何人的腦容量和精力都有限，在沒有保證以聽為主的情況下，多記筆記一定會導(dǎo)致聽內(nèi)容和梳理整合的精力減少，后就會記錄了很多聽到的句子里發(fā)音明確的原詞。但ETS完全懂學(xué)生的做題心理，于是有很多錯誤選項直接包含同一段里發(fā)音明確的學(xué)生通常都會聽到的詞，于是學(xué)生成功入坑。而且很多考生都有一旦聽不懂開始多記筆記的時候就發(fā)展到狂記甚至亂記筆記的經(jīng)歷。下面結(jié)合TPO31L1說明，大家先自行聽完開始至49秒的內(nèi)容，之后做主題題。
    What is the maintopic of the lecture?
    A. The history of Greek music from ancient timesto the past
    B. The influence of ancient Greek music on themusic of neighboring countries
    C. The characteristics of ancient Greek songs
    D. The attitude of the ancient Greek towardmusic
    原文對應(yīng)內(nèi)容：
    Today we are going to do something a littledifferent. In the past few classes, we've listened to traditional music fromaround the world and we've talked about the characteristics of these music,what makes these styles distinctive, what kinds of instruments are used. Andyou've talked about what sounds familiar to you and what sounds strange. Andmany of you found some of what we've listened to very strange indeed.
    Well, today I want to start talking aboutwestern music and I am going to start in ancient Greece.
    But, now here's part that's different. We'renot going to talk very much about the actual music. Instead, we are going totalk about what the Greeks believed about music.
    Now, thereare some very good reasons to approach the material in this way.
    該題正確選項為D，很多學(xué)生錯選C。你可以回顧剛才的筆記，是否記了traditional music characteristicinstrument familiar strange 這些詞，老師很明顯說到in the past fewclasses，代表音樂特征是之前內(nèi)容，所以C已經(jīng)不能選。你還可以回顧筆記，是否甚至知道后面才是主題句而且寫了believe原詞，仍舊選了C。原因就在于很簡短的what the ancient Greeks believed about music在你記錄believe的時候已經(jīng)說完了，而你并沒有理解這句話的意思，所以正確選項同義替換成attitude的時候，你并不能迅速對應(yīng)。
    (2) 有個概念叫做重復(fù)性解釋，也是閱讀和聽力里一直講的新舊信息。一個觀點第說明，是新的信息;再重復(fù)說明，就變成舊的信息。比如一個人說，“我男票對我脾氣特別好，從來不對我發(fā)脾氣，我對他發(fā)脾氣他也好言好語和我說話，每次我生氣都特別耐心地哄我，從來不對我大聲講話”。除了脾氣特別好，后面全部都是在重復(fù)解釋。你能想象如果一個人把筆記記成“脾氣好不發(fā)脾氣 好言好語說話 特別耐心哄我 不對我大聲”， 這個場景有多么地讓人崩潰嗎?!下面結(jié)合TPO20L3folktale說明，原文如下：
    All right, so now we've talked about folklegends and seen that their... one of their key features is there's usuallysome real history behind them.They are often about real people, so you canidentify with the characters, and that's what engages us in them.The particularstories might not be true and some of the characters or events might be madeup.But there's still a sense that the story could have been true since it isabout a real person.
    第一句說明上節(jié)課講了民間傳說，關(guān)鍵特征是有real history。第二句說他們關(guān)于real people，很吸引人，重復(fù)信息。第三句先讓步說有些有些特定故事可能是假的，但仍感覺故事could have been true，重復(fù)信息。這段話的結(jié)構(gòu)就是段意句加兩句重復(fù)解釋，筆記上呈現(xiàn)的就是Δ real，多記一個字都是在浪費你的筆你的紙你的精力你的腦力!
    (3)抓每句話關(guān)鍵信息，反而沒精力整合信息，忽略了整體邏輯。我看到有老師教出這樣的筆記(TPO26L2)大家可以一起來看看:
    這篇文章講的是對carbon cycling很重要的trace metal。這個學(xué)生記了三次筆記，我們以終第三個版本為例。我標(biāo)記1的地方學(xué)生記了圈1，按正常邏輯后面應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)2，可筆記之后再沒有2。原文中有沒有并列呢?
    看下面兩句話：And one trace metal that serves a nutritive function is zinc.Instead, this new enzyme incorporates another trace metal - cadmium. 所以文章明顯并列講了兩種trace metal。
    再看標(biāo)記3的地方，professor提到zinc之后，必然會講到zinc的具體作用，這個學(xué)生筆記里比較明顯的是記下了一個過程。但原文該段邏輯是什么呢?
    Zincassists in a number of processes in humans, but we are going to focus on justone, one that applies to a number of organisms, not just humans. See, zincplays a major role in carbon cycling, the conversion of various kinds ofmolecules with carbon, like carbon dioxide into other kinds of molecules withcarbon that organisms can use. So, take respiration。
    老師舉了呼吸的例子來解釋zinc對人的重要性。具體解釋完畢之后，又說And it's alsoextremely important for plants，意味著zinc對植物同樣重要。所以該段也是并列邏輯，講zinc對人和植物都很重要。那么筆記上應(yīng)該呈現(xiàn)的是小1和小2。同樣標(biāo)記4的地方，原文對應(yīng)內(nèi)容也是非常明顯的并列邏輯，但學(xué)生筆記同樣沒有顯示。
    這樣的一篇筆記，不管在句子層面花了多大功夫，都是一篇完全無效的沒有任何邏輯的筆記，那么對這篇文章進(jìn)行的分析就是完全無效的分析。
    (4)有種信息叫常識性信息，或者有時候我叫白癡級信息。什么意思?sediment沉淀物大家都知道，romanticism浪漫主義大家都知道，那么老師如果進(jìn)行解釋，不管這個解釋聽起來多專業(yè)，這就是又長又臭的廢話。以TPO21L4講畫家Alice Neel的文章為例，原文如下：
    What's realism,Alison?
    It's like paintingsomething exactly how it is, so an artist would try to make it as accurate,um... and objective as possible. Painting stuff just how it appears on thesurface.
    這就是赤**的廢話。記任何一個單詞，都是在浪費智商。