小學(xué)英語語法-代詞

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代詞是代替名詞的詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語中的代詞可以分為九類:人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞。
    一、 人稱代詞
    1、人稱代詞是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我們"、"你們"、"他們"的詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化,見下表:
     單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
    格 主格 賓格 主格 賓格
    第一人稱 I me we us
    第二人稱 you you you you
    第三人稱 he him they them
    she her they them
    it it they them
    2、人稱代詞的用法
    (1)代詞作主語時用主格,作賓語時用賓格:
    He has great concern for them. 他很關(guān)心他們。
    They all like him very much. 他們都很喜歡他。
    She gave the books to you and me. 這些書是她送給你和我的。
       (2)人稱代詞作表語時,用賓格時較多,特別是在口語中,例如:
    Who is knocking at the door?- It’s me. 誰敲門?-是我。
    If I were her, I would take the advice. 我要是她就接收這個意見。
    Imagine yourself to be me. 設(shè)想你是我。
    但在下面這種結(jié)構(gòu)中卻常用主格:
    It was he who did it.
    It is she who wants it.
    在表示比較的非正式的文體中,常用賓格代替主格:
    He is more intelligent than her.
    He is taller than I am.
    3、在使用人稱代詞時還應(yīng)注意以下幾點:
    (1)we, you兩詞有時可用來泛指一般人:
    We (you) have to be cautious under such circumstances.
    在這樣的情況下大家應(yīng)特別小心。
    We (You) should keep calm even when we (you) are in danger.
    即使在危急時刻也要保持冷靜。
    They也可用來泛指某一些人:
    They don’t allow us to smoke here. 這兒不讓抽煙。(They代表誰不清楚)
    They don’t make decent furniture nowadays. 現(xiàn)今做不出象樣的家具。
    (2)she可以用來代表國家、船只、大地、月亮等:
    I think England will do what she promised to do. 我想英國會履行她的諾言。
    The “Easter” is due in tomorrow, isn’t she? 東方號輪船明天進(jìn)港,是嗎?
    (3)在并列的主語中,I總放在最后:
    Mr. Wang and I are in charge of the work. 我和王先生負(fù)責(zé)這項工作。