1. What do both theories assume to be true?
[ A ] That new material is continually being formed.
[ B ] That，in time，the universe will contract
[ C ] That the universe is expanding at present.
[ D ] That “a big bang” started the expansion.
2. According to Lemaitre, the separate galaxies formed _______。
[ A ] during a pause in the expansion of the universe
[ B ] at the time of the primeval explosion
[ C ] and will continue to form for ever
[ D ] when all the matter in the universe was all concentrated in one small mass
3. What is the basic difference between the two classes of theories?
[ A ] It concerns the place and time of the formation of matter.
[ B ] It is whether the universe will continue to expand or not.
[ C ] It is the current state of the universe.
[ D ] The variations on evolutionary theories cause the difference.
4. According to Hoyle and his friends at Cambridge, _______。
[ A ] the explosion occurred much earlier than Lemaitre suggested
[ B ] it is hard to see how matter could be formed in this way
[ C ] the expansion of the universe is not a real one
[ D ] new material is continually being created
5. We see distant galaxies as they were long, long ago because _______。
[ A ] they were closer together then
[ B ] the universe has always looked as the same
[ C ] their light takes so long to reach us
[ D ] they have travelled such a long way
本文探討了關(guān)于宇宙形成的兩種對(duì)立理論，一種是演化理論，一種是常態(tài)理論。演化理論認(rèn)為宇宙中的所有物質(zhì)原本集中于一個(gè)小團(tuán)內(nèi)，后來(lái)發(fā)生爆炸，散發(fā)出其物質(zhì)，當(dāng)爆炸慢下來(lái)時(shí)，便形成了穩(wěn)態(tài)和星系。這種理論認(rèn)為宇宙于一個(gè)時(shí)刻在一點(diǎn)形成，形成之后就不斷膨脹。有些宇宙學(xué)家認(rèn)為宇宙將膨脹到極點(diǎn)，再收縮到一點(diǎn)，再膨脹，不斷輪回。而常態(tài)理論認(rèn)為宇宙永遠(yuǎn)保持不變，將來(lái)也不會(huì)有任何變化，新物質(zhì)形成代替舊物質(zhì)，使宇宙保持永恒。觀測(cè)證據(jù)支持了演化理論，駁斥了常態(tài)理論。答案及解析
1.A【解析】由全文對(duì)兩種理論對(duì)比看，B、C、D均不是兩種理論共有
的論點(diǎn)，只有A是。
2.B 【解析】由第一段中的“This primeval atom exploded for...at which time the galaxies formed.”可知。
3.B 【解析】由第一段最后一句“However，basically，evolutionary theories take it that…h(huán)as been expanding ever since.”可知，兩種理論的根本區(qū)別在于對(duì)“宇宙是否會(huì)繼續(xù)膨脹?”這一問(wèn)題的不同看法。
4.D 【解析】由短文第三段可知，劍橋的Hoyle和他的朋友認(rèn)為，新物質(zhì)一直在被創(chuàng)造。
5.C【解析】由短文第四段中的“Since the very distant galaxies are thou—sands of millions of light years away，then we are seeing them as they were thousands of millions of years a90.”可知。