Why is fishing the writer's favourite sport?
Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching1 anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything -- not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'You must give up fishing!' my friends say. 'It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!
New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)
catch v. 抓到
fisherman n. 釣魚(yú)人，漁民
boot n. 靴子
waste n. 浪費(fèi)
realize v. 意識(shí)到
參考譯文
釣魚(yú)是我特別喜愛(ài)的一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。我經(jīng)常一釣數(shù)小時(shí)卻一無(wú)所獲，但我從不為此煩惱。有些垂釣者就是不走運(yùn)，他們往往魚(yú)釣不到，卻釣上來(lái)些舊靴子和垃圾。我的運(yùn)氣甚至還不及他們。我什么東西也未釣到過(guò) -- 就連舊靴子也沒(méi)有。我總是在河上呆上整整一上午，然后空著袋子回家?！澳憧蓜e再釣魚(yú)了！”我的朋友們說(shuō)，“這是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間?！比欢麄儧](méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到重要的一點(diǎn)，我并不是真的對(duì)釣魚(yú)有興趣，我感興趣的只是獨(dú)坐孤舟，無(wú)所事事！
自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀
1．I often fish for hours without catching anything. 我經(jīng)常一釣數(shù)小時(shí)卻一無(wú)所獲。
without 通常表示“缺乏”、“沒(méi)有”：
I can't repair the car without your help.
沒(méi)有你的幫助我無(wú)法修理這車(chē)。
當(dāng)它位于動(dòng)名詞前時(shí)，它表示“不曾”、“不”：
They tried to leave the restaurant without paying.
他們企圖不付賬就離開(kāi)餐館。
John left the room without telling anyone.
約翰離開(kāi)房間時(shí)不曾告訴任何人。
2．Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. 他們往往魚(yú)釣不到，卻釣上來(lái)些舊靴子和垃圾。
instead有“作為替代”、“反而”等含義，一般以短語(yǔ)形式instead of出現(xiàn)：
Jack2 took part in the race instead of Tony.
杰克代替托尼參加了比賽。
Instead of sugar, he bought some salt.
他沒(méi)有買(mǎi)糖，而是買(mǎi)了些鹽。
副詞instead單獨(dú)使用時(shí)一般出現(xiàn)在句尾：
If you don't want a holiday in England, why don't you go to Australia instead?
如果你不想在英國(guó)度假，那你為什么不去澳大利亞呢？
3．I am even less lucky. 我的運(yùn)氣甚至還不及他們。
less是little的比較級(jí)，意為“不及”、“不如”、“更少”：
Tom has got little chocolate, and Jack has got even less.
湯姆只有一點(diǎn)兒巧克力，杰克則更少。
I spend less time on English than on French.
我花在英語(yǔ)上的時(shí)間比花在法語(yǔ)上的少。
（cf. 第8課語(yǔ)法）
4．…I always go home with an empty bag. ……然后空著袋子回家。
with可以表示“有……的”、“持有……的”、“隨身帶著……”等：
Who's the man with the umbrella?
那個(gè)帶傘的男人是誰(shuí)？
Who's the man with the beard?
那個(gè)留胡子的男人是誰(shuí)？
Who's the woman with the little boy?
帶著那個(gè)小男孩的女人是誰(shuí)？
5．I'm not really interested in fishing. 我并不是真的對(duì)釣魚(yú)有興趣。
表示“對(duì)……感興趣”一般用be interested in sth. /doing sth.:
Tim is only interested in food.
蒂姆只對(duì)食物感興趣。
I'm interested in collecting stamps.
我對(duì)集郵有興趣。
語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use
動(dòng)名詞（The Gerund）（1）
動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的形式完全一樣，都是由動(dòng)詞+-ing構(gòu)成。-ing 形式作名詞時(shí)稱(chēng)為動(dòng)名詞。從廣義上講，動(dòng)名詞可以代替名詞，盡管它像動(dòng)詞一樣可帶賓語(yǔ)。像名詞一樣，它可以作主語(yǔ)：
Dancing is fun. I love it.
跳舞有意思，我喜歡跳舞。
Walking quickly is difficult.
走快是很難的。（動(dòng)名詞+副詞作主語(yǔ)）
Washing the car makes him dirty.
擦洗汽車(chē)把他身上弄臟了。（動(dòng)名詞+賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)）
動(dòng)名詞也可以作賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)：
Mary is keen3 on cooking.
瑪麗熱衷于烹調(diào)。（介詞賓語(yǔ)）
Congratulations4 on passing your exams!
祝賀你通過(guò)考試！
可以帶動(dòng)名詞的介詞通常有 before，after，instead of，without 等。用介詞+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以將兩個(gè)短句合為一句話(huà)，或者將一個(gè)從句變?yōu)閯?dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)名詞的否定式是在它前面直接加not：
Tom always knocks before entering a room.
湯姆在走進(jìn)一個(gè)房間前總要敲門(mén)。
He apologized for not writing to you.
他為沒(méi)給你寫(xiě)信而表示道歉。
動(dòng)名詞也可以用表示完成時(shí)的 having +過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)：
You can't leave the restaurant without having paid the bill.
在沒(méi)有付賬之前你不能離開(kāi)飯店。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1．catch vt.
（1）捉住，逮住，捕獲：
The police have caught the thief.
警察已逮住那個(gè)小偷。
Have you caught any fish today?
你今天釣到魚(yú)了嗎？
（2）抓住，握?。?BR> Tom caught the thief by the arm.
湯姆抓住小偷的胳膊。
Can you catch the ball?
你能接住球嗎？
（3）及時(shí)趕到，趕上：
I want to catch the eight nineteen(train) to London.
我想趕8點(diǎn)19分的火車(chē)去倫敦。
2．realize vt.
（1）實(shí)現(xiàn)（希望、目標(biāo)、愿望等）：
She has realized her hope to be an actress.
她實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己當(dāng)一名演員的愿望。
（2）使變?yōu)槭聦?shí)，使發(fā)生（常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）：
This plan can never be realized.
這個(gè)計(jì)劃永遠(yuǎn)不可能變成事實(shí)。
（3）認(rèn)識(shí)，知道，明白，意識(shí)到：
I went into the wrong room without realizing it.
我無(wú)意中走錯(cuò)了房間。
I hope you realize that you've made a big mistake.
我希望你明白你已經(jīng)犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。
realize 和understand表示這個(gè)意思時(shí)有時(shí)可以互換，有時(shí)則不可以。在上面的例句中，第1句不可用 understand，第2句則可以。又如：
I an did not understand English.
伊恩不懂英語(yǔ)。（不可用 realize）
3．interested與interesting
大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞和許多過(guò)去分詞都可以作形容詞用。常見(jiàn)的以-ed和-ing結(jié)尾的成對(duì)的形容詞有 excited/ exciting, tired/ tiring, interested/ interesting等。以-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞常與人稱(chēng)主語(yǔ)連用，表示人的情緒、狀態(tài)、喜好等；以-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞則常與非人稱(chēng)主語(yǔ)連用，表明事物的某種特征、性質(zhì)等：
This story is exciting.
這故事激動(dòng)人心。
I am excited by the story.
我因這故事而興奮。
It was an exciting finish.
（比賽的）結(jié)尾激動(dòng)人心。
Sally was very excited because she had never travelled on a train before.
薩莉非常激動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗龔奈闯诉^(guò)火車(chē)。
The play was very interesting.
戲很有意思。
Are you interested in plays?
你對(duì)戲劇有興趣嗎？
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
1．關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
A Fishing(1.1); catching(11.1-2); catching(1. 3); having spent(1.5); fishing(1.6); fishing… sitting(1.8); doing (1.9)
C 1 he went out of the restaurant without paying the bill.
2 She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes.
3 She was afraid of spending the night alone.
4 After hearing/having heard the news, she fainted5.
5 Think carefully before answering my question.
6 On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed6 for cover.
2．難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
1realized 2It's…understand…its 3exciting 4interesting 5exciting 6interested
3．多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
1b 2c 3b 4b 5c 6b
7c 8a 9c 10c 11d 12a
【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語(yǔ)
★catch v. 抓到
catch fish,catch thief
catch cold：染上感冒
catch a bus：趕車(chē)
catch one's breath7：摒住呼吸
catch sight of(see)：看見(jiàn)
catch fire：著火
catch one's eyes：吸引某人注意力
★fisherman n. 釣魚(yú)人，漁民
★boot n. 靴子
a pair of boots
★waste n. 浪費(fèi)
You are wasting time.
a waste of
It is a waste of time.
★realize v. 意識(shí)到
I realized that I was wrong.
實(shí)現(xiàn)，realize one's dream
【課文講解】
fish一般情況下作為不可數(shù)名詞用
There are a lot of fishes（表示種類(lèi)）in the sea.
fish(v.)：釣魚(yú)，捕魚(yú)
主語(yǔ)通常由名詞和代詞充當(dāng)，以及動(dòng)詞＋ing
for+時(shí)間……表示一段時(shí)間
for hours=for some hours
without(prep.)
介詞后面一定要加賓語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞＋ing：1.做主語(yǔ)；2.做賓語(yǔ)
anything用在否定句中
without作為狀語(yǔ)而出現(xiàn)，表示結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
He went out without saying any words.
Without asking for money,the boy went to school.
without 后面的動(dòng)作是主語(yǔ)來(lái)做
(v.)worry sb. The house worried me.
My daughter worried me.
(adj.)be worried about 主語(yǔ)為賓語(yǔ)而感到擔(dān)心
I was never worried about this.
instead of 后面的詞一定是沒(méi)有做的，可以放在主句后面
without強(qiáng)調(diào)沒(méi)有做某件事，instead of強(qiáng)調(diào)這件事沒(méi)做成而做成了另外一件事
我原準(zhǔn)備做……但是后來(lái)做了……
I go to school instead of staying at home.
I bought books instead of buying dresses.
less+原級(jí) (不如) : A is less ... than B
spend+時(shí)間+在某地：在某地度過(guò)……時(shí)間
after(conj.)+從句，從句主語(yǔ)必須是主句的主語(yǔ)才能換成下面一種形式
after(prep.)+名詞／動(dòng)詞的ing形式
After I go to school,I learned8 a lot of knowledge.
After going to school,I learned a lot of knowledge.
with: 帶著
without；沒(méi)帶
give up doing/stop doing：放棄做某事
be interested in 主語(yǔ)對(duì)什么感興趣
在船上 in the boat
not at all在否定句中起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用
【Key structures】
動(dòng)詞＋ing(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)可以做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)
b. be keen on,be fond of,be interested in,enjoy+動(dòng)詞ing
be afraid of
be up to ,be capable9 of
without, instead of
c. I apologize.
apologize for (not) doing sth.
thank you for...
congratulate sb. on doing sth.
Exercises C
1.without
without prep.+ doing
He went out of the restaurant without paying the bill.
2.instead of
She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes.
＝She bought a pair of boots instead of a pair of shoes.
3.of
She was afraid of spending the night alone.
4.after
after＋從句；after prep.+doing
After hearing the news,she fainted.
5.before
Think carefully before answering my question.
在回答我的問(wèn)題之前，請(qǐng)仔細(xì)考慮。
6.on
as soon as 依舊：as soon as I entered...
the moment +從句：the moment I had entered
on prep.+doing
On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed for cover.(沖進(jìn)掩護(hù)體)
【Special difficulties】
Exercises
1. I realized...意識(shí)到
2. ...It's impossible...to understand its meaning
its形容詞性物主代詞
it's = it is; it作形式主語(yǔ)
3....exciting news...
excited 感動(dòng)的
exciting 令人激動(dòng)的
on the radio 在廣播上
Eg.：I got news on the radio.
on TV; on the telephone; on the line
4....an interesting person
interested 感興趣的
interesting 有趣的
5. ...an exciting life
lead a life 過(guò)著...日子
lead a happy life
Eg.；He leads a poor life.
excited 感到激動(dòng)的
exciting 令人激動(dòng)的
如果 -ed,-ing 做形容詞定語(yǔ)，和被修飾詞有關(guān)
6....not interested in ... affairs.
interested 感興趣的
interesting 有趣的
be interested in 對(duì)……感興趣
【Multiple choice question】
2. ...enjoys...C
catching fish 抓魚(yú)
fishing 釣魚(yú)
doing nothing 什么都不做
swimming in the river 在河里游泳
enjoying doing/enjoy + n.
I enjoy books.
I enjoy reading books.
6. ...He has...B
an empty bag
one empty bag
an 指一個(gè)，強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞
one 一個(gè)，強(qiáng)調(diào) one
I have a garden.
I have one garden.
強(qiáng)調(diào)empty bag
I sent a letter.
I wrote one word.
7. ...That's...C
（that's/the) only 一般加名詞
that+從句，從句往往以特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)
that's why
that's when
that's all 那就是一切
That's all(I heard).
That's all I can remember.
the one 指東西
11. ...D
go home 習(xí)慣用法
go to the house 語(yǔ)法正確
Where are you going?
Where are you going to?
Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching1 anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything -- not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'You must give up fishing!' my friends say. 'It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!
New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)
catch v. 抓到
fisherman n. 釣魚(yú)人，漁民
boot n. 靴子
waste n. 浪費(fèi)
realize v. 意識(shí)到
參考譯文
釣魚(yú)是我特別喜愛(ài)的一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。我經(jīng)常一釣數(shù)小時(shí)卻一無(wú)所獲，但我從不為此煩惱。有些垂釣者就是不走運(yùn)，他們往往魚(yú)釣不到，卻釣上來(lái)些舊靴子和垃圾。我的運(yùn)氣甚至還不及他們。我什么東西也未釣到過(guò) -- 就連舊靴子也沒(méi)有。我總是在河上呆上整整一上午，然后空著袋子回家?！澳憧蓜e再釣魚(yú)了！”我的朋友們說(shuō)，“這是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間?！比欢麄儧](méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到重要的一點(diǎn)，我并不是真的對(duì)釣魚(yú)有興趣，我感興趣的只是獨(dú)坐孤舟，無(wú)所事事！
自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀
1．I often fish for hours without catching anything. 我經(jīng)常一釣數(shù)小時(shí)卻一無(wú)所獲。
without 通常表示“缺乏”、“沒(méi)有”：
I can't repair the car without your help.
沒(méi)有你的幫助我無(wú)法修理這車(chē)。
當(dāng)它位于動(dòng)名詞前時(shí)，它表示“不曾”、“不”：
They tried to leave the restaurant without paying.
他們企圖不付賬就離開(kāi)餐館。
John left the room without telling anyone.
約翰離開(kāi)房間時(shí)不曾告訴任何人。
2．Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. 他們往往魚(yú)釣不到，卻釣上來(lái)些舊靴子和垃圾。
instead有“作為替代”、“反而”等含義，一般以短語(yǔ)形式instead of出現(xiàn)：
Jack2 took part in the race instead of Tony.
杰克代替托尼參加了比賽。
Instead of sugar, he bought some salt.
他沒(méi)有買(mǎi)糖，而是買(mǎi)了些鹽。
副詞instead單獨(dú)使用時(shí)一般出現(xiàn)在句尾：
If you don't want a holiday in England, why don't you go to Australia instead?
如果你不想在英國(guó)度假，那你為什么不去澳大利亞呢？
3．I am even less lucky. 我的運(yùn)氣甚至還不及他們。
less是little的比較級(jí)，意為“不及”、“不如”、“更少”：
Tom has got little chocolate, and Jack has got even less.
湯姆只有一點(diǎn)兒巧克力，杰克則更少。
I spend less time on English than on French.
我花在英語(yǔ)上的時(shí)間比花在法語(yǔ)上的少。
（cf. 第8課語(yǔ)法）
4．…I always go home with an empty bag. ……然后空著袋子回家。
with可以表示“有……的”、“持有……的”、“隨身帶著……”等：
Who's the man with the umbrella?
那個(gè)帶傘的男人是誰(shuí)？
Who's the man with the beard?
那個(gè)留胡子的男人是誰(shuí)？
Who's the woman with the little boy?
帶著那個(gè)小男孩的女人是誰(shuí)？
5．I'm not really interested in fishing. 我并不是真的對(duì)釣魚(yú)有興趣。
表示“對(duì)……感興趣”一般用be interested in sth. /doing sth.:
Tim is only interested in food.
蒂姆只對(duì)食物感興趣。
I'm interested in collecting stamps.
我對(duì)集郵有興趣。
語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use
動(dòng)名詞（The Gerund）（1）
動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的形式完全一樣，都是由動(dòng)詞+-ing構(gòu)成。-ing 形式作名詞時(shí)稱(chēng)為動(dòng)名詞。從廣義上講，動(dòng)名詞可以代替名詞，盡管它像動(dòng)詞一樣可帶賓語(yǔ)。像名詞一樣，它可以作主語(yǔ)：
Dancing is fun. I love it.
跳舞有意思，我喜歡跳舞。
Walking quickly is difficult.
走快是很難的。（動(dòng)名詞+副詞作主語(yǔ)）
Washing the car makes him dirty.
擦洗汽車(chē)把他身上弄臟了。（動(dòng)名詞+賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)）
動(dòng)名詞也可以作賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)：
Mary is keen3 on cooking.
瑪麗熱衷于烹調(diào)。（介詞賓語(yǔ)）
Congratulations4 on passing your exams!
祝賀你通過(guò)考試！
可以帶動(dòng)名詞的介詞通常有 before，after，instead of，without 等。用介詞+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以將兩個(gè)短句合為一句話(huà)，或者將一個(gè)從句變?yōu)閯?dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)名詞的否定式是在它前面直接加not：
Tom always knocks before entering a room.
湯姆在走進(jìn)一個(gè)房間前總要敲門(mén)。
He apologized for not writing to you.
他為沒(méi)給你寫(xiě)信而表示道歉。
動(dòng)名詞也可以用表示完成時(shí)的 having +過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)：
You can't leave the restaurant without having paid the bill.
在沒(méi)有付賬之前你不能離開(kāi)飯店。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1．catch vt.
（1）捉住，逮住，捕獲：
The police have caught the thief.
警察已逮住那個(gè)小偷。
Have you caught any fish today?
你今天釣到魚(yú)了嗎？
（2）抓住，握?。?BR> Tom caught the thief by the arm.
湯姆抓住小偷的胳膊。
Can you catch the ball?
你能接住球嗎？
（3）及時(shí)趕到，趕上：
I want to catch the eight nineteen(train) to London.
我想趕8點(diǎn)19分的火車(chē)去倫敦。
2．realize vt.
（1）實(shí)現(xiàn)（希望、目標(biāo)、愿望等）：
She has realized her hope to be an actress.
她實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己當(dāng)一名演員的愿望。
（2）使變?yōu)槭聦?shí)，使發(fā)生（常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）：
This plan can never be realized.
這個(gè)計(jì)劃永遠(yuǎn)不可能變成事實(shí)。
（3）認(rèn)識(shí)，知道，明白，意識(shí)到：
I went into the wrong room without realizing it.
我無(wú)意中走錯(cuò)了房間。
I hope you realize that you've made a big mistake.
我希望你明白你已經(jīng)犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。
realize 和understand表示這個(gè)意思時(shí)有時(shí)可以互換，有時(shí)則不可以。在上面的例句中，第1句不可用 understand，第2句則可以。又如：
I an did not understand English.
伊恩不懂英語(yǔ)。（不可用 realize）
3．interested與interesting
大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞和許多過(guò)去分詞都可以作形容詞用。常見(jiàn)的以-ed和-ing結(jié)尾的成對(duì)的形容詞有 excited/ exciting, tired/ tiring, interested/ interesting等。以-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞常與人稱(chēng)主語(yǔ)連用，表示人的情緒、狀態(tài)、喜好等；以-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞則常與非人稱(chēng)主語(yǔ)連用，表明事物的某種特征、性質(zhì)等：
This story is exciting.
這故事激動(dòng)人心。
I am excited by the story.
我因這故事而興奮。
It was an exciting finish.
（比賽的）結(jié)尾激動(dòng)人心。
Sally was very excited because she had never travelled on a train before.
薩莉非常激動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗龔奈闯诉^(guò)火車(chē)。
The play was very interesting.
戲很有意思。
Are you interested in plays?
你對(duì)戲劇有興趣嗎？
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
1．關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
A Fishing(1.1); catching(11.1-2); catching(1. 3); having spent(1.5); fishing(1.6); fishing… sitting(1.8); doing (1.9)
C 1 he went out of the restaurant without paying the bill.
2 She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes.
3 She was afraid of spending the night alone.
4 After hearing/having heard the news, she fainted5.
5 Think carefully before answering my question.
6 On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed6 for cover.
2．難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
1realized 2It's…understand…its 3exciting 4interesting 5exciting 6interested
3．多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
1b 2c 3b 4b 5c 6b
7c 8a 9c 10c 11d 12a
【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語(yǔ)
★catch v. 抓到
catch fish,catch thief
catch cold：染上感冒
catch a bus：趕車(chē)
catch one's breath7：摒住呼吸
catch sight of(see)：看見(jiàn)
catch fire：著火
catch one's eyes：吸引某人注意力
★fisherman n. 釣魚(yú)人，漁民
★boot n. 靴子
a pair of boots
★waste n. 浪費(fèi)
You are wasting time.
a waste of
It is a waste of time.
★realize v. 意識(shí)到
I realized that I was wrong.
實(shí)現(xiàn)，realize one's dream
【課文講解】
fish一般情況下作為不可數(shù)名詞用
There are a lot of fishes（表示種類(lèi)）in the sea.
fish(v.)：釣魚(yú)，捕魚(yú)
主語(yǔ)通常由名詞和代詞充當(dāng)，以及動(dòng)詞＋ing
for+時(shí)間……表示一段時(shí)間
for hours=for some hours
without(prep.)
介詞后面一定要加賓語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞＋ing：1.做主語(yǔ)；2.做賓語(yǔ)
anything用在否定句中
without作為狀語(yǔ)而出現(xiàn)，表示結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
He went out without saying any words.
Without asking for money,the boy went to school.
without 后面的動(dòng)作是主語(yǔ)來(lái)做
(v.)worry sb. The house worried me.
My daughter worried me.
(adj.)be worried about 主語(yǔ)為賓語(yǔ)而感到擔(dān)心
I was never worried about this.
instead of 后面的詞一定是沒(méi)有做的，可以放在主句后面
without強(qiáng)調(diào)沒(méi)有做某件事，instead of強(qiáng)調(diào)這件事沒(méi)做成而做成了另外一件事
我原準(zhǔn)備做……但是后來(lái)做了……
I go to school instead of staying at home.
I bought books instead of buying dresses.
less+原級(jí) (不如) : A is less ... than B
spend+時(shí)間+在某地：在某地度過(guò)……時(shí)間
after(conj.)+從句，從句主語(yǔ)必須是主句的主語(yǔ)才能換成下面一種形式
after(prep.)+名詞／動(dòng)詞的ing形式
After I go to school,I learned8 a lot of knowledge.
After going to school,I learned a lot of knowledge.
with: 帶著
without；沒(méi)帶
give up doing/stop doing：放棄做某事
be interested in 主語(yǔ)對(duì)什么感興趣
在船上 in the boat
not at all在否定句中起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用
【Key structures】
動(dòng)詞＋ing(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)可以做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)
b. be keen on,be fond of,be interested in,enjoy+動(dòng)詞ing
be afraid of
be up to ,be capable9 of
without, instead of
c. I apologize.
apologize for (not) doing sth.
thank you for...
congratulate sb. on doing sth.
Exercises C
1.without
without prep.+ doing
He went out of the restaurant without paying the bill.
2.instead of
She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes.
＝She bought a pair of boots instead of a pair of shoes.
3.of
She was afraid of spending the night alone.
4.after
after＋從句；after prep.+doing
After hearing the news,she fainted.
5.before
Think carefully before answering my question.
在回答我的問(wèn)題之前，請(qǐng)仔細(xì)考慮。
6.on
as soon as 依舊：as soon as I entered...
the moment +從句：the moment I had entered
on prep.+doing
On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed for cover.(沖進(jìn)掩護(hù)體)
【Special difficulties】
Exercises
1. I realized...意識(shí)到
2. ...It's impossible...to understand its meaning
its形容詞性物主代詞
it's = it is; it作形式主語(yǔ)
3....exciting news...
excited 感動(dòng)的
exciting 令人激動(dòng)的
on the radio 在廣播上
Eg.：I got news on the radio.
on TV; on the telephone; on the line
4....an interesting person
interested 感興趣的
interesting 有趣的
5. ...an exciting life
lead a life 過(guò)著...日子
lead a happy life
Eg.；He leads a poor life.
excited 感到激動(dòng)的
exciting 令人激動(dòng)的
如果 -ed,-ing 做形容詞定語(yǔ)，和被修飾詞有關(guān)
6....not interested in ... affairs.
interested 感興趣的
interesting 有趣的
be interested in 對(duì)……感興趣
【Multiple choice question】
2. ...enjoys...C
catching fish 抓魚(yú)
fishing 釣魚(yú)
doing nothing 什么都不做
swimming in the river 在河里游泳
enjoying doing/enjoy + n.
I enjoy books.
I enjoy reading books.
6. ...He has...B
an empty bag
one empty bag
an 指一個(gè)，強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞
one 一個(gè)，強(qiáng)調(diào) one
I have a garden.
I have one garden.
強(qiáng)調(diào)empty bag
I sent a letter.
I wrote one word.
7. ...That's...C
（that's/the) only 一般加名詞
that+從句，從句往往以特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)
that's why
that's when
that's all 那就是一切
That's all(I heard).
That's all I can remember.
the one 指東西
11. ...D
go home 習(xí)慣用法
go to the house 語(yǔ)法正確
Where are you going?
Where are you going to?