Urban Climate
城市氣候
P1: The city is an extraordinary processor of mass and energy and has its own metabolism. A daily input of water, food, and energy of various kinds is matched by an output of sewage, solid waste, air pollutants, energy, and materials that have been transformed in some way. The quantities involved are enormous. Many aspects of this energy use affect the atmosphere of a city, particularly in the production of heat.
extraordinary adj. 非凡的
metabolism n. 新陳代謝
enormous adj. 巨大的
aspect n. 方面
atmosphere n. 大氣層
A daily input of water, food, and energy of various kinds is matched by an output of sewage, solid waste, air pollutants, energy, and materials[that have been transformed in some way].
每天水、食物和各種各樣的能量的輸入與相應(yīng)的輸出的廢水、廢氣、固體垃圾、廢能和[某種程度上已經(jīng)變形的]材料的量得以匹配。
P2: In winter the heat produced by a city can equal or surpass the amount of heat available from the Sun. All the heat that warms a building eventually transfers to the surrounding air, a process that is quickest where houses are poorly insulated. But an automobile produces enough heat to warm an average house in winter, and if a house were perfectly insulated, one adult could also produce more than enough heat to warm it. Therefore, even without any industrial production of heat, an urban area tends to be warmer than the countryside that surrounds it.
surpass v. 超過(guò)，優(yōu)于
warm v. 加熱
insulate v. 使隔熱，使絕緣
All the heat [that warms a building] eventually transfers to the surrounding air, a process [that is quickest] [where houses are poorly insulated].
所有[用來(lái)供暖的]熱量最后都擴(kuò)散至周圍的空氣中，這個(gè)過(guò)程在[那些隔熱效果差的房屋里][進(jìn)行得最快]。
P3: The burning of fuel, such as by cars, is not the only source of this increased heat. Two other factors contribute to the higher overall temperature in cities. The first is the heat capacity of the materials that constitute the city, which is typically dominated by concrete and asphalt. During the day, heat from the Sun can be conducted into these materials and stored—to be released at night. But in the countryside materials have a significantly lower heat capacity because a vegetative blanket prevents heat from easily flowing into and out of the ground. The second factor is that radiant heat coming into the city from the Sun is trapped in two ways: (1) by a continuing series of reflection among the numerous vertical surfaces that buildings present and (2) by the dust dome, the cloudlike layer of polluted air that most cities produce. Shortwave radiation from the Sun passes through the pollution dome more easily than outgoing long wave radiation does; the latter is absorbed by the gaseous pollutants of the dome and reradiated back to the urban surface.
contribute to 促成
capacity n. 容量，能力
constitute v. 構(gòu)成，設(shè)立
dominate v. 支配，控制
prevent…from 阻止做
Shortwave radiation from the Sun passes through the pollution dome more easily than outgoing long wave radiation does; the latter is absorbed by the gaseous pollutants of the dome and reradiated back to the urban surface.
來(lái)自太陽(yáng)的短波輻射比長(zhǎng)波輻射要更容易穿過(guò)污染層;后者被這層物質(zhì)中的氣體污染物所吸收，然后重新輻射到城市的表層。
高難度句子和詞匯都看懂后，我們?cè)賹⑽恼峦暾刈x一遍，看看會(huì)不會(huì)有不同的體驗(yàn)~
The city is an extraordinary processor of mass and energy and has its own metabolism. A daily input of water, food, and energy of various kinds is matched by an output of sewage, solid waste, air pollutants, energy, and materials that have been transformed in some way. The quantities involved are enormous. Many aspects of this energy use affect the atmosphere of a city, particularly in the production of heat.
The city is an extraordinary processor of mass and energy and has its own metabolism. A daily input of water, food, and energy of various kinds is matched by an output of sewage, solid waste, air pollutants, energy, and materials that have been transformed in some way. The quantities involved are enormous. Many aspects of this energy use affect the atmosphere of a city, particularly in the production of heat.
The burning of fuel, such as by cars, is not the only source of this increased heat. Two other factors contribute to the higher overall temperature in cities. The first is the heat capacity of the materials that constitute the city, which is typically dominated by concrete and asphalt. During the day, heat from the Sun can be conducted into these materials and stored—to be released at night. But in the countryside materials have a significantly lower heat capacity because a vegetative blanket prevents heat from easily flowing into and out of the ground. The second factor is that radiant heat coming into the city from the Sun is trapped in two ways: (1) by a continuing series of reflection among the numerous vertical surfaces that buildings present and (2) by the dust dome, the cloudlike layer of polluted air that most cities produce. Shortwave radiation from the Sun passes through the pollution dome more easily than outgoing long wave radiation does; the latter is absorbed by the gaseous pollutants of the dome and reradiated back to the urban surface.
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測(cè)試篇
P1城市氣候基本情況介紹：
城市是一個(gè)_____和_____的巨大處理器，擁有自己的_____。
P2城市的產(chǎn)熱情況：
冬天城市所產(chǎn)生的熱量可以達(dá)到或超過(guò)_____。
P3造成城市熱量集中的因素：
兩個(gè)主要因素造成城市熱量集中，
1 _________________________________________
2 _________________________________________
Answers
P1: Mass,Energy, metabolism
P2: the amount of heat available from the Sun
P3: the heat capacity of the materials that constitute the city, radiant heat coming into the city from the Sun is trapped in two ways……