在之前的文章中已經(jīng)講過：托福閱讀語法常見的五種句子成分，本文講解其他四種語法句子。
6.狀語。用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、或整句的詞和句，按照功能可以分為：時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、方式、條件、讓步、比較和伴隨。通?？梢宰鰻钫Z的詞有：副詞、介賓結構、現(xiàn)在分詞doing、過去分詞done、不定式to do和狀語從句。例如：
副詞：She accomplished the task quietly easily.
介賓結構：In Britain, it is always raining all the year round.
現(xiàn)在分詞：A large number of people don't agree with the idea, thinking that it will not unreasonable. (現(xiàn)在分詞做的是伴隨狀語，前提條件是主句的主語--people和分詞邏輯上的主語是一致的，且表示主動關系。)
The teachers were taken through a program of talking about teaching events, moving on to reflecting about special issues.
過去分詞：Helped by a strange woman, the little boy went home safely.(過去分詞做的事伴隨狀語，跟上邊一樣的是主句的主語--a little boy和過去分詞邏輯上的主語是一致的，且表示被動關系。)
不定式： John attends the class to improve his grammar.(來提高語法做的是目的狀語。)
狀語從句：When the Hawaiian island emerged from the sea as volcanoes, they were far removed from other landmasses.
7.補語。分為主語補足語和賓語補足語，即對主語和賓語的補充說明。主補不是很常用，例如：They rushed to the cinema, exhausted. (筋疲力盡的是對他們的補充說明，而they在句中做的是主語成分，所以exhausted做主補)。相比較之下，賓補的使用率是相當高的，經(jīng)常做賓補的有：形容詞、名詞、介賓結構、現(xiàn)在分詞doing、過去分詞done、不定式to do。
形容詞：Nobody consider it possible to conduct the experiment successfully.
名詞：We all find the Sawyers good neighbors.
介賓結構：The police keep the thief in the car.
現(xiàn)在分詞：Yesterday I heard a little girl singing next door.
過去分詞：The couple had their car repaired.
不定式：The boss asked me to type these letters as soon as possible.
8.同位語。兩者所表達的意思是一樣的，即A=B，能做同位語的只有名詞和同位語從句兩個。例如：My friend, Mary, works in Beijing.(其中my friend 就是Mary，而Mary 也是我的朋友)。I have a dream that I could be a billionaire in the future.(我的夢想是將來成為億萬富翁，that引導的就是同位語從句。)
9.插入語。即說話者對所表達的意思進行補充，強調、解釋或者表明說話者的態(tài)度，其位置靈活，常常用逗號或者破折號與其他成分隔開，并且在語法上不影響其他的成分。以下的短語通常做插入語：in fact, fortunately, most important of all, strange to say, in a sense, what is more, in the long run, by contrast, in the final analysis, in theory等等。
以上內容將所有的句子成都進行了詳細講解，熟知句子成分對于理解托福閱讀中的長難句有很大的作用，希望學生不要有任何抵觸心理，能夠踏實快樂地將這一語法進行理解和消化。