I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding2 this trip very exciting.
Notes on the text 課文注釋
1 He has been there for six months. 他在那兒已經(jīng)住了6個(gè)月了。關(guān)于動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，可以參看第1冊(cè)第83至87課。
2 a great number of…, 許多…，用于修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。
3 in the centre of…, 在……中部。
參考譯文
我剛剛收到弟弟蒂姆的來信，他正在澳大利亞。他在那兒已經(jīng)住了6個(gè)月了。蒂姆是個(gè)工程師，正在為一家大公司工作，并且已經(jīng)去過澳大利亞的不少地方了。他剛買了一輛澳大利亞小汽車，現(xiàn)在去了澳大利亞中部的小鎮(zhèn)艾利斯斯普林斯。他不久還將到達(dá)爾文去，從那里，他再飛往珀斯。我弟弟以前從未出過國(guó)，因此，他覺得這次旅行非常激動(dòng)人心。
新概念英語(yǔ)正版圖書購(gòu)買
自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀
1．He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. （他）正在為一家大公司工作，并且已經(jīng)去過澳大利亞的不少地方了。
（1） work for指“在……上班／任職”：
表達(dá)“上班”這個(gè)意思時(shí)還可以說work at：
She works3 at a department store.
她在一家百貨商店上班。
（2）a number of只能接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。通常，number前有g(shù)reat, large, good, small, certain等形容詞，數(shù)量大小也隨之改變：
A large/ great number of our students are Danish.
我們的學(xué)生中有許多是丹麥人。
There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework.
你的家庭作業(yè)里有少數(shù)幾個(gè)拼寫錯(cuò)誤。
2．He will soon visit Darwin. 他不久還將到達(dá)爾文去。
will 表示將來要發(fā)生的事。這句話的時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來時(shí)。（cf. 第12課語(yǔ)法）下一句話From there, he will fly to Perth也是一般將來時(shí)。
3．My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. 我弟弟以前從未出過國(guó)，因此，他覺得這次旅行非常激動(dòng)人心。
（1）這句話由兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句組成，后一句由連詞so引導(dǎo)，為表示結(jié)果的狀語(yǔ)從句。
（2）find作“發(fā)現(xiàn)”、“發(fā)覺”講時(shí)賓語(yǔ)往往帶補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（一般為形容詞），說明賓語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)等：
I find the film very interesting.
我覺得這電影很有趣。
She found Ton's room very dirty.
她發(fā)現(xiàn)湯姆的房間非常臟。
She has already found herself wrong.
她已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己錯(cuò)了。
需要注意的是，find一詞很少用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，一般用于過去時(shí)、完成時(shí)及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)等。
語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use 1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間概念有時(shí)是不確定的。（cf. 第1冊(cè)第83～88課）我們所關(guān)心的是現(xiàn)存的結(jié)果，或者過去發(fā)生的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和明確表示過去的副詞（如ago, yesterday等）連用。經(jīng)常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的副詞和副詞短語(yǔ)有：before（now）（〈在此〉以前）；so far（到目前為止）；up to now （直到現(xiàn)在）；just（剛剛）；already（已經(jīng)）；lately（近）；now（現(xiàn)在）；疑問句和否定句中常用ever, yet, never, not… ever等?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常用于表示在短期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的情況，因此往往不需要和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。試比較： 2．同位語(yǔ) (Appositives) 一個(gè)名詞（或短語(yǔ)等）與另一個(gè)名詞（或短語(yǔ)）并列而作為其說明或限定成分時(shí)稱為同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)與它所補(bǔ)充說明的成分之間用逗號(hào)隔開。課文中有兩句話含有同位語(yǔ)： I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. 我剛剛收到弟弟蒂姆的來信。（Tim是my brother的同位語(yǔ)。它們指的是同一個(gè)人。Tim用來補(bǔ)充說明my brother的名字） He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. 他剛買了一輛澳大利亞小汽車，現(xiàn)在去了澳大利亞中部的小鎮(zhèn)艾利斯斯普林斯。（在這句話中 a small town in the centre of Australia是Alice Springs的同位語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說明這是個(gè)多大的鎮(zhèn)子，在什么地方） 在譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)或者插入主句中，或者另譯為一句，很少像英語(yǔ)中那樣用逗號(hào)隔開。請(qǐng)參閱課文中兩個(gè)句子的譯文。同位語(yǔ)如果太長(zhǎng)，可以另譯為一句。如課文中第二個(gè)例句的后半部分可以譯為：“現(xiàn)在去了艾利斯斯普林斯。這是澳大利亞中部的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。” 同位語(yǔ)的其他例子如： This is John, one of my best friends. 這位是約翰。他是我好的朋友之一。 Mrs. Smith, my neighbour, has never been abroad. 我的鄰居史密斯夫人從來沒有出過國(guó)。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study 1．receive vt. （1）接到，收到，得到： When did you receive that letter? 你什么時(shí)候收到那封信的？ Susan received a gift/card this morning. 今天上午蘇珊收到了一份禮物／一張卡。 receive是“收到”，指的是一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，主觀上接受與不接受并不清楚。take則是主動(dòng)地“拿”、“取”： He told me to take the keys from his pocket. 他讓我從他口袋里把鑰匙拿出來。 I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday. 我叔叔給了我一枝漂亮的鋼筆。昨天我弟弟把筆拿走了。 （2）招待，接待： You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests. 如果你要接待這么多客人，你就需要一個(gè)大房間。 We usually receive guests on Saturday. 我們通常星期六招待賓客。 2．different adj. (名詞為difference) （1）不同的，相異的（經(jīng)常與from連用）： Desks are different from tables. 書桌與桌子不一樣。 My room is different form yours. 我的房間與你的不同。 We are planning something different this year. 我們今年有不同的打算。 （2）各種各樣的，不同的： He has visited many different places in China. 他去過中國(guó)的不少地方。 This department store sells a large number of different things. 這家百貨商店出售許多各種各樣的東西。 練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises 1．關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案 A 1 I have just had breakfast. 2 He has been in prison for six months. 3 The police have not caught the thief yet. 4 You have (already) asked that question three times (already). 5 Have you ever been to Switzerland? 6 I have never been to Switzerland. 7 He is a wonderful runner. He has broken two records so far . 8 I haven't seen George lately . C 1 He has just left the house . 2 He has just had breakfast . 3 She has just written a letter . 4 My sister has just turned on the radio . 5 My mother has just made the bed . 6 She has just bought a new hat. D 1 He hasn't washed the dishes yet . 2 She hasn't made the beds yet . 3 He hasn't combed his hair yet . 4 She hasn't swept the carpet yet . 5 We haven't read ‘ Macbeth’yet . E 1 Have you seen the new play at ‘The Globe’yet ? 2 Have you taken your holidays yet ? 3 Have you read this book yet ? 4 Have you done your homework yet ? 5 Have you finished your work yet ? 2 ．難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案 1 received 2 received 3 took 4 taken 5 take 3． 多項(xiàng)選擇題答案 1d 2b 3a 4b 5b 6a 7c 8b 9c 10a 11c 12c 課堂筆記 【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】 生詞和短語(yǔ) ★exciting adj. 令人興奮的 excite4:激動(dòng) excited: -ed: 自己感到 -ing:令人感到 exciting boy interesting man The man is interesting. The news exciting,I am excited 其賓語(yǔ)一定是人 The news excited me. 讓后面的人感到．．． interesting:令人感到有趣的 interested: 感到有意思的 The book interests me. ★receive v. 接受，收到 accept：同意接收 receive:客觀的收到 This morning I received a bunch5 of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept it. take take the exam：接收考試； take advice接收建議 receive/have receive/have a letter from somebody. ★firm n. 商行，公司 company ★different adj. 不同的 ★centre n. 中心 ★abroad adv. 在國(guó)外 副詞，直接和動(dòng)詞連用 go aroad live abroad study abroad 讀音語(yǔ)調(diào)要頓拙一些 received a letter from just和完成時(shí)連用 months one month two months I'have arrived in Beijing. has been He has been in Beijing for one year. has been + in 地點(diǎn) He has been in America for tow1 years. 連讀 work for work in 強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn) work for強(qiáng)調(diào)work I am working for a school. I am working in the New Oriental6 school. a great number of :a lot of a great number of 后面一定要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) a lot of 可加可數(shù)名詞也可加不可數(shù)名詞 i have a lot of friends I have a great number of friends. has gone to :去了某地沒回來 has been to :曾經(jīng)去過某地，現(xiàn)在不在那個(gè)地方 Have you been to Paris? soon:很快（時(shí)間） from there:從那地方起 from 即可以加時(shí)間又可以加地點(diǎn) from half past 8 to half past 11 from Beijing to Tianjing fly to Perth: go to Perth by air before——副詞，在此之前 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志 find trip exciting find +賓語(yǔ)+形容詞做賓補(bǔ) find the room clean find her happy is finding I'm finding...
〖語(yǔ)法精粹〗 下面表示狀態(tài)、感覺、情緒、精神活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí) believe;doubt see hear know understand belong think consider feel look seem show mind have sound taste require possess7 care like hate love detest8 desire arrive不能和斷時(shí)間連用 用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將來時(shí)態(tài)的：go come leave arrive 第3課關(guān)鍵句型：一般過去式 第4課關(guān)鍵句型：現(xiàn)在完成式 第5課：一般過去式和現(xiàn)在完成式的相同點(diǎn)，不同點(diǎn)，用的時(shí)候要注意什么 下面幾個(gè)詞一出現(xiàn)就標(biāo)志著完成式：just before already receive take 他到某地有多久了。 He has been. I have been here for three years. find:發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到 find the book dirty find+n.+a. Multiple choice questions】 (3)..... at...表示位置 be at...(典型表示位置的介詞短語(yǔ)） go to...只要有to這個(gè)感念，它的后面一定要有賓語(yǔ)，go to the theater go in...(in 做副詞）很小加賓語(yǔ) He went in. go into...有去向的動(dòng)作，還有進(jìn)入的動(dòng)作 go into the room move:搬家 move in:搬進(jìn)來 move to the new house:正在搬 move into :搬進(jìn)去了 (4)..... how long...對(duì)段時(shí)間提問，跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相連 have+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use 1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間概念有時(shí)是不確定的。（cf. 第1冊(cè)第83～88課）我們所關(guān)心的是現(xiàn)存的結(jié)果，或者過去發(fā)生的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和明確表示過去的副詞（如ago, yesterday等）連用。經(jīng)常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的副詞和副詞短語(yǔ)有：before（now）（〈在此〉以前）；so far（到目前為止）；up to now （直到現(xiàn)在）；just（剛剛）；already（已經(jīng)）；lately（近）；now（現(xiàn)在）；疑問句和否定句中常用ever, yet, never, not… ever等?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)經(jīng)常用于表示在短期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的情況，因此往往不需要和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。試比較： 2．同位語(yǔ) (Appositives) 一個(gè)名詞（或短語(yǔ)等）與另一個(gè)名詞（或短語(yǔ)）并列而作為其說明或限定成分時(shí)稱為同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)與它所補(bǔ)充說明的成分之間用逗號(hào)隔開。課文中有兩句話含有同位語(yǔ)： I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. 我剛剛收到弟弟蒂姆的來信。（Tim是my brother的同位語(yǔ)。它們指的是同一個(gè)人。Tim用來補(bǔ)充說明my brother的名字） He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. 他剛買了一輛澳大利亞小汽車，現(xiàn)在去了澳大利亞中部的小鎮(zhèn)艾利斯斯普林斯。（在這句話中 a small town in the centre of Australia是Alice Springs的同位語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說明這是個(gè)多大的鎮(zhèn)子，在什么地方） 在譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)或者插入主句中，或者另譯為一句，很少像英語(yǔ)中那樣用逗號(hào)隔開。請(qǐng)參閱課文中兩個(gè)句子的譯文。同位語(yǔ)如果太長(zhǎng)，可以另譯為一句。如課文中第二個(gè)例句的后半部分可以譯為：“現(xiàn)在去了艾利斯斯普林斯。這是澳大利亞中部的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。” 同位語(yǔ)的其他例子如： This is John, one of my best friends. 這位是約翰。他是我好的朋友之一。 Mrs. Smith, my neighbour, has never been abroad. 我的鄰居史密斯夫人從來沒有出過國(guó)。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study 1．receive vt. （1）接到，收到，得到： When did you receive that letter? 你什么時(shí)候收到那封信的？ Susan received a gift/card this morning. 今天上午蘇珊收到了一份禮物／一張卡。 receive是“收到”，指的是一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，主觀上接受與不接受并不清楚。take則是主動(dòng)地“拿”、“取”： He told me to take the keys from his pocket. 他讓我從他口袋里把鑰匙拿出來。 I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday. 我叔叔給了我一枝漂亮的鋼筆。昨天我弟弟把筆拿走了。 （2）招待，接待： You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests. 如果你要接待這么多客人，你就需要一個(gè)大房間。 We usually receive guests on Saturday. 我們通常星期六招待賓客。 2．different adj. (名詞為difference) （1）不同的，相異的（經(jīng)常與from連用）： Desks are different from tables. 書桌與桌子不一樣。 My room is different form yours. 我的房間與你的不同。 We are planning something different this year. 我們今年有不同的打算。 （2）各種各樣的，不同的： He has visited many different places in China. 他去過中國(guó)的不少地方。 This department store sells a large number of different things. 這家百貨商店出售許多各種各樣的東西。 練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises 1．關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案 A 1 I have just had breakfast. 2 He has been in prison for six months. 3 The police have not caught the thief yet. 4 You have (already) asked that question three times (already). 5 Have you ever been to Switzerland? 6 I have never been to Switzerland. 7 He is a wonderful runner. He has broken two records so far . 8 I haven't seen George lately . C 1 He has just left the house . 2 He has just had breakfast . 3 She has just written a letter . 4 My sister has just turned on the radio . 5 My mother has just made the bed . 6 She has just bought a new hat. D 1 He hasn't washed the dishes yet . 2 She hasn't made the beds yet . 3 He hasn't combed his hair yet . 4 She hasn't swept the carpet yet . 5 We haven't read ‘ Macbeth’yet . E 1 Have you seen the new play at ‘The Globe’yet ? 2 Have you taken your holidays yet ? 3 Have you read this book yet ? 4 Have you done your homework yet ? 5 Have you finished your work yet ? 2 ．難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案 1 received 2 received 3 took 4 taken 5 take 3． 多項(xiàng)選擇題答案 1d 2b 3a 4b 5b 6a 7c 8b 9c 10a 11c 12c 課堂筆記 【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】 生詞和短語(yǔ) ★exciting adj. 令人興奮的 excite4:激動(dòng) excited: -ed: 自己感到 -ing:令人感到 exciting boy interesting man The man is interesting. The news exciting,I am excited 其賓語(yǔ)一定是人 The news excited me. 讓后面的人感到．．． interesting:令人感到有趣的 interested: 感到有意思的 The book interests me. ★receive v. 接受，收到 accept：同意接收 receive:客觀的收到 This morning I received a bunch5 of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept it. take take the exam：接收考試； take advice接收建議 receive/have receive/have a letter from somebody. ★firm n. 商行，公司 company ★different adj. 不同的 ★centre n. 中心 ★abroad adv. 在國(guó)外 副詞，直接和動(dòng)詞連用 go aroad live abroad study abroad 讀音語(yǔ)調(diào)要頓拙一些 received a letter from just和完成時(shí)連用 months one month two months I'have arrived in Beijing. has been He has been in Beijing for one year. has been + in 地點(diǎn) He has been in America for tow1 years. 連讀 work for work in 強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn) work for強(qiáng)調(diào)work I am working for a school. I am working in the New Oriental6 school. a great number of :a lot of a great number of 后面一定要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) a lot of 可加可數(shù)名詞也可加不可數(shù)名詞 i have a lot of friends I have a great number of friends. has gone to :去了某地沒回來 has been to :曾經(jīng)去過某地，現(xiàn)在不在那個(gè)地方 Have you been to Paris? soon:很快（時(shí)間） from there:從那地方起 from 即可以加時(shí)間又可以加地點(diǎn) from half past 8 to half past 11 from Beijing to Tianjing fly to Perth: go to Perth by air before——副詞，在此之前 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志 find trip exciting find +賓語(yǔ)+形容詞做賓補(bǔ) find the room clean find her happy is finding I'm finding...
〖語(yǔ)法精粹〗 下面表示狀態(tài)、感覺、情緒、精神活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí) believe;doubt see hear know understand belong think consider feel look seem show mind have sound taste require possess7 care like hate love detest8 desire arrive不能和斷時(shí)間連用 用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將來時(shí)態(tài)的：go come leave arrive 第3課關(guān)鍵句型：一般過去式 第4課關(guān)鍵句型：現(xiàn)在完成式 第5課：一般過去式和現(xiàn)在完成式的相同點(diǎn)，不同點(diǎn)，用的時(shí)候要注意什么 下面幾個(gè)詞一出現(xiàn)就標(biāo)志著完成式：just before already receive take 他到某地有多久了。 He has been. I have been here for three years. find:發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到 find the book dirty find+n.+a. Multiple choice questions】 (3)..... at...表示位置 be at...(典型表示位置的介詞短語(yǔ)） go to...只要有to這個(gè)感念，它的后面一定要有賓語(yǔ)，go to the theater go in...(in 做副詞）很小加賓語(yǔ) He went in. go into...有去向的動(dòng)作，還有進(jìn)入的動(dòng)作 go into the room move:搬家 move in:搬進(jìn)來 move to the new house:正在搬 move into :搬進(jìn)去了 (4)..... how long...對(duì)段時(shí)間提問，跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相連 have+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞