Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
The "paperless office" has earned a proud place on lists of technological promises that did not come to pass. Surely, though, the more modest goal of he carbon-paperless office is within the reach of mankind? Carbon paper allows two copies of a document to be made at once. Nowadays, a couple of keystrokes can do the same thing with a lot less fuss.
Yet carbon paper persists. Forms still need to be filled out in a way that produces copies. This should not come as a surprise. Innovation tends to create new niches( 合適的職業(yè)), rather than refill those that already exist. So technologies may become marginal, but they rarely go extinct. And today the little niches in which old technologies take refuge are ever more viable and accessible, thanks to the Internet and the fact that production no longer needs to be so mass; making small numbers of obscure items is growing easier.
On top of that, a widespread Technology of nostalgia(技術(shù)懷舊 ) seeks to preserve all the ways people have ever done anything, simply because they are kind of neat. As a result technologies from all the way back to the stone age persist and even flourish in the modern world. According to What Technology Wants, a book by Kevin Kelly, one of the founders of Wired magazine, America's flintknappers (燧石) produce over a million new arrow and spear heads every year. One of the things technology wants, it seems, is to survive.
Carbon paper, to the extent that it may have a desire for self-preservation, may also take comfort in the fact that, for all that this is a digital age, many similar products are hanging on, and even making comebacks. Indeed, digital technologies may prove to be more transient than their predecessors. They are based on the idea that the medium on which a file's constituent 0s and 1s are stored doesn't matter, and on Alan Turing's insight that any computer can mimic any other, given memory enough and time. This suggests that new digital technologies should be able to wipe out their predecessors completely. And early digital technologies do seem to be vanishing. The music cassette is enjoying a little renaissance, its very faithlessness apparently part of its charm; but digital audio tape seems doomed.
So revolutionary digital technologies may yet discard older ones to the dustbin. Perhaps this will be the case with a remarkable breakthrough in molecular(分子的) technology that could, in principle, store all the data ever recorded in a device that could fit in the back of a van. In this instance, it would not be a matter of the new extinguishing the old. Though it may never have been used for MP3s and PDFs before, DNA has been storing data for over three billion years. And it shows no sign of going extinct.
56. Which of the following is TRUE about the carbon paper?
A) It is the key to paperless office.
B) It will be replaced by the computer soon.
C) It is more troublesome than the computer.
D) It can hardly survive in the digital age.
57. According to the passage, "viable" ( Line 4, Para. 2) means __
A) secure
B) dynamic
C) feasible
D) flexible
58. Why does the author mention the example of What Technology Wants by Kevin Kelly?
A) To point out that old Technology of nostalgia will flourish in the modern world.
B) To illustrate the importance of flintknappers.
C) To show that flintknapping is one of the stone age technologies.
D) To prove that old technologies seemingly never die.
59. What can be inferred about digital technologies?
A) Digital audio tape will be vanished because of its accuracy.
B) Digital technologies have been proved to outlive the old technologies.
C) Early digital technologies will never go extinct.
D) The future of digital technologies will be used for DNA research.
60. The passage mainly concerned with
A) the difficulty of the realization of paperless office
B) the fact that newest technologies may die out while the oldest survive
C) the reason why old technologies will never be on the edge of extinction
D) the importance of keeping improving technologies all the time
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Recent reports suggest that tea can cause brittle bones-but you'll probably be safe if you drink less than a gallon a day.
Do you fancy a cup of tea? We drink, on average, three mugs a day. But you might want to try another strong alcohol after hearing the case of a 47-year-old woman, published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), who developed brittle bones and lost all of her teeth after drinking too much tea.
Tea may not be so great for prostates (前列腺) either. Last year, research from the University of Glasgow found that men who drank more than seven or more cups of tea a day had a 50% higher risk of prostate cancer. And in 2009 a paper in the British Medical Journal showed that drinking very hot tea(70oC or more) increased the likelihood of esophageal (食管的) cancer.
Still gasping for that cup of tea? There is some evidence that tea can be good for you too, with antioxidant properties, so maybe you're not actually drinking enough of the stuff.
The poor woman in the NEJM study is not alone. There are a few other cases of people who have damaged their bones through too much tea. But she (like those in other studies) was drinking excessive amounts: 100 - 150 tea bags a day to make 12 cups of tea. A litre of tea can contain up to 9mg of fluoride(氟化物), which in excess can cause skeletal fluorosis ( 氟中毒), reducing bone quality and causing pain and stiffening of the ligaments (韌帶). Other studies show you generally need to drink a gallon a day for three decades to develop this condition.
You also shouldn't worry about the Glasgow study as it wasn't designed to show that drinking tea actually caused prostate cancer. All it proved was an association and people were only asked how much tea they drank at the start of the study, which went on for about 28 years.
The National Cancer Institute in the U.S. concludes that the evidence isn't good enough to say tea either harms or helps our health. However it does seem sensible in the light of the BMJ study to wait for your tea to cool down for a few minutes.
Black tea, which makes up 75% of the world's consumption, may have healthy properties from its plant chemicals called poly phenols(多酚), which are antioxidants. Green tea contains more poly phenols but isn't so nice to dunk digestives into.
A review of the evidence in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, sponsored by the Tea Council--which, the authors say, had no part in the study--found the research showed more than three cups of black tea a day reduced heart disease. It found no evidence of harm "in amounts typically consumed". So as long as you drink less than a gallon of tea a day you should be absolutely fine.
61. What can be inferred about tea from Paragraph 3?
A) Very hot tea may cause prostate cancer.
B) There may be a link between very hot tea and esophageal cancer.
C) Over-drinking tea is the cause of prostate cancer.
D) Drinking too much tea may worsen esophageal cancer.
62. Excessive intake of fluoride may
A) increase the likelihood of heart attack
B) cause the bone fracture
C) cause fluorosis in the blood
D) weaken the bone quality and hurt the ligaments
63. Which of the following instructions is encouraged to practice?
A) Drinking less tea in the future.
B) Drinking no tea at all.
C) Drinking tea that is not too hot.
D) Drinking green tea instead of black tea.
64. Black tea is considered as healthy drink because
A) it contains antioxidants
B) it is made from plant
C) poly phenols are added to it
D) it helps one digest
65. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A) Under no circumstance can you drink more than a gallon of tea a day.
B) Black tea can be seen as a cure for heart disease.
C) Drinking tea does no harm at all, regardless of how much you consume.
D) Tea Council's participation into the research may decrease its credibility.
56.C)。定位 由題干中的carbon paper 定位到第一段最后兩句：Carbon paper allows two copies of a document to be made at once. Nowadays, a couple of keystrokes can do the same thing with a lot less fuss.
詳解 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查對(duì)復(fù)寫(xiě)紙的理解。由定位句“復(fù)寫(xiě)紙可迅速地把一份文件印出兩份復(fù)件。如今，敲幾下鍵盤(pán)就可以做到同樣的事情，而且還省去了不少麻煩”可知，復(fù)寫(xiě)紙使用起來(lái)要比計(jì)算機(jī)麻煩，故答案為C)。A)“復(fù)寫(xiě)紙是無(wú)紙化辦公的關(guān)鍵”和B)“復(fù)寫(xiě)紙很快會(huì)被計(jì)算機(jī)所取代”均未在原文提及，故排除;第二段第一句指出“復(fù)寫(xiě)紙依舊存在著”，而非D)“復(fù)寫(xiě)紙?jiān)跀?shù)字時(shí)代很難存活”，故排除。
57.C)。詳解 由題干提示定位到第二段末句：And today the little niches in which old technologies take refuge are ever more viable and accessible，thanks to the Internet and the fact that production no longer needs to be so mass：making small numbers of obscure items is growing easier.
詳解 語(yǔ)義理解題。本題考查“viable”的詞意。定位句提到“現(xiàn)如今，由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)以及不再需要大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)這一事實(shí)，那些古老技術(shù)賴以延續(xù)的微小職業(yè)正變得越來(lái)越容易存活并且容易入門”，根據(jù)上下文可推斷出，viable應(yīng)與accessible為同一語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)，即“可行的，易存活的”，故正確答案為C)。A)secure“安全的”、B)dynamic“活力的”和D)flexible“靈活的”均不符合題意.故排除。
58.D)。詳解 根據(jù)題干What Technology Wants和Kevin Kelly定位到第三段倒數(shù)第一、二句：According to What Technology Wants，a book by Kevin Kelly，one of the founders of Wired magazine，America's flintknappers produce over a million new arrow and spear heads every year.One of the things technology wants，it seems，is to survive.
詳解 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查作者以凱文·凱利所著《技術(shù)想要什么》為例的目的。定位句提到“《連線》雜志創(chuàng)始人之一凱文·凱利在其《技術(shù)想要什么》一書(shū)中稱，美國(guó)的燧石工每年生產(chǎn)超過(guò)100萬(wàn)支新箭頭和矛頭，技術(shù)所想露的事情之一似乎就是存活下去?！倍髡咴诙ㄎ痪淝耙痪渲赋觥八?，從石器時(shí)代以來(lái)的技術(shù)得以存在，甚至在現(xiàn)代世界興盛起來(lái)?！惫时疚淖髡咭詣P文·凱利所著《技術(shù)想要什么》為例旨在證明舊技術(shù)似乎永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)消亡，故D)為答案。A)“旨在指出舊技術(shù)在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)將興盛起來(lái)”為過(guò)度推斷，故排除;B)“旨在說(shuō)明燧石工的重要性”和C)“旨在說(shuō)明燧石是石器時(shí)代以來(lái)的一門舊技術(shù)”均為對(duì)原文的曲解，故排除。
59.A)。詳解 由題干中的digital technologies定位到倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句：And early digital technologies do seem to be vanishing.The music cassette is enjoying a little renaissance，its very faithlessness apparently part of its charm;but digtal audio tape seems doomed.
詳解 推理判斷題。本題考查對(duì)數(shù)字技術(shù)的理解。由定位句可知“音樂(lè)磁帶正悄然成為復(fù)興的潮流，失真特質(zhì)似乎正是其魅力的一部分;但數(shù)字錄音帶似乎難逃消亡厄運(yùn)”，由此可推出，數(shù)字錄音帶似乎難逃消亡厄運(yùn)是由于其保真，可被復(fù)制，故答案為A)。該段第二句指出“事實(shí)上，數(shù)字技術(shù)的存在時(shí)間可能比之前的技術(shù)更加短暫”，而非存活得更久，故排除B)“數(shù)字技術(shù)要比老的技術(shù)存活得更久”;C)“早期的數(shù)字技術(shù)永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)滅絕”與該段倒數(shù)第二句“早期的數(shù)字技術(shù)似乎的確正在消失”不符，故排除;D)“數(shù)字技術(shù)在未來(lái)會(huì)被應(yīng)用于DNA研究”原文并未提及，故排除。
60.B)。詳解 本題考查全文主旨，應(yīng)對(duì)全文進(jìn)行整體把握。詳解 主旨大意題。文章以復(fù)寫(xiě)紙為例說(shuō)明舊技術(shù)不會(huì)消亡，接下來(lái)論證其原因，最后表明最新的技術(shù)看起來(lái)最有可能消失;而最古老的技術(shù)有可能一直與我們相伴，故答案為B)。A)“無(wú)紙辦公室實(shí)現(xiàn)的困難性”僅在文中第一段提及，故排除;C)“為什么舊技術(shù)永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)消亡”僅在文中第二、三段涉及，故排除;D)“不斷更新技術(shù)的重要性”是對(duì)原文的曲解，故排除。
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
The "paperless office" has earned a proud place on lists of technological promises that did not come to pass. Surely, though, the more modest goal of he carbon-paperless office is within the reach of mankind? Carbon paper allows two copies of a document to be made at once. Nowadays, a couple of keystrokes can do the same thing with a lot less fuss.
Yet carbon paper persists. Forms still need to be filled out in a way that produces copies. This should not come as a surprise. Innovation tends to create new niches( 合適的職業(yè)), rather than refill those that already exist. So technologies may become marginal, but they rarely go extinct. And today the little niches in which old technologies take refuge are ever more viable and accessible, thanks to the Internet and the fact that production no longer needs to be so mass; making small numbers of obscure items is growing easier.
On top of that, a widespread Technology of nostalgia(技術(shù)懷舊 ) seeks to preserve all the ways people have ever done anything, simply because they are kind of neat. As a result technologies from all the way back to the stone age persist and even flourish in the modern world. According to What Technology Wants, a book by Kevin Kelly, one of the founders of Wired magazine, America's flintknappers (燧石) produce over a million new arrow and spear heads every year. One of the things technology wants, it seems, is to survive.
Carbon paper, to the extent that it may have a desire for self-preservation, may also take comfort in the fact that, for all that this is a digital age, many similar products are hanging on, and even making comebacks. Indeed, digital technologies may prove to be more transient than their predecessors. They are based on the idea that the medium on which a file's constituent 0s and 1s are stored doesn't matter, and on Alan Turing's insight that any computer can mimic any other, given memory enough and time. This suggests that new digital technologies should be able to wipe out their predecessors completely. And early digital technologies do seem to be vanishing. The music cassette is enjoying a little renaissance, its very faithlessness apparently part of its charm; but digital audio tape seems doomed.
So revolutionary digital technologies may yet discard older ones to the dustbin. Perhaps this will be the case with a remarkable breakthrough in molecular(分子的) technology that could, in principle, store all the data ever recorded in a device that could fit in the back of a van. In this instance, it would not be a matter of the new extinguishing the old. Though it may never have been used for MP3s and PDFs before, DNA has been storing data for over three billion years. And it shows no sign of going extinct.
56. Which of the following is TRUE about the carbon paper?
A) It is the key to paperless office.
B) It will be replaced by the computer soon.
C) It is more troublesome than the computer.
D) It can hardly survive in the digital age.
57. According to the passage, "viable" ( Line 4, Para. 2) means __
A) secure
B) dynamic
C) feasible
D) flexible
58. Why does the author mention the example of What Technology Wants by Kevin Kelly?
A) To point out that old Technology of nostalgia will flourish in the modern world.
B) To illustrate the importance of flintknappers.
C) To show that flintknapping is one of the stone age technologies.
D) To prove that old technologies seemingly never die.
59. What can be inferred about digital technologies?
A) Digital audio tape will be vanished because of its accuracy.
B) Digital technologies have been proved to outlive the old technologies.
C) Early digital technologies will never go extinct.
D) The future of digital technologies will be used for DNA research.
60. The passage mainly concerned with
A) the difficulty of the realization of paperless office
B) the fact that newest technologies may die out while the oldest survive
C) the reason why old technologies will never be on the edge of extinction
D) the importance of keeping improving technologies all the time
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Recent reports suggest that tea can cause brittle bones-but you'll probably be safe if you drink less than a gallon a day.
Do you fancy a cup of tea? We drink, on average, three mugs a day. But you might want to try another strong alcohol after hearing the case of a 47-year-old woman, published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), who developed brittle bones and lost all of her teeth after drinking too much tea.
Tea may not be so great for prostates (前列腺) either. Last year, research from the University of Glasgow found that men who drank more than seven or more cups of tea a day had a 50% higher risk of prostate cancer. And in 2009 a paper in the British Medical Journal showed that drinking very hot tea(70oC or more) increased the likelihood of esophageal (食管的) cancer.
Still gasping for that cup of tea? There is some evidence that tea can be good for you too, with antioxidant properties, so maybe you're not actually drinking enough of the stuff.
The poor woman in the NEJM study is not alone. There are a few other cases of people who have damaged their bones through too much tea. But she (like those in other studies) was drinking excessive amounts: 100 - 150 tea bags a day to make 12 cups of tea. A litre of tea can contain up to 9mg of fluoride(氟化物), which in excess can cause skeletal fluorosis ( 氟中毒), reducing bone quality and causing pain and stiffening of the ligaments (韌帶). Other studies show you generally need to drink a gallon a day for three decades to develop this condition.
You also shouldn't worry about the Glasgow study as it wasn't designed to show that drinking tea actually caused prostate cancer. All it proved was an association and people were only asked how much tea they drank at the start of the study, which went on for about 28 years.
The National Cancer Institute in the U.S. concludes that the evidence isn't good enough to say tea either harms or helps our health. However it does seem sensible in the light of the BMJ study to wait for your tea to cool down for a few minutes.
Black tea, which makes up 75% of the world's consumption, may have healthy properties from its plant chemicals called poly phenols(多酚), which are antioxidants. Green tea contains more poly phenols but isn't so nice to dunk digestives into.
A review of the evidence in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, sponsored by the Tea Council--which, the authors say, had no part in the study--found the research showed more than three cups of black tea a day reduced heart disease. It found no evidence of harm "in amounts typically consumed". So as long as you drink less than a gallon of tea a day you should be absolutely fine.
61. What can be inferred about tea from Paragraph 3?
A) Very hot tea may cause prostate cancer.
B) There may be a link between very hot tea and esophageal cancer.
C) Over-drinking tea is the cause of prostate cancer.
D) Drinking too much tea may worsen esophageal cancer.
62. Excessive intake of fluoride may
A) increase the likelihood of heart attack
B) cause the bone fracture
C) cause fluorosis in the blood
D) weaken the bone quality and hurt the ligaments
63. Which of the following instructions is encouraged to practice?
A) Drinking less tea in the future.
B) Drinking no tea at all.
C) Drinking tea that is not too hot.
D) Drinking green tea instead of black tea.
64. Black tea is considered as healthy drink because
A) it contains antioxidants
B) it is made from plant
C) poly phenols are added to it
D) it helps one digest
65. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A) Under no circumstance can you drink more than a gallon of tea a day.
B) Black tea can be seen as a cure for heart disease.
C) Drinking tea does no harm at all, regardless of how much you consume.
D) Tea Council's participation into the research may decrease its credibility.
56.C)。定位 由題干中的carbon paper 定位到第一段最后兩句：Carbon paper allows two copies of a document to be made at once. Nowadays, a couple of keystrokes can do the same thing with a lot less fuss.
詳解 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查對(duì)復(fù)寫(xiě)紙的理解。由定位句“復(fù)寫(xiě)紙可迅速地把一份文件印出兩份復(fù)件。如今，敲幾下鍵盤(pán)就可以做到同樣的事情，而且還省去了不少麻煩”可知，復(fù)寫(xiě)紙使用起來(lái)要比計(jì)算機(jī)麻煩，故答案為C)。A)“復(fù)寫(xiě)紙是無(wú)紙化辦公的關(guān)鍵”和B)“復(fù)寫(xiě)紙很快會(huì)被計(jì)算機(jī)所取代”均未在原文提及，故排除;第二段第一句指出“復(fù)寫(xiě)紙依舊存在著”，而非D)“復(fù)寫(xiě)紙?jiān)跀?shù)字時(shí)代很難存活”，故排除。
57.C)。詳解 由題干提示定位到第二段末句：And today the little niches in which old technologies take refuge are ever more viable and accessible，thanks to the Internet and the fact that production no longer needs to be so mass：making small numbers of obscure items is growing easier.
詳解 語(yǔ)義理解題。本題考查“viable”的詞意。定位句提到“現(xiàn)如今，由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)以及不再需要大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)這一事實(shí)，那些古老技術(shù)賴以延續(xù)的微小職業(yè)正變得越來(lái)越容易存活并且容易入門”，根據(jù)上下文可推斷出，viable應(yīng)與accessible為同一語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)，即“可行的，易存活的”，故正確答案為C)。A)secure“安全的”、B)dynamic“活力的”和D)flexible“靈活的”均不符合題意.故排除。
58.D)。詳解 根據(jù)題干What Technology Wants和Kevin Kelly定位到第三段倒數(shù)第一、二句：According to What Technology Wants，a book by Kevin Kelly，one of the founders of Wired magazine，America's flintknappers produce over a million new arrow and spear heads every year.One of the things technology wants，it seems，is to survive.
詳解 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查作者以凱文·凱利所著《技術(shù)想要什么》為例的目的。定位句提到“《連線》雜志創(chuàng)始人之一凱文·凱利在其《技術(shù)想要什么》一書(shū)中稱，美國(guó)的燧石工每年生產(chǎn)超過(guò)100萬(wàn)支新箭頭和矛頭，技術(shù)所想露的事情之一似乎就是存活下去?！倍髡咴诙ㄎ痪淝耙痪渲赋觥八?，從石器時(shí)代以來(lái)的技術(shù)得以存在，甚至在現(xiàn)代世界興盛起來(lái)?！惫时疚淖髡咭詣P文·凱利所著《技術(shù)想要什么》為例旨在證明舊技術(shù)似乎永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)消亡，故D)為答案。A)“旨在指出舊技術(shù)在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)將興盛起來(lái)”為過(guò)度推斷，故排除;B)“旨在說(shuō)明燧石工的重要性”和C)“旨在說(shuō)明燧石是石器時(shí)代以來(lái)的一門舊技術(shù)”均為對(duì)原文的曲解，故排除。
59.A)。詳解 由題干中的digital technologies定位到倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句：And early digital technologies do seem to be vanishing.The music cassette is enjoying a little renaissance，its very faithlessness apparently part of its charm;but digtal audio tape seems doomed.
詳解 推理判斷題。本題考查對(duì)數(shù)字技術(shù)的理解。由定位句可知“音樂(lè)磁帶正悄然成為復(fù)興的潮流，失真特質(zhì)似乎正是其魅力的一部分;但數(shù)字錄音帶似乎難逃消亡厄運(yùn)”，由此可推出，數(shù)字錄音帶似乎難逃消亡厄運(yùn)是由于其保真，可被復(fù)制，故答案為A)。該段第二句指出“事實(shí)上，數(shù)字技術(shù)的存在時(shí)間可能比之前的技術(shù)更加短暫”，而非存活得更久，故排除B)“數(shù)字技術(shù)要比老的技術(shù)存活得更久”;C)“早期的數(shù)字技術(shù)永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)滅絕”與該段倒數(shù)第二句“早期的數(shù)字技術(shù)似乎的確正在消失”不符，故排除;D)“數(shù)字技術(shù)在未來(lái)會(huì)被應(yīng)用于DNA研究”原文并未提及，故排除。
60.B)。詳解 本題考查全文主旨，應(yīng)對(duì)全文進(jìn)行整體把握。詳解 主旨大意題。文章以復(fù)寫(xiě)紙為例說(shuō)明舊技術(shù)不會(huì)消亡，接下來(lái)論證其原因，最后表明最新的技術(shù)看起來(lái)最有可能消失;而最古老的技術(shù)有可能一直與我們相伴，故答案為B)。A)“無(wú)紙辦公室實(shí)現(xiàn)的困難性”僅在文中第一段提及，故排除;C)“為什么舊技術(shù)永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)消亡”僅在文中第二、三段涉及，故排除;D)“不斷更新技術(shù)的重要性”是對(duì)原文的曲解，故排除。