【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
What do oilmen want to achieve as soon as they strike oil?
The deepest holes of all are made for oil, and they go down to as much as 25,0000 feet. But we do not need to send men down to get the oil out, as we must with other mineral deposits. The holes are only borings, less than a foot in diameter. My particular experience is largely in oil, and the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity. When it has been decided where we are going to drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick. It has to be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle, and we have to lower into the ground and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top and are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom.
The geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached, so every so often a sample is obtained with a coring bit. It cuts a clean cylinder of rock, from which can be seen the strata the drill has been cutting through. Once we get down to the oil, it usually flows to the surface because great pressure, either from gas or water, is pushing it. This pressure must be under control, and we control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe. We endeavour to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, which wastes oil and gas. We want it to stay down the hole until we can lead it off in a controlled manner.
T.F.GASKELL The Search for the Earth's Minerals from Discovery
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)】
mineral adj. 礦物的
boring n. 鉆孔
derrick n. 井架
block and tackle 滑輪組
haul v. 拖，拉
rotate v. 使轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)
cutting bit 鉆頭
geologist n. 地質(zhì)學(xué)家
coring bit 取芯鉆頭
cylinder n. 圓柱體
strata n. 巖層[復(fù)]([單]stratum或strata [誤用])
circulate v. 注入，環(huán)流
gusher n. 噴油井
【課文注釋】
1.they go down to as much as 25,0000 feet，as much as意為“多達(dá)”，“達(dá)到(量)”。
as+形容詞+as表示“……達(dá)”，例如：as long as長(zhǎng)達(dá)……，as tall as高達(dá)……，as expensive as貴至……。
例句：The rain could last for as long as several weeks in summer.
夏天的雨下起來(lái)可以長(zhǎng)達(dá)幾周。
2.as we must with other mineral deposits，must后面省去了與上句中相同的部分send men down。
3.a foot in diameter，直徑一英尺。
4.every so often，時(shí)常。
例句：I no longer see John regularly, but every so often he drops in at my office.
我不再經(jīng)常看見(jiàn)約翰了，但他偶爾還到我辦公室來(lái)。
5.obtain a sample，取樣。
To obtain something means to get it or achieve it. (FORMAL)獲得，取得某物。
例句：Where can I obtain a copy of her latest book?
在哪里能買到她新出版的書?
例句：He always manages to obtain what he wants.
他總是有辦法得到他想要的東西。
形容詞形式為obtainable：If something is obtainable, it is possible to get or achieve it.
例句：The timetable is obtainable post-free from the airline office.
航班時(shí)刻表可以向航空公司免費(fèi)索取。
6.be under control處于控制之下。
例句：The fire has been brought under control.
火勢(shì)已受到控制。
例句：You must get your spending under control.
你必須節(jié)制開(kāi)支。
7.by means of，用……，靠……手段。
例句：They succeeded by means of hard working.
他們依靠努力工作而獲得成功。
例句：They were able to position the yacht by means of radar.
他們能夠用雷達(dá)測(cè)定快艇的方位。
8.endeavour to，努力去，盡力去。
If you endeavour to do something, you try very hard to do it. 同義詞組喂strive to。
例句：They endeavoured to make her happy but in vain.
他們盡量使她快樂(lè)，卻徒勞無(wú)功。
例句：Strive to build China into a powerful socialist country!
為把中國(guó)建成社會(huì)主義強(qiáng)國(guó)而奮斗!
【參考譯文】
在所有洞穴中，為尋找石油所鉆出的洞是深的，這些洞可深達(dá)25,000英尺。但是，我們不必像開(kāi)采其他礦藏那樣，把人送到地下去把石油取出。這些洞只不過(guò)是一些鉆孔，直徑不到1英尺。我是專門搞石油的，尋找石油比其他任何采礦業(yè)對(duì)改進(jìn)鉆探作的貢獻(xiàn)都要大。當(dāng)確定鉆孔地點(diǎn)后，我們就在那里豎起一個(gè)井架。井架必須很高，因?yàn)樗褚粋€(gè)巨型滑輪組。我們必須把很長(zhǎng)的鉆桿一節(jié)節(jié)地鉆入地下，然后再?gòu)牡叵吕鰜?lái)。鉆桿頂部安裝的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)帶動(dòng)鉆桿旋轉(zhuǎn)，它的底部裝有鉆頭。
地質(zhì)學(xué)家需要知道鉆頭已以到達(dá)什么樣的巖層，因此時(shí)常要用芯鉆頭取樣。這種鉆頭能切割一段光滑的圓柱形巖石，從中能看出所鉆透的地層。一旦到達(dá)油層，石油就會(huì)由于地下巨大的壓力流到地面上來(lái)，這種巨大的壓力來(lái)自地下天然氣或水。這種壓力必須加以控制，我們讓泥槳順著鉆桿向下循環(huán)，用這種方法來(lái)控制壓力。我們盡量避免使用陳舊天真的噴井方法，那樣會(huì)浪費(fèi)石油和天然氣。我們要讓石油留在井下，直到我們能用一種有控制的方法把它引上來(lái)為止。
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
What do oilmen want to achieve as soon as they strike oil?
The deepest holes of all are made for oil, and they go down to as much as 25,0000 feet. But we do not need to send men down to get the oil out, as we must with other mineral deposits. The holes are only borings, less than a foot in diameter. My particular experience is largely in oil, and the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity. When it has been decided where we are going to drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick. It has to be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle, and we have to lower into the ground and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top and are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom.
The geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached, so every so often a sample is obtained with a coring bit. It cuts a clean cylinder of rock, from which can be seen the strata the drill has been cutting through. Once we get down to the oil, it usually flows to the surface because great pressure, either from gas or water, is pushing it. This pressure must be under control, and we control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe. We endeavour to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, which wastes oil and gas. We want it to stay down the hole until we can lead it off in a controlled manner.
T.F.GASKELL The Search for the Earth's Minerals from Discovery
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)】
mineral adj. 礦物的
boring n. 鉆孔
derrick n. 井架
block and tackle 滑輪組
haul v. 拖，拉
rotate v. 使轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)
cutting bit 鉆頭
geologist n. 地質(zhì)學(xué)家
coring bit 取芯鉆頭
cylinder n. 圓柱體
strata n. 巖層[復(fù)]([單]stratum或strata [誤用])
circulate v. 注入，環(huán)流
gusher n. 噴油井
【課文注釋】
1.they go down to as much as 25,0000 feet，as much as意為“多達(dá)”，“達(dá)到(量)”。
as+形容詞+as表示“……達(dá)”，例如：as long as長(zhǎng)達(dá)……，as tall as高達(dá)……，as expensive as貴至……。
例句：The rain could last for as long as several weeks in summer.
夏天的雨下起來(lái)可以長(zhǎng)達(dá)幾周。
2.as we must with other mineral deposits，must后面省去了與上句中相同的部分send men down。
3.a foot in diameter，直徑一英尺。
4.every so often，時(shí)常。
例句：I no longer see John regularly, but every so often he drops in at my office.
我不再經(jīng)常看見(jiàn)約翰了，但他偶爾還到我辦公室來(lái)。
5.obtain a sample，取樣。
To obtain something means to get it or achieve it. (FORMAL)獲得，取得某物。
例句：Where can I obtain a copy of her latest book?
在哪里能買到她新出版的書?
例句：He always manages to obtain what he wants.
他總是有辦法得到他想要的東西。
形容詞形式為obtainable：If something is obtainable, it is possible to get or achieve it.
例句：The timetable is obtainable post-free from the airline office.
航班時(shí)刻表可以向航空公司免費(fèi)索取。
6.be under control處于控制之下。
例句：The fire has been brought under control.
火勢(shì)已受到控制。
例句：You must get your spending under control.
你必須節(jié)制開(kāi)支。
7.by means of，用……，靠……手段。
例句：They succeeded by means of hard working.
他們依靠努力工作而獲得成功。
例句：They were able to position the yacht by means of radar.
他們能夠用雷達(dá)測(cè)定快艇的方位。
8.endeavour to，努力去，盡力去。
If you endeavour to do something, you try very hard to do it. 同義詞組喂strive to。
例句：They endeavoured to make her happy but in vain.
他們盡量使她快樂(lè)，卻徒勞無(wú)功。
例句：Strive to build China into a powerful socialist country!
為把中國(guó)建成社會(huì)主義強(qiáng)國(guó)而奮斗!
【參考譯文】
在所有洞穴中，為尋找石油所鉆出的洞是深的，這些洞可深達(dá)25,000英尺。但是，我們不必像開(kāi)采其他礦藏那樣，把人送到地下去把石油取出。這些洞只不過(guò)是一些鉆孔，直徑不到1英尺。我是專門搞石油的，尋找石油比其他任何采礦業(yè)對(duì)改進(jìn)鉆探作的貢獻(xiàn)都要大。當(dāng)確定鉆孔地點(diǎn)后，我們就在那里豎起一個(gè)井架。井架必須很高，因?yàn)樗褚粋€(gè)巨型滑輪組。我們必須把很長(zhǎng)的鉆桿一節(jié)節(jié)地鉆入地下，然后再?gòu)牡叵吕鰜?lái)。鉆桿頂部安裝的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)帶動(dòng)鉆桿旋轉(zhuǎn)，它的底部裝有鉆頭。
地質(zhì)學(xué)家需要知道鉆頭已以到達(dá)什么樣的巖層，因此時(shí)常要用芯鉆頭取樣。這種鉆頭能切割一段光滑的圓柱形巖石，從中能看出所鉆透的地層。一旦到達(dá)油層，石油就會(huì)由于地下巨大的壓力流到地面上來(lái)，這種巨大的壓力來(lái)自地下天然氣或水。這種壓力必須加以控制，我們讓泥槳順著鉆桿向下循環(huán)，用這種方法來(lái)控制壓力。我們盡量避免使用陳舊天真的噴井方法，那樣會(huì)浪費(fèi)石油和天然氣。我們要讓石油留在井下，直到我們能用一種有控制的方法把它引上來(lái)為止。