Lesson 13 The search for oil
第13課 探尋石油
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What do oilmen want to achieve as soon as they strike oil?
當(dāng)石油商們發(fā)現(xiàn)石油后他們想達(dá)成什么？
The deepest holes of all are made for oil, and they go down to as much as 25, 000 feet.
在所有洞穴中，為尋找石油所鉆出的洞是深的，這些洞可深達(dá)25,000英尺。
But we do not need to send man down to get the oil out, as we must with other mineral deposits.
但是，我們不必像開采其他礦藏那樣，把人送到地下去把石油取出。
The holes are only borings, less than a foot in diameter.
這些洞只不過是一些鉆孔，直徑不到1英尺。
My particular experience is largely in oil, and the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity.
我是專門搞石油的，尋找石油比其他任何采礦業(yè)對改進(jìn)鉆探作的貢獻(xiàn)都要大。
When it has been decided where we are going to drill,
當(dāng)確定鉆孔地點(diǎn)后，
we put up at the surface an oil derrick.
我們就在那里豎起一個(gè)井架。
It has to be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle and we have to lower into the ground
井架必須很高，因?yàn)樗褚粋€(gè)巨型滑輪組。
and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top
我們必須把很長的鉆桿一節(jié)節(jié)地鉆入地下，然后再從地下拉出來。
and are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom.
鉆桿頂部安裝的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)帶動(dòng)鉆桿旋轉(zhuǎn)，它的底部裝有鉆頭。
The geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached,
地質(zhì)學(xué)家需要知道鉆頭已以到達(dá)什么樣的巖層，
so every so often a sample is obtained with a coring bit.
因此時(shí)常要用芯鉆頭取樣。
It cuts a clean cylinder of rock, from which can be seen the strata the drill has been cutting through.
這種鉆頭能切割一段光滑的圓柱形巖石，從中能看出所鉆透的地層。
Once we get down to the oil, it usually flows to the surface because great pressure either from gas or water, is pushing it.
一旦到達(dá)油層，石油就會(huì)由于地下巨大的壓力流到地面上來，這種巨大的壓力來自地下天然氣或水。
This pressure must be under control, and we control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe.
這種壓力必須加以控制，我們讓泥槳順著鉆桿向下循環(huán)，用這種方法來控制壓力。
We endeavour to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, which wastes oil and gas.
我們盡量避免使用陳舊天真的噴井方法，那樣會(huì)浪費(fèi)石油和天然氣。
We want it to stay down the hole until we can lead it off in a controlled manner.
我們要讓石油留在井下，直到我們能用一種有控制的方法把它引上來為止。
第13課 探尋石油
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What do oilmen want to achieve as soon as they strike oil?
當(dāng)石油商們發(fā)現(xiàn)石油后他們想達(dá)成什么？
The deepest holes of all are made for oil, and they go down to as much as 25, 000 feet.
在所有洞穴中，為尋找石油所鉆出的洞是深的，這些洞可深達(dá)25,000英尺。
But we do not need to send man down to get the oil out, as we must with other mineral deposits.
但是，我們不必像開采其他礦藏那樣，把人送到地下去把石油取出。
The holes are only borings, less than a foot in diameter.
這些洞只不過是一些鉆孔，直徑不到1英尺。
My particular experience is largely in oil, and the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity.
我是專門搞石油的，尋找石油比其他任何采礦業(yè)對改進(jìn)鉆探作的貢獻(xiàn)都要大。
When it has been decided where we are going to drill,
當(dāng)確定鉆孔地點(diǎn)后，
we put up at the surface an oil derrick.
我們就在那里豎起一個(gè)井架。
It has to be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle and we have to lower into the ground
井架必須很高，因?yàn)樗褚粋€(gè)巨型滑輪組。
and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top
我們必須把很長的鉆桿一節(jié)節(jié)地鉆入地下，然后再從地下拉出來。
and are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom.
鉆桿頂部安裝的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)帶動(dòng)鉆桿旋轉(zhuǎn)，它的底部裝有鉆頭。
The geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached,
地質(zhì)學(xué)家需要知道鉆頭已以到達(dá)什么樣的巖層，
so every so often a sample is obtained with a coring bit.
因此時(shí)常要用芯鉆頭取樣。
It cuts a clean cylinder of rock, from which can be seen the strata the drill has been cutting through.
這種鉆頭能切割一段光滑的圓柱形巖石，從中能看出所鉆透的地層。
Once we get down to the oil, it usually flows to the surface because great pressure either from gas or water, is pushing it.
一旦到達(dá)油層，石油就會(huì)由于地下巨大的壓力流到地面上來，這種巨大的壓力來自地下天然氣或水。
This pressure must be under control, and we control it by means of the mud which we circulate down the drill pipe.
這種壓力必須加以控制，我們讓泥槳順著鉆桿向下循環(huán)，用這種方法來控制壓力。
We endeavour to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, which wastes oil and gas.
我們盡量避免使用陳舊天真的噴井方法，那樣會(huì)浪費(fèi)石油和天然氣。
We want it to stay down the hole until we can lead it off in a controlled manner.
我們要讓石油留在井下，直到我們能用一種有控制的方法把它引上來為止。