1、根據(jù)下面資料，回答題
Buffet Zone
Lucy Robertson starteD working at A．take-away fooD business to supplement her income during her student days at Edinburgh University．Several years later she haD bought the business anD now, 17 years on, she owns Grapevine Caterers, probably Scotland's leading independent caterers, with A．turnover of almost ε6m.
She haD never planneD to own A．business, anD haD certainly never considereD A．career in catering．(0)...G However, her unplanneD career began in 1985, when she returneD to Edinburgh anD discovereD that the takeaway she haD workeD in was up for sale．On impulse, she bought it, but admits that at the time she knew nothing about catering．(8).....It was A．difficult time, but essential in terms of gaining the experience she needed．The late 1980s boom was gooD for business, with large numbers of office workers wanting takeaway fooD for their lunches．(9)....． "At one point there were 26 fooD outlets within A．5-kilometre radius," Robertson recalls, as the economy changeD anD the once packeD office blocks starteD to become vacant, it became clear that Robertson woulD neeD to diversify．(10)......It changeD the direction of the company for good.
As Robertson began to win catering contracts, she decideD that the company woulD have to move to larger premises．In 1994, the move was made when she bought another catering business that already haD A．number of profitable contracts for boardroom lunches.
Meanwhile, Robertson's main competitor, the oldest catering company in Edinburgh, was causing her some anxiety．"Customer loyally is not to be underestimated," she warns．But Robertson is not someone who is easily put off．(11).....．Partly as A．result of this, turnover doubled, anD having outgrown another site, Robertson bought A．city-centre location for the group's headquarters.
By now, Grapevine's main competitor was A．new catering company calleD Towngates．Although Robertson trieD to raise enough money to buy Towngates, she diD not succeed．Then luck interveneD anD Towngates went bankrupt．(12)......Many accepteD anD the company's turnover went from ε700,000 to ε1.5 million almost overnight.
However, the company's growth was not as smooth as it sounds in retrospect．Robertson admits, "We were close to the edge during the growth period．Like many under-capitalizeD companies trying to grow, it might easily have collapsed." But that, she feels, is the challenge of developing your own business.
A．But there are plenty of similar contracts to be won in the east of ScotlanD before Robertson turns her attention elsewhere.
B．Her way rounD this particular problem was to recruit the catering manager of the rival company.
C．But this demanD was short-lived, anD before long, increasing competition made it harder to make A．profit.
D "It was A．dramatiC．learning curve anD very small amounts of money were earneD at first," says Robertson．
E．She decideD that the solution, since many companies requireD working lunches for meetings with clients, was to prepare anD deliver meals to business premises.
F．On hearing this, Robertson immediately contacteD all of their clients anD offereD the services of Grapevine Caterers.
G．Instead, she studieD accountancy after leaving university, anD A．steady if unspectacular professional path seemeD set.
（8）應(yīng)選
2、根據(jù)下面資料，回答題
Who Benefits Most from Company Training?
According to recent research, the better educated and the higher up the socioeconomic(0)...C...you are, the more likely you are to be offered workplace training. And, incidentally, the more likely you are to then turn (19)......the offer, pleading family and personal commitments or (20)......of work. Less qualified staff, on the other hand, are offered fewer training opportunities, but are more eager to (21).....them up. In fact, people with few or no educational qualifications are three times more likely to accept training when it is offered.
In the majority of companies, more (22).....are allocated to management training than to other areas. Employers (23).....their better qualified staff as more important to the business, so they pay them accordingly and invest more in them in (24)......of training. This is (25).....by the fact that organizations are dependent on properly (26).....managers making the right decisions. But this (27).....may mean that companies are(28).....other parts of the workforce down.
The researchers found A．growing demand for training among the lower-skilled. Unfortunately this demand is not being (29)....by employers, even though there are strong indications that companies would benefit from doing so. They also discovered that, despite the substantial (30)....between the training provided for managers and that offered to other staff, there was still widespread endorsement of training.
For the purposes of the research, training was defined as any (31)....of planned instruction or tuition provided by an employer with the aim of helping employees do their work better. It therefore included A．wide variety of approaches. on-the-joB．a(chǎn)nd classroom training (32).....to be used equally by employers. But learning on the job, which involved observing A．certain procedure and then practising it, was easily the most popular method for all categories of employees. While many felt that learning from colleagues was best, very few(33).....the internet as an effective way to train.
（19）應(yīng)選
A．back
B．over
C．down
D．off
填空題
3、
Questions 8-12
·Read the article below about job interviews.
·Choose the best sentence from the list on the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.
·For each gap 8-12 mark one letter (A-I) on your Answer Sheet.
·Do not use any letter more than once.
How to Succeed at Interviews
The aim of a job interview is to establish whether you are likely to do well in a particular job in a specific organisation. This is not only a matter of having the necessary technical knowledge and skills. You must also have the motivation, the ability to adapt to new ways of working and to a new work environment, and the personality to do the job and fit into a new team. (example)____. These include getting on with people, oral and written communication, teamworking, problem solving and good time management.
Most people think that interviewers know what they are looking for and will recognise it when they see it. (8) ____. This applies to recruiters as much as anyone else. In fact a former head of selection at one big firm used to say that “some interviewers are so poor they would do better to rely on chance”.
In companies which recognise this, various methods are used to try to find the right person (9) ____. Research has shown that this approach is more reliable than the ordinary job interview, though not as effective as using personality tests or assessment centres.
In a structured interview the interviewer groups the qualities listed in the job specification under various headings. There are two well-established structures for this: the National Institute of Industrial Psychology’s Seven-Point Plan and the Five-Fold Grading System. Both these systems cover factors such as physical appearance, qualifications, general intelligence, motivation and previous experience.(10) ____.
However, they should not give equal weight to each one. Some factors are more important in one job than another. For example, physical appearance and manner will be more important in a sales position than in a researcher who works behind the scenes. It is also a fact that the impact the candidate makes in the first three of four minutes of an interview is of major importance.(11) ____.A decision not to hire is often made during those first few minutes.
It is not always possible to tell whether structured interview techniques are being used. If interviewers ask questions systematically, using some kind of checklist, and occasionally make a brief note, they probably are. On the other hand, if the interviewer goes through your application form to confirm what you have already said, or asks irrelevant questions, or jumps from one topic to another the interview is unlikely to be structured. Before you attend any interview, look again at the job description and the personal specification. (12) ____. If you already have a mental list of the key points that you need to mention, you are unlikely to waste time giving irrelevant information or to omit important points in your favour.
A Study them closely and assess what your interviewer will be looking for.
B However, people are actually not very good at assessing one another.
C A number of skills are common to most of these interviewing situations.
D Although a favourable impression may be reversed later in the interview, a negative impression is rarely changed.
E The most common is the structured interview.
F The effectiveness of the interviewer can be improved by training.
G For each of these areas the interviewers score candidates against how well they fit the job specification.
H The ability to cope with stress and get on with people is essential.
I But there are other personal skills that affect your success in a job.
4、
Questions 8-12
·Read the text below about career planning.
·Choose the best sentence from the list on the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.
·For each gap 8-12, mark one letter (A-I) on your Answer sheet.
·Do not use any letter more than once.
Career Planning
For many employees, automatic promotion up the ranks of a company is becoming increasingly rare. A new study suggests that, in response, employers need to consider how they can help staff develop their careers.
Employers need to rethink their approach to career management completely, according to the latest research by the Institute of Employment Studies. The new study finds that in fact there is little opportunity for individual career development in many large organisations. (example)____.The Institute of Employment Studies makes it clear that it is not good practice for companies to hand over career development to individual employees and then simply leave them to get on with it. (8) ____.
So how should employers help their staff develop a career? Most employees have come to accept that career development is not always the same thing as upward promotion and a higher salary. (9) ____.They must also ensure that these opportunities are extended to all their staff and not just to selected individuals.
Nick Bridges, who is Director of Human Resources Policy at the Bank of Eastern England, believes there is more talk than action in this area. (10) ____. One way, he believes, for companies to show how serious they are about individual learning is to make it an official part of company practice, as the Bank of Eastern England has done. (11)____. This document, he points out, has made the role of managers clear, and the company has also invested huge amounts of money educating managers so that they can then train their staff.
Another company, British Chemicals, has contracted an independent organisation to help staff with confidential career advice. According to John Yates, the head of Individual Learning and Development at British Chemicals, there is an important role for outside agencies to play in the career management process. He adds that it is company policy for managers to give all staff ‘roadmaps’ which show possible career routes within the company structure. (12)____. This has worked especially well, he says, for staff who are used to depending on their line managers for guidance.
Many large organisations now recognise that career development cannot be regarded in isolation, and must be part of an overall business strategy. Human Resources has a real role to play in building a strong workforce which meets a company’s long-term business needs and makes it more competitive.
A Its policy statement says that by 2006, eighty per cent of its staff will have a professional qualification.
B His recommendations go even further than that, and he has called for a national debate on the issue of what should be regarded as a career in the future.
C This change of attitude means employers need to place more emphasis on giving staff the chance to develop a range of skills through horizontal job moves.
D It points out that employees need to know what the overall company vision is in order to achieve many of these.
E The problem that often arises is that, while they are increasingly encouraged to manage their own careers, they are not provided with the knowledge and training to do this.
F They are able to see that, contrary to expectations, jobs in different fields are similar, and they can also see how it is possible to cross over to other areas.
G Its employees are no longer motivated by these factors alone, and the problem today is matching a person’s motivation with the right job.
H He argues that while Human Resources managers are saying the way forward is through self-managed learning and self-development, they are still failing to provide adequate learning resources.
I The main reasons for this, it concludes, are the recent cuts in the number of middle-management posts, and the changes that have taken place in the responsibilities of personnel departments.
5、
Questions 8 – 12
·Read the following text.
·Choose the best sentence from the list on page 36 to fill each of the gaps.
·For each gap 8 – 12 mark one letter A – I on your Answer Sheet.
·Do not mark any letter twice.
Marketing
In the past, the concept of marketing emphasised sales. The producer or manufacturer made a product he wanted to sell. ____ example ____ . Basically, selling the product would be accomplished by sales promotion, which included advertising and personal selling ____ (8) ____ Distribution consisted of transportation, storage, and related services such as financing, standardisation and grading, and the related risks.
The modern marketing concept encompasses all of the activities mentioned, but it is based on a different set of principles ____ (9) ____ In other words, goods should be produced only if they can be sold. Therefore, the producer should consider who is going to buy the product ------ or what the market for the product is ---- before production begins.
Marketing now involves first deciding what the customer wants, and designing and producing a product that satisfies these wants at a profit to the company ____(11)____ This is much more difficult since it involves human behaviour. ____(12)____ Thus, demand and market forces are still an important aspect of modern marketing, but they are considered prior to the production process.
Example: C
A. It subscribes to the notion that production can be economically justified only by consumption.
B. Marketing was the task of figuring out how to sell the product.
C. Marketing is as important in today’s economy as the production of goods and services.
D. Production, on the other hand, is mostly an engineering problem.
E. Such markets must be created and stimulated by managers.
F. This is very different from making a product and then thinking about how to sell it.
G. More than half the cost of consumer goods can be traced to marketing activities.
H. In addition to sales promotion, marketing also involved the physical distribution of the product to the places where it was actually sold.
I. Instead of concentrating solely on production, the company must consider the desires of the consumer.
6、
Questions 8-12
·Read this text about electrical power in Canada.
·Choose the best sentence from the list A-I to fill each of the blanks.
·For each blank (8 - 12) mark one letter (A - I) on your Answer Sheet.
·De not mark any letter twice.
·One answer has been given as an example.
ELECTRICITY: WEALTH, MONEY, POWER
Canadian industries have prospered for more than a century on the country’s abundance of cheap, reliable electrical power. ____ example ____. In fact, Canada consumes more electricity on a per person basis than any country except for Norway ____ 8 ____
Electricity is a significant source of export income for Canada. ____ 9 ____ But in the 1970s , Canadian exports rose sharply to address the U. S. demand for cheaper and more reliable.
In 1985, exports of Canadian electrical power reached 1,400 million US dollars ____. 10 ____. Net electricity exports account for more than 60% of Canada’s balance of trade.
Domestically, Canada continues to generate electrical power, primarily from water ____ 11 ____ Exports of electricity are now subject to forces far beyond the control of utility managers ____ 12 ____
Example: B
A. Besides, electricity from coal and nuclear is 50% to 75% cheaper than many other industrial nations.
B. Generated primarily by water, our power supplies have attracted and supported energy-intensive industries such as mining.
C. It also ranks among the top three electricity producers in the world, behind the U. S. and Russia.
D. Next to electricity, Canadian paper exports came to 900 million US dollars every year in the 1960s.
E. Two large nuclear power plants began to generate electricity.
F. Since then, electricity’ exports have declined but they have continued to exceed 700 million US dollars.
G. Environmental and trade policies all influence electrical production and trade.
H. Canada and the U. S. imported and exported power in almost equal measures after 1901.
I. Therefore, the Canadian government has little influence on these forces.
7、
Banks and Banking : Other Bank Services
A modern bank provides many services other than checking accounts. ____1____
If you went to a bank to open a savings account, you would go through almost the same procedures followed in applying for a checking account. ____2____ Then you would be given a passbook in which your initial deposit would be recorded. All deposits and withdrawals from your account are entered into your passbook. ____3____ With a regular passbook savings account, you would be able to withdraw money wherever you needed it. All you would have to do is fill out a withdrawal order and present it, along with your passbook to the teller.
All banks pay interest on savings accounts. ____4____ Banks also pay interest at different times. ____5____ Suppose, for example, that on January 1, you deposited $ 1,000 in a bank that paid 4 1/2 percent interest semiannually. By July 1,you would have earned $ 22.50 interest. This interest would automatically be credited to your account; and of you left it in the bank, along with your original deposit, you would receive interest on $ 1,022.50 for the next six-month period. That is, your interest would be compounded.
A. But the majority of them pay semiannually, that is, every six months.
B. The interest rate varies from bank to bank, but the general range is from 4 1/2 to 6 percent.
C. This means that passbook contains an actual record of all transactions made and that you know the exact amount of savings you have at any one time.
D. One of these is checking accounts.
E. First you would be asked to fill out a signature card.
F. But most banks pay interest at the end of a year.
G. One of the most important of these is regular passbook savings.
H. One can withdraw money whenever necessary.
8、Questions 8 – 12
·Read the following text.
·Choose the best sentence from the list on page 52 to fill each of the gaps.
·For each gap 8 – 12 mark one letter A – I on your Answer Sheet.
·Do not mark any letter twice.
The Cash-free Society
Imagine a society in which cash no longer exists, Instead, “ cash ” is electronic, as in bank-card Systems. Currency and coin are abandoned.
____ example ____ . Theft of cash would become impossible. Bank robberies and cash-register robberies would simply cease to occur ____ ( 8 ) ____ . Purse snatchings would become a thing of the past. Urban streets would become safer ____ ( 9 ) ____ . Security costs and insurance rates would fall. Property values would rise. Neighbourhoods would improve.
Drug traffickers and their clients, burglars and receives of stolen property, arsonists for hire, and bribe-takers would no longer have the advantage of using untraceable currency. ____ ( 10 ) ____ These prosecutions, in turn, would inhibit further crimes.
In a society devoid of physical money, a change from cash to recorded electronic money would be accompanied by a flow of previously unpaid income-tax revenues running in the tens of billions of dollars. ____ (11) ____
Cash has been the root of much social and economic evil. ____ (12)____ Eighty percent of Americans regularly use credit cards. The development of a federal system to handle the country’s 300 billion annual cash transactions in the United States electronically is within reach.
Example: H.
A. A national electronic-money system would operate as a debit-card system.
B. Retail shops in once dangerous areas could operate in safety.
C. As a result, income tax rates could be lowered or the national debt reduced.
D. The use of cash has diminished substantially since World War II.
E. Attacks on shopkeepers, taxi drivers, and cashiers would all end.
F. The emergence of electronic funds-transfer technology makes it possible to change the nature of money and to divorce it from evil.
G. Almost every present-day cash transaction can be duplicated electronically.
H. The immediate benefits would be profound and fundamental.
I. Electronic “money” would leave incriminating trails of data, resulting in more arrests and convictions.
簡答題
9、Part One
You are the Manager of a small printing company. A new employee, Mark McCabe, is joining your company on 10th May.
Write a short memo to your office administrator:
Saying who is starting work and when;
Telling him what Mark McCabe’s job will be;
Suggesting where Mark McCabe’s desk should be put;
Write 30-40 words on your answer sheet.
Part Two
You were sent on a residential training course for five days. Unfortunately the course was very badly run and there were a lot of problems with it. The advert below shows the details of the course, together with your comments.
Write a report for your manager on the course (100-120 words). Describe the problems with the course and suggest what your company should do.
Write on your answer sheet.
10、 • Read the article below about the winner of a business award .
• In most of the lines 34-45 there is one extra word . It is either grammatically incorrect or
doesn’t fit in the meaning of the text . Some lines, however, are correct .
• If a line is correct , write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet .
• If there is a extra word in the line , write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTER on your Answer Sheet.
• The exercises begins with two examples , (0) and (00) .
Examples
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R |
R |
E |
C |
T |
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00 |
T |
H |
R |
O |
U |
G |
H |
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BUSINESS MANAGEMENT |
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0 Many organizations are seeking to take advantage of flatter management 00 structures by moving through to self-managed teams. In our experience, these 34 teams produce us very impressive results. However, as the companies 35 we work with can tell to you, they are neither a ‘soft option ’ nor a ‘quick fix’. 36 self-managed teams operate in dramatically different ways from the other 37 teams and they can only succeed in if the organizational culture, along with a 38 number of systems and procedures, are been re-shaped. Thus, changing to 39 self-managed teams requires not only most top level support but a clear 40 understanding of the concept which at all levels. Often staff who find themselves 41 at the lower levels of a traditional structure imagine that by operating in self- 42 managed teams simply means by that they will be free to do what they want 43 without having to be obey the orders of upper management and this simply is 44 not the case. One of the most important areas we address with our clients 45 is the need to re-educate staff with a regard to the practical meaning of the Word ‘team’. Such re-education is required from shop floor to board level. |