lesson 18 ——ING分詞
內(nèi) 容 提 要
-ING分詞也是動詞的非限定性形式，由動詞原形+-ING構(gòu)成，在句中可以直接作主語，也可用形式主語it來代替，而把-ING分詞放到后邊;可以作表語;作賓語時對動詞有一定的要求，有的動詞只能跟接-ING分詞，有的動詞則既可以跟不定式也可以跟-ING分詞，而且-ING分詞還可作介詞的賓語;在作賓語補足語時對動詞也有一定的要求;作狀語時，-ING分詞要與其邏輯主語呼應，否則就要用獨立結(jié)構(gòu);-ING分詞作定語時相當于一個定語從句。跟動詞不定式一樣，-ING分詞也有它的完成時態(tài)、被動語態(tài)和否定形式;最后我們還要了解-ING分詞的邏輯主語問題。
第一節(jié) -ING分詞的形式
-ING分詞是指由動詞原形+-ING構(gòu)成的、具有完成時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的一種非謂語動詞形式，具體形式如下
主動形式 被動形式
一般時 doing being done
完成時 having done having been done
就其語法功能而言，它可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補語、狀語和定語。
第二節(jié) -ING分詞的用法
一、 作主語
1. 一般形式
1) the matriculation for postgraduate is probably the turning point of my life.
[A] Taking the part of [B] Taking part in [C] To take the part of [D] To take the notice in
2) a teacher is being present at the creation， when the clay begins to breathe.
[A] As[B] To be[C] Is[D] Being
3) by transforming the blame to others is often called scapegoating.
[A]Eliminate problems[B]The eliminated problems[C]Eliminating problems[D]Problems are eliminated
2. 有時可以用it做形式主語
It's waste of time arguing with the gossip about it.
It's interesting having traveled to Beidaihe this year.[說明：從這句中我們可以看出，這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常適用于名詞和形容詞。但不適用于像possible， important， essential， necessary等表示性質(zhì)的形容詞，這些詞后面一般要跟動詞不定式。我們不能說 It's quite necessary taking part in the negociation.應改作It's quite necessary to take part in the negociation.]
It's glorious getting involved in working out the plan.
4) It is [A] possible determining that [B] French explorers reached the jucture of [C] the Kansas and Missouri rivers [D] in the seventeenth century.
二、作表語的-ING分詞
Seeing is believing.
His aims are learning two foreign languages and applying the theory he has learned to practice.
三、-ING分詞作動詞賓語
1. 一類是動詞或短語后邊跟賓語的非限定性動詞只能是-ING分詞，如：acknowledge， admit(坦白，承認)， advise， advocate， anticipate， appreciate， avoid， can't help， consider， contemplate(深思)， delay， deny， dislike， enjoy， escape(躲過，避開)， excuse， fancy， finish， give up， imagine， include， keep on， justify， mean(意味著，等于)， mind(在乎)， miss， postpone， practise， prohibit， put off， quit， recall， regret， resist， resume， risk(冒險干…)， suggest， threaten.
5) By taking the back way he escaped .
[A] to be seen [B] have been seen [C] seeing [D] being seen
6) I came late and missed Jack winning.
[A] to see[B] seeing[C] see[D] seen
7) “I see our boss coming down the hall.”
“Then we'd better quit and get down to business.”
[A] talking[B] to talk[C] from talking[D] having talk
8) The young doctor first [A] practised to use [B] the needles on [C] his own [D] wrist.
9) Some experts have advocated to bring [A] that country into [B] the talks， to revive the intermittent dialogue [C] that began [D] after the 1967 Middle East War.
2. 另一類動詞后邊作賓語的非限定性動詞可以是-ING分詞的動名詞，也可以是動詞不定式，如：attempt， begin， can't bear， cease， continue， deserve， endure， forget， go on， hate， intend， like， love， need， neglect， omit， plan， prefer， propose， regret， remember， start ， stop， try等。(動詞后接-ING和不定式時在用法上的區(qū)別在下一章講)
10) “What's wrong with Henry?”“He needs .”
[A] cheer up[B] to be cheer up[C] cheering up[D] to cheered up
11) Any such news would start her .
[A] to worry[B] worrying[C] worry[D] worried
3. -ING分詞作賓語還有下一結(jié)構(gòu)，即用it代表-ING分詞，而把-ING分詞短語放到句子的后邊去
I consider it worthwhile spending ten thousand yuan on the furniture./Marry fount it marvellous having a journey with him.
內(nèi) 容 提 要
-ING分詞也是動詞的非限定性形式，由動詞原形+-ING構(gòu)成，在句中可以直接作主語，也可用形式主語it來代替，而把-ING分詞放到后邊;可以作表語;作賓語時對動詞有一定的要求，有的動詞只能跟接-ING分詞，有的動詞則既可以跟不定式也可以跟-ING分詞，而且-ING分詞還可作介詞的賓語;在作賓語補足語時對動詞也有一定的要求;作狀語時，-ING分詞要與其邏輯主語呼應，否則就要用獨立結(jié)構(gòu);-ING分詞作定語時相當于一個定語從句。跟動詞不定式一樣，-ING分詞也有它的完成時態(tài)、被動語態(tài)和否定形式;最后我們還要了解-ING分詞的邏輯主語問題。
第一節(jié) -ING分詞的形式
-ING分詞是指由動詞原形+-ING構(gòu)成的、具有完成時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的一種非謂語動詞形式，具體形式如下
主動形式 被動形式
一般時 doing being done
完成時 having done having been done
就其語法功能而言，它可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補語、狀語和定語。
第二節(jié) -ING分詞的用法
一、 作主語
1. 一般形式
1) the matriculation for postgraduate is probably the turning point of my life.
[A] Taking the part of [B] Taking part in [C] To take the part of [D] To take the notice in
2) a teacher is being present at the creation， when the clay begins to breathe.
[A] As[B] To be[C] Is[D] Being
3) by transforming the blame to others is often called scapegoating.
[A]Eliminate problems[B]The eliminated problems[C]Eliminating problems[D]Problems are eliminated
2. 有時可以用it做形式主語
It's waste of time arguing with the gossip about it.
It's interesting having traveled to Beidaihe this year.[說明：從這句中我們可以看出，這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常適用于名詞和形容詞。但不適用于像possible， important， essential， necessary等表示性質(zhì)的形容詞，這些詞后面一般要跟動詞不定式。我們不能說 It's quite necessary taking part in the negociation.應改作It's quite necessary to take part in the negociation.]
It's glorious getting involved in working out the plan.
4) It is [A] possible determining that [B] French explorers reached the jucture of [C] the Kansas and Missouri rivers [D] in the seventeenth century.
二、作表語的-ING分詞
Seeing is believing.
His aims are learning two foreign languages and applying the theory he has learned to practice.
三、-ING分詞作動詞賓語
1. 一類是動詞或短語后邊跟賓語的非限定性動詞只能是-ING分詞，如：acknowledge， admit(坦白，承認)， advise， advocate， anticipate， appreciate， avoid， can't help， consider， contemplate(深思)， delay， deny， dislike， enjoy， escape(躲過，避開)， excuse， fancy， finish， give up， imagine， include， keep on， justify， mean(意味著，等于)， mind(在乎)， miss， postpone， practise， prohibit， put off， quit， recall， regret， resist， resume， risk(冒險干…)， suggest， threaten.
5) By taking the back way he escaped .
[A] to be seen [B] have been seen [C] seeing [D] being seen
6) I came late and missed Jack winning.
[A] to see[B] seeing[C] see[D] seen
7) “I see our boss coming down the hall.”
“Then we'd better quit and get down to business.”
[A] talking[B] to talk[C] from talking[D] having talk
8) The young doctor first [A] practised to use [B] the needles on [C] his own [D] wrist.
9) Some experts have advocated to bring [A] that country into [B] the talks， to revive the intermittent dialogue [C] that began [D] after the 1967 Middle East War.
2. 另一類動詞后邊作賓語的非限定性動詞可以是-ING分詞的動名詞，也可以是動詞不定式，如：attempt， begin， can't bear， cease， continue， deserve， endure， forget， go on， hate， intend， like， love， need， neglect， omit， plan， prefer， propose， regret， remember， start ， stop， try等。(動詞后接-ING和不定式時在用法上的區(qū)別在下一章講)
10) “What's wrong with Henry?”“He needs .”
[A] cheer up[B] to be cheer up[C] cheering up[D] to cheered up
11) Any such news would start her .
[A] to worry[B] worrying[C] worry[D] worried
3. -ING分詞作賓語還有下一結(jié)構(gòu)，即用it代表-ING分詞，而把-ING分詞短語放到句子的后邊去
I consider it worthwhile spending ten thousand yuan on the furniture./Marry fount it marvellous having a journey with him.