Which the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentences? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
譯文：以下哪一句話表達(dá)了標(biāo)記句子的基本信息?錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)要么改變了句子的主要意思，要么省略了句子的基本信息。
從這句話中，我們能得到什么信息呢?
首先，我們得出錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：改變了句子的主要意思，或是省略了句子的基本信息。
那么對(duì)于一個(gè)句子來(lái)說(shuō)，什么才是不可省略的呢?我們學(xué)過(guò)長(zhǎng)難句，知道長(zhǎng)難句分為復(fù)雜修飾的單長(zhǎng)句和復(fù)合句，而句子簡(jiǎn)化題主要考察后者。那么，大家還記得我說(shuō)復(fù)合句怎么分析來(lái)著?
對(duì)了，是看分句之間的邏輯。
比如，有一個(gè)句子是"因?yàn)閍，b，c 和d;所以g，k，h";這句話經(jīng)過(guò)簡(jiǎn)化之后，很可能變成因?yàn)閍，所以g;
那么簡(jiǎn)化的是什么?什么又留下了呢?
答案是：細(xì)節(jié)被簡(jiǎn)化了，邏輯被留下了。"因?yàn)椤?所以……"被留下了。
因此，我們可以得出這樣一個(gè)結(jié)論：句?子簡(jiǎn)化題只能簡(jiǎn)化意思，不能簡(jiǎn)化邏輯。
正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：必定要表示原句的主要邏輯;即，如原句表達(dá)的是因果邏輯，正確選項(xiàng)首先應(yīng)該與原文一樣是因果關(guān)系的句子。
我們來(lái)看一下這道題：
1.The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of
land and great numbers of people.
○Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.
○The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers
○Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.
這道題應(yīng)該選擇A。
從"result from"可以看出原句的邏輯關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系，排除C和D,而且，seriousness of desertification 是果，from后面的內(nèi)容是因，而原因有兩個(gè)， "the vast areas of land 和the tremendous numbers of people affected難以逆轉(zhuǎn)或減緩"，兩個(gè)原因之間為并列關(guān)系，所以選A。