短語動詞
I. 要點
英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體，其用法有的相當于及物動詞，有的相當于不及物動詞，有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特征。英語短語動詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種：
(1) 動詞+介詞
常見的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如：
Don't laugh at others.
I didn't care about it.
(2) 動詞+副詞
常見的有g(shù)ive up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don't forget to hand it in.
(3) 動詞+副詞+介詞
常見的有l(wèi)ook down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：
All his money added up to no more than $100.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4) 動詞+名詞+介詞
常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.
We should make full use of our time.
(5) 動詞+形容詞
常見的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
(6) 動詞+名詞
常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如：
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
(7)辨析
give away(讓給，暴露) 和 give up(放棄，停止)
put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (撲滅)
turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打開)
keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不讓靠近)
make up(編造，補上) 和 make out(辨認)
take off(脫，起飛) 和 take out(拿出)
II. 例題
例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
解析：該題正確答案為A。意為"存";keep up意為"繼續(xù)";give away意為"分發(fā)";lay up"貯藏"。例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
A touch B relation C connection D friendship
解析：該題正確答案為A. keep in touch為短語動詞，意為"保持聯(lián)系"。外語學習網(wǎng)
例3 ____! There's a train coming.
A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on
解析：該題選A. look out 意為"小心"。