新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)第71課課文重難點(diǎn) further notes on the text
1.if the houses of parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. 如果不是國(guó)會(huì)大廈在1834年被焚毀的話(huà),這座大鐘永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)建造。
(1)這句話(huà)用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即第3類(lèi)條件句,表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)
相反的一種假設(shè)。(cf.第64課語(yǔ)法)
(2)the houses of parliament,國(guó)會(huì)大廈。由于英國(guó)議會(huì)是由上議院(house of lords)和下議院(house of commons)組成的,所
以houses為復(fù)數(shù)形式。
(3)burn down為固定短語(yǔ),在這里表示"(使)燒成平地"、"燒毀":
the hospital was burned down last month.那家醫(yī)院上個(gè)月被燒毀了。
2.big ben takes its name from sir benjamin hall who was respon- sible for the making of the clock…"大本"鐘得名于本杰明·霍爾爵士,……他負(fù)責(zé)建造大鐘。
(1)sir用于英國(guó)人的全名(或名字)之前時(shí)表示"爵士"(不單獨(dú)用
于姓之前),如 sir john gilbert(約翰·吉爾伯特爵士)或 sir john(約翰爵士),但不能稱(chēng) sir gilbert。
(2)responsible for表示"對(duì)……需負(fù)責(zé)任/承擔(dān)責(zé)任的":
who is responslble for the accident?誰(shuí)應(yīng)對(duì)這起事故負(fù)責(zé)?
john is responsible for the building of the bridge. 約翰負(fù)責(zé)修建這座橋。
(3)-ing形式前面無(wú)冠詞時(shí)可直接跟賓語(yǔ):making the clock; -ing 前有冠詞時(shí)則其后不能直接跟賓語(yǔ),而必須用of;the making of the clock.
3.it is not only of immense size…此鐘不僅外型巨大……
be of…表示人或物的特征:
we are of the same age/size.我們年齡/個(gè)頭相同。
this letter is of great importance.這封信至關(guān)重要。
4.officials from greenwich observatory have the clock checked twice a day. 格林威治天文臺(tái)的官員們每天兩次派人矯正此鐘。
(1)greenwich 格林威治(又譯格林尼治),位于倫敦東南,是本初
子午線(xiàn),即經(jīng)度零度經(jīng)過(guò)的地方。
(2)have the clock checked是have的使役式用法。(cf. 第66課語(yǔ)法)
5.big ben has rarely gone wrong. "大本"鐘很少出差錯(cuò)。
go wrong為固定短語(yǔ),其含義之一是"(機(jī)器等)發(fā)生故障"、"出毛病":
my watch/the engine of the car has gone wrong.我的手表/汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)出了毛病。
something has gone wrong with my car.我的汽車(chē)出毛病了。
6.slow…down,把……弄慢。
slow down為固定短語(yǔ)(可分開(kāi)使用),其含義之一為"(使……)慢下來(lái)/減速":
he slowed his car down while driving in heavy traffic.他在車(chē)輛擁擠的路上駕駛時(shí),放慢了車(chē)速。
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)第71課語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn) grammar in use
復(fù)習(xí)第60~69課部分語(yǔ)法
通過(guò)這幾課的語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí),我們知道在表示將來(lái)時(shí)的句子中,要
在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中使用現(xiàn)在時(shí),同時(shí)也要在第1類(lèi)條件句中用
現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示;學(xué)習(xí)了將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的形
式和用法;學(xué)習(xí)了第3類(lèi)條件句、情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 must, have to, should和ought to;學(xué)習(xí)了用于使役式的動(dòng)詞 have,以及用于介
詞+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):
the thompsons will move to a new flat when their baby is born.孩子出生以后,湯普森一家將搬到一套新的公寓去住。
by this time next week, i will have been working for this firm for twenty years.到下星期此刻,我就已經(jīng)為這家公司工作了20年了。(將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常要和某個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)往往表示"到/截止……時(shí)候")
firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.消防隊(duì)員們同那場(chǎng)森林大火搏斗了將近三個(gè)星期才后把火勢(shì)控制住。(過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一樣,也要有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);它們都強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性)
if i had worked harder at school, i'd have got a better job.要是我上學(xué)時(shí)勤奮一些,我就會(huì)有較好的工作了。(第3 類(lèi)條件句表示與事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣)
we should/ought to arrest him, but we shall let him off this time.我們應(yīng)該逮捕它,但這次我們饒了它。
he should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.他本該知道警察絕不會(huì)允許這類(lèi)事情發(fā)生。(should+ have+過(guò)去分詞表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做或完成而沒(méi)有做的事)
the french authorities had the plane packaged and moved in parts back to france.法國(guó)政府讓人把飛機(jī)包裝起來(lái),一部分一部分地搬回法國(guó)。(have+名詞/賓格代詞+過(guò)去分詞表示讓別人為自己做某事)
after being robbed, the man called the police.那人遭搶劫后給警方打了電話(huà)。(after+動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,但主語(yǔ)必須一致)
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)第71課詞匯學(xué)習(xí) word study
1.official, employee與shop assistant
official指"官員"、"公務(wù)員":
before he retired, jeremy had been a government/city official.在他退休之前,杰里米一直是位政府/市政府官員。
a customs official checked their passports.一位海關(guān)官員檢查了他們的護(hù)照。
official也可以指"高級(jí)官員":
bank officials get high salaries.銀行高級(jí)職員的工薪很高。
employee泛指"雇員"、"雇工"(包括各個(gè)層次的):
in a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which had seven hundred employees.幾年之后,小鋪?zhàn)右呀?jīng)發(fā)展成一個(gè)雇有700人的大工廠(chǎng)。
later he became a government employee.后來(lái)他成了一名公務(wù)員/政府雇員。
shop assistant在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中表示零售店的"店員"(相當(dāng)于美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中的salesclerk):
the shop assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.接待她的售貨員不喜歡她的那副打扮。
2.hang, hung, hung與hang, hanged, hanged
當(dāng)hang表示"懸掛"時(shí),其過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞均為hung:
a painter hung a pot of paint on one of the hand and slowed the clock down.一位油漆工把一只油漆桶掛在了一根指針上,把針弄慢了。
i'm hanging this picture on the wall.我正把這幅畫(huà)掛到墻上去。
當(dāng)hang表示"絞死"、"吊死"或"上吊"時(shí),其過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞均為 hanged:
as he has murdered three men, he ought to be hanged.他已殺了3個(gè)人,他應(yīng)當(dāng)被絞死。
i wonder why she hanged herself.我納悶/想知道她為何上吊自殺。
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)第71課課后練習(xí)答案 key to written exercises
1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
c 1 shall have been working
2 have finished
d 1 had to go
2 should/ought to buy
3 should/ ought to have telephoned
2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
1 shop assistant 2 hung 3 hanged
3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
1b 2d 3b 4b 5c 6c
7d 8b 9b 10c 11b 12a
1.if the houses of parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. 如果不是國(guó)會(huì)大廈在1834年被焚毀的話(huà),這座大鐘永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)建造。
(1)這句話(huà)用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即第3類(lèi)條件句,表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)
相反的一種假設(shè)。(cf.第64課語(yǔ)法)
(2)the houses of parliament,國(guó)會(huì)大廈。由于英國(guó)議會(huì)是由上議院(house of lords)和下議院(house of commons)組成的,所
以houses為復(fù)數(shù)形式。
(3)burn down為固定短語(yǔ),在這里表示"(使)燒成平地"、"燒毀":
the hospital was burned down last month.那家醫(yī)院上個(gè)月被燒毀了。
2.big ben takes its name from sir benjamin hall who was respon- sible for the making of the clock…"大本"鐘得名于本杰明·霍爾爵士,……他負(fù)責(zé)建造大鐘。
(1)sir用于英國(guó)人的全名(或名字)之前時(shí)表示"爵士"(不單獨(dú)用
于姓之前),如 sir john gilbert(約翰·吉爾伯特爵士)或 sir john(約翰爵士),但不能稱(chēng) sir gilbert。
(2)responsible for表示"對(duì)……需負(fù)責(zé)任/承擔(dān)責(zé)任的":
who is responslble for the accident?誰(shuí)應(yīng)對(duì)這起事故負(fù)責(zé)?
john is responsible for the building of the bridge. 約翰負(fù)責(zé)修建這座橋。
(3)-ing形式前面無(wú)冠詞時(shí)可直接跟賓語(yǔ):making the clock; -ing 前有冠詞時(shí)則其后不能直接跟賓語(yǔ),而必須用of;the making of the clock.
3.it is not only of immense size…此鐘不僅外型巨大……
be of…表示人或物的特征:
we are of the same age/size.我們年齡/個(gè)頭相同。
this letter is of great importance.這封信至關(guān)重要。
4.officials from greenwich observatory have the clock checked twice a day. 格林威治天文臺(tái)的官員們每天兩次派人矯正此鐘。
(1)greenwich 格林威治(又譯格林尼治),位于倫敦東南,是本初
子午線(xiàn),即經(jīng)度零度經(jīng)過(guò)的地方。
(2)have the clock checked是have的使役式用法。(cf. 第66課語(yǔ)法)
5.big ben has rarely gone wrong. "大本"鐘很少出差錯(cuò)。
go wrong為固定短語(yǔ),其含義之一是"(機(jī)器等)發(fā)生故障"、"出毛病":
my watch/the engine of the car has gone wrong.我的手表/汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)出了毛病。
something has gone wrong with my car.我的汽車(chē)出毛病了。
6.slow…down,把……弄慢。
slow down為固定短語(yǔ)(可分開(kāi)使用),其含義之一為"(使……)慢下來(lái)/減速":
he slowed his car down while driving in heavy traffic.他在車(chē)輛擁擠的路上駕駛時(shí),放慢了車(chē)速。
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)第71課語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn) grammar in use
復(fù)習(xí)第60~69課部分語(yǔ)法
通過(guò)這幾課的語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí),我們知道在表示將來(lái)時(shí)的句子中,要
在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中使用現(xiàn)在時(shí),同時(shí)也要在第1類(lèi)條件句中用
現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示;學(xué)習(xí)了將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的形
式和用法;學(xué)習(xí)了第3類(lèi)條件句、情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 must, have to, should和ought to;學(xué)習(xí)了用于使役式的動(dòng)詞 have,以及用于介
詞+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):
the thompsons will move to a new flat when their baby is born.孩子出生以后,湯普森一家將搬到一套新的公寓去住。
by this time next week, i will have been working for this firm for twenty years.到下星期此刻,我就已經(jīng)為這家公司工作了20年了。(將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常要和某個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)往往表示"到/截止……時(shí)候")
firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.消防隊(duì)員們同那場(chǎng)森林大火搏斗了將近三個(gè)星期才后把火勢(shì)控制住。(過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一樣,也要有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);它們都強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性)
if i had worked harder at school, i'd have got a better job.要是我上學(xué)時(shí)勤奮一些,我就會(huì)有較好的工作了。(第3 類(lèi)條件句表示與事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣)
we should/ought to arrest him, but we shall let him off this time.我們應(yīng)該逮捕它,但這次我們饒了它。
he should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.他本該知道警察絕不會(huì)允許這類(lèi)事情發(fā)生。(should+ have+過(guò)去分詞表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做或完成而沒(méi)有做的事)
the french authorities had the plane packaged and moved in parts back to france.法國(guó)政府讓人把飛機(jī)包裝起來(lái),一部分一部分地搬回法國(guó)。(have+名詞/賓格代詞+過(guò)去分詞表示讓別人為自己做某事)
after being robbed, the man called the police.那人遭搶劫后給警方打了電話(huà)。(after+動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,但主語(yǔ)必須一致)
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)第71課詞匯學(xué)習(xí) word study
1.official, employee與shop assistant
official指"官員"、"公務(wù)員":
before he retired, jeremy had been a government/city official.在他退休之前,杰里米一直是位政府/市政府官員。
a customs official checked their passports.一位海關(guān)官員檢查了他們的護(hù)照。
official也可以指"高級(jí)官員":
bank officials get high salaries.銀行高級(jí)職員的工薪很高。
employee泛指"雇員"、"雇工"(包括各個(gè)層次的):
in a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which had seven hundred employees.幾年之后,小鋪?zhàn)右呀?jīng)發(fā)展成一個(gè)雇有700人的大工廠(chǎng)。
later he became a government employee.后來(lái)他成了一名公務(wù)員/政府雇員。
shop assistant在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中表示零售店的"店員"(相當(dāng)于美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中的salesclerk):
the shop assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.接待她的售貨員不喜歡她的那副打扮。
2.hang, hung, hung與hang, hanged, hanged
當(dāng)hang表示"懸掛"時(shí),其過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞均為hung:
a painter hung a pot of paint on one of the hand and slowed the clock down.一位油漆工把一只油漆桶掛在了一根指針上,把針弄慢了。
i'm hanging this picture on the wall.我正把這幅畫(huà)掛到墻上去。
當(dāng)hang表示"絞死"、"吊死"或"上吊"時(shí),其過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞均為 hanged:
as he has murdered three men, he ought to be hanged.他已殺了3個(gè)人,他應(yīng)當(dāng)被絞死。
i wonder why she hanged herself.我納悶/想知道她為何上吊自殺。
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)第71課課后練習(xí)答案 key to written exercises
1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
c 1 shall have been working
2 have finished
d 1 had to go
2 should/ought to buy
3 should/ ought to have telephoned
2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
1 shop assistant 2 hung 3 hanged
3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
1b 2d 3b 4b 5c 6c
7d 8b 9b 10c 11b 12a