A famous clock一個(gè)的大鐘-新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀筆記及課后答案第71課

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新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)第71課課文重難點(diǎn) further notes on the text
    1.if the houses of parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. 如果不是國(guó)會(huì)大廈在1834年被焚毀的話(huà),這座大鐘永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)建造。
    (1)這句話(huà)用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即第3類(lèi)條件句,表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)
    相反的一種假設(shè)。(cf.第64課語(yǔ)法)
    (2)the houses of parliament,國(guó)會(huì)大廈。由于英國(guó)議會(huì)是由上議院(house of lords)和下議院(house of commons)組成的,所
    以houses為復(fù)數(shù)形式。
    (3)burn down為固定短語(yǔ),在這里表示"(使)燒成平地"、"燒毀":
    the hospital was burned down last month.那家醫(yī)院上個(gè)月被燒毀了。
    2.big ben takes its name from sir benjamin hall who was respon- sible for the making of the clock…"大本"鐘得名于本杰明·霍爾爵士,……他負(fù)責(zé)建造大鐘。
    (1)sir用于英國(guó)人的全名(或名字)之前時(shí)表示"爵士"(不單獨(dú)用
    于姓之前),如 sir john gilbert(約翰·吉爾伯特爵士)或 sir john(約翰爵士),但不能稱(chēng) sir gilbert。
    (2)responsible for表示"對(duì)……需負(fù)責(zé)任/承擔(dān)責(zé)任的":
    who is responslble for the accident?誰(shuí)應(yīng)對(duì)這起事故負(fù)責(zé)?
    john is responsible for the building of the bridge. 約翰負(fù)責(zé)修建這座橋。
    (3)-ing形式前面無(wú)冠詞時(shí)可直接跟賓語(yǔ):making the clock; -ing 前有冠詞時(shí)則其后不能直接跟賓語(yǔ),而必須用of;the making of the clock.
    3.it is not only of immense size…此鐘不僅外型巨大……
    be of…表示人或物的特征:
    we are of the same age/size.我們年齡/個(gè)頭相同。
    this letter is of great importance.這封信至關(guān)重要。
    4.officials from greenwich observatory have the clock checked twice a day. 格林威治天文臺(tái)的官員們每天兩次派人矯正此鐘。
    (1)greenwich 格林威治(又譯格林尼治),位于倫敦東南,是本初
    子午線(xiàn),即經(jīng)度零度經(jīng)過(guò)的地方。
    (2)have the clock checked是have的使役式用法。(cf. 第66課語(yǔ)法)
    5.big ben has rarely gone wrong. "大本"鐘很少出差錯(cuò)。
    go wrong為固定短語(yǔ),其含義之一是"(機(jī)器等)發(fā)生故障"、"出毛病":
    my watch/the engine of the car has gone wrong.我的手表/汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)出了毛病。
    something has gone wrong with my car.我的汽車(chē)出毛病了。
    6.slow…down,把……弄慢。
    slow down為固定短語(yǔ)(可分開(kāi)使用),其含義之一為"(使……)慢下來(lái)/減速":
    he slowed his car down while driving in heavy traffic.他在車(chē)輛擁擠的路上駕駛時(shí),放慢了車(chē)速。
    新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)第71課語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn) grammar in use
    復(fù)習(xí)第60~69課部分語(yǔ)法
    通過(guò)這幾課的語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí),我們知道在表示將來(lái)時(shí)的句子中,要
    在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中使用現(xiàn)在時(shí),同時(shí)也要在第1類(lèi)條件句中用
    現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示;學(xué)習(xí)了將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的形
    式和用法;學(xué)習(xí)了第3類(lèi)條件句、情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 must, have to, should和ought to;學(xué)習(xí)了用于使役式的動(dòng)詞 have,以及用于介
    詞+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):
    the thompsons will move to a new flat when their baby is born.孩子出生以后,湯普森一家將搬到一套新的公寓去住。
    by this time next week, i will have been working for this firm for twenty years.到下星期此刻,我就已經(jīng)為這家公司工作了20年了。(將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常要和某個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)往往表示"到/截止……時(shí)候")
    firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.消防隊(duì)員們同那場(chǎng)森林大火搏斗了將近三個(gè)星期才后把火勢(shì)控制住。(過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一樣,也要有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);它們都強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性)
    if i had worked harder at school, i'd have got a better job.要是我上學(xué)時(shí)勤奮一些,我就會(huì)有較好的工作了。(第3 類(lèi)條件句表示與事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣)
    we should/ought to arrest him, but we shall let him off this time.我們應(yīng)該逮捕它,但這次我們饒了它。
    he should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.他本該知道警察絕不會(huì)允許這類(lèi)事情發(fā)生。(should+ have+過(guò)去分詞表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做或完成而沒(méi)有做的事)
    the french authorities had the plane packaged and moved in parts back to france.法國(guó)政府讓人把飛機(jī)包裝起來(lái),一部分一部分地搬回法國(guó)。(have+名詞/賓格代詞+過(guò)去分詞表示讓別人為自己做某事)
    after being robbed, the man called the police.那人遭搶劫后給警方打了電話(huà)。(after+動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,但主語(yǔ)必須一致)
    新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)第71課詞匯學(xué)習(xí) word study
    1.official, employee與shop assistant
    official指"官員"、"公務(wù)員":
    before he retired, jeremy had been a government/city official.在他退休之前,杰里米一直是位政府/市政府官員。
    a customs official checked their passports.一位海關(guān)官員檢查了他們的護(hù)照。
    official也可以指"高級(jí)官員":
    bank officials get high salaries.銀行高級(jí)職員的工薪很高。
    employee泛指"雇員"、"雇工"(包括各個(gè)層次的):
    in a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which had seven hundred employees.幾年之后,小鋪?zhàn)右呀?jīng)發(fā)展成一個(gè)雇有700人的大工廠(chǎng)。
    later he became a government employee.后來(lái)他成了一名公務(wù)員/政府雇員。
    shop assistant在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中表示零售店的"店員"(相當(dāng)于美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中的salesclerk):
    the shop assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.接待她的售貨員不喜歡她的那副打扮。
    2.hang, hung, hung與hang, hanged, hanged
    當(dāng)hang表示"懸掛"時(shí),其過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞均為hung:
    a painter hung a pot of paint on one of the hand and slowed the clock down.一位油漆工把一只油漆桶掛在了一根指針上,把針弄慢了。
    i'm hanging this picture on the wall.我正把這幅畫(huà)掛到墻上去。
    當(dāng)hang表示"絞死"、"吊死"或"上吊"時(shí),其過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞均為 hanged:
    as he has murdered three men, he ought to be hanged.他已殺了3個(gè)人,他應(yīng)當(dāng)被絞死。
    i wonder why she hanged herself.我納悶/想知道她為何上吊自殺。
    新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)第71課課后練習(xí)答案 key to written exercises
    1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
    c 1 shall have been working
    2 have finished
    d 1 had to go
    2 should/ought to buy
    3 should/ ought to have telephoned
    2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
    1 shop assistant 2 hung 3 hanged
    3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
    1b 2d 3b 4b 5c 6c
    7d 8b 9b 10c 11b 12a