新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)第57課課文重難點(diǎn) further notes on the text
1．the assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.接待她的售貨員不喜歡她的那副打扮。
the way在這里表示"方式"、"樣式"，she was dressed為關(guān)系從句，修飾the way。dress表示"穿著"、"打扮"時(shí)常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
why is your aunt dressed in black?你姑姑為什么穿黑色衣服？
2．…h(huán)e told her that the dress was sold.……告訴她那件衣服已經(jīng)賣出去了。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在這里含有動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成的意忠，即表示目前的狀態(tài)。
3．she returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.第2天上午，她又來(lái)到這家商店，穿了一件裘皮大衣，一只手拎著一只手提包，另一只手拿著一把長(zhǎng)柄傘。
dressed引導(dǎo)的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨狀態(tài)。它也可以變換位置，放在句首，其意義不變：dressed in a fur coat, she returned…with帶有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)：handbag和unbrella。with引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)也作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨狀態(tài)：
he walked in the park with a dog behind him.他在公園里散步，身后跟了一條狗。
4．a(chǎn)fter seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. 找到那個(gè)無(wú)禮的售貨員后，她還要看昨天的那件衣服。
（1）現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)代替時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句后，保留了連詞after。類似的情況如：
since phoning you this morning, i've changed my plans.自從今天早上給你打了電話以后，我已改變了計(jì)劃。
while trying to open the bottle, i cut my hand.在試圖打開瓶子時(shí)，我劃破了手。
（2）seek out為固定短語(yǔ)，表示"找出"、"搜尋出"：
he sought out the thief in the crowd.他在人群中找出了那個(gè)小偷。
seek him out quickly. i want to speak to him.快把他找出來(lái)。我想和他談一談。
（3）ask for表示"要"、"要求"：
i asked for a cup of coffee, but you gave me a cup of tea.我要的是一杯咖啡，但你卻給了我一杯茶。
5．not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. 那個(gè)售貨員沒有認(rèn)出她是誰(shuí)，這一回接待她的態(tài)度非常殷勤。
（1）現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)代替一個(gè)分句位于句首時(shí)，其否定形式是在它前面加上not, without或never等否定詞。這些詞有時(shí)可互換，有時(shí)則不可：
not/without/never hesitating for a moment, he ran after the thief.他沒有一絲猶豫便追趕那小偷。
not being able to open the door, i asked my neighbour for help.由于開不了門，我便向鄰居求援。
（2）像eager, glad, pleased, sorry等描述感覺的形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)后面往往跟不定式：
they are all eager to come.他們都急于來(lái)。
i'm pleased to work with you.我很高興能與你一起工作。
6．with great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. 費(fèi)了好大勁兒，他爬進(jìn)櫥窗去取那件衣服。
with在這里表示行為方式：
with care, she put the vase on the shelf.她小心翼翼地把花瓶放在架子上。
he lifted the box with ease/difficulty.他很輕松地/費(fèi)勁地舉起那箱子。
7．she enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.她開心地迫使那位售貨員把櫥窗里幾乎所有的東西都拿了出來(lái)，后才買下了她先要看的那一件。
（1）enjoy oneself doing sth.表示"從……中得到樂趣"：
he enjoyed himself making the dog run after beggars.他讓那條狗追逐乞丐，并從中取樂。
（2）make后面的動(dòng)詞不定式不加to（cf．本課詞匯學(xué)習(xí)）
（3）代替時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)帶有連詞before。
新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)第57課語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn) grammar in use
用于表示地點(diǎn)和位置的介詞和副詞in, at和off;用于描寫人的介詞in和with
在第9課的語(yǔ)法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的介詞in, on, at, during, till和until;在第33課的語(yǔ)法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了表示方向和目的地的介詞和副詞，如on, off, from, to, towards, in, into, out of, at, under, over等。
（1）在表示地點(diǎn)和位置時(shí)，說(shuō)話人的個(gè)人角度會(huì)影響對(duì)介詞的選擇。at通常用于表示居住地點(diǎn)和某個(gè)停留地點(diǎn)、工作地點(diǎn)等，而in則表示里面或包圍的含義：
i stopped at london on the way to new york.去紐約的途中我曾在倫敦停留。（倫敦是途中的一個(gè)點(diǎn)）
i live in london.我住在倫敦。（倫敦"包圍著"他）
we met at the cinema this afternoon. he waited for me near the ticket office.我們今天下午在電*見了面。他在售票處附近等我。
we swam in the river while jane sat in the car.我們?cè)诤永镉斡緯r(shí)簡(jiǎn)坐在汽車?yán)铩?BR> （2）off常與動(dòng)詞連用，表示位置的變化，即"與……分離"，可譯為"脫掉"、"脫落"等，其反義詞為on:
the handle of my suitcase has come off.我手提箱的提手掉下來(lái)了。
he took the cup off the shelf.他把杯子從架上拿了下來(lái)。
（3）描寫人時(shí)，in通常用于表示穿著，with則表示身上的某個(gè)具體特征或隨身帶著什么：
yesterday she was (dressed) in jeans. today she is (dressed) in a fur coat.昨天她穿著牛仔褲。今天她穿了一件裘皮大衣。
john looks very handsome in that uniform, doesn't he?約翰穿那套制服時(shí)看上去非常英俊，是不是？
he looks handsome in anything!他穿任何衣服看上去都很英?。?BR> the man with a beard over there is sam.那邊那個(gè)留著胡子的人是薩姆。
the police say the woman they're looking for has a red handbag/red hair.警方說(shuō)他們正在尋找的那位婦女有一個(gè)紅色的手提包/一頭紅發(fā)。
there's a woman with a red handbag/red hair over there!那邊就有一位帶著紅色手提包/長(zhǎng)著一頭紅發(fā)的婦女！
a child came along with a brown dog.一位帶著一條棕色的狗的小孩走了過(guò)來(lái)。
新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)第57課詞匯學(xué)習(xí) word study
1．serve vt., vi.
（1）幫傭，當(dāng)仆人，給……干活：
mary served (in) the family as a cook for more than ten years.瑪麗在那戶人家當(dāng)了十多年廚師。
（2）服務(wù)；服役；供職：
have you ever served in the army?你服過(guò)兵役嗎？
she served the firm as a secretary for two years.她在這家公司當(dāng)過(guò)兩年秘書。
（3）接待（顧客）：
the assistant was eager to serve her this time.那個(gè)售貨員這回接待她的態(tài)度非常殷勤。
tom served in a restaurant when he was 18.湯姆18歲時(shí)在餐館當(dāng)過(guò)侍者。
2．make與let
這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞后面都跟不帶to的不定式，但意義和用法上有區(qū)別。
（1）make+名詞/代詞+不帶to的不定式表示"迫使"、"致使"：
that beard makes you look much older than you really are.您的胡須使您看上去比您的實(shí)際年齡大得多。
what made him change his mind?是什么使他改變了主意？
she made the assistant bring almost everything in the window.她迫使那位售貨員把櫥窗里幾乎所有的東西都拿了出來(lái)。
在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中含有上述意義的make后面必須帶to:
he was made to work fourteen hours a day.他被迫一天工作14小時(shí)。
he was made to change his mind.他被迫改變了主意。
（2）let有兩種用法，一是用于祈使句，建議包括說(shuō)話者在內(nèi)的人采取某一行動(dòng)：
let's not waste any more time.我們別再浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了。
let's take a taxi.我們坐出租車吧。
其否定形式除let's not…外也可以用don't let's…:
don't let's waste any more time.我們別再浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了。
這種祈使句中的let相當(dāng)于助動(dòng)詞。
let的第2種用法是表示"允許"，其結(jié)構(gòu)與make相同，即 let+名詞/代詞+不帶to的不定式。如果賓語(yǔ)是us,則不能縮寫成let's:
please let us have more time, will you?請(qǐng)多給我們一點(diǎn)時(shí)間好嗎？
i won't let you ride my bicycle.我不讓你騎我的自行車。
let him speak.讓他說(shuō)話。
let后面可以跟一個(gè)被動(dòng)的、不帶to的不定式：
he let it be known that the house was his.他讓大家知道那房子是他的。
但是let一般不用于被動(dòng)意義來(lái)表示"被允許"，這時(shí)可用allow:
they didn't let us speak.他們沒有讓我們講話。
we were not allowed to speak.我們沒有被允許講話。
新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)第57課課后練習(xí)答案 key to written exercises
1．難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
1 don't let him bully you.
2 why don't you make. him apologize for his behaviour?
3 no one can make me believe he's telling the truth.
4 will your parents let you come to the theatre with us?
5 let's go for a drive in the country.
2．多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
1 a 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 b 6 d
7 c 8 d 9 c 10 b 11 d 12 a
1．the assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.接待她的售貨員不喜歡她的那副打扮。
the way在這里表示"方式"、"樣式"，she was dressed為關(guān)系從句，修飾the way。dress表示"穿著"、"打扮"時(shí)常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
why is your aunt dressed in black?你姑姑為什么穿黑色衣服？
2．…h(huán)e told her that the dress was sold.……告訴她那件衣服已經(jīng)賣出去了。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在這里含有動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成的意忠，即表示目前的狀態(tài)。
3．she returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.第2天上午，她又來(lái)到這家商店，穿了一件裘皮大衣，一只手拎著一只手提包，另一只手拿著一把長(zhǎng)柄傘。
dressed引導(dǎo)的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨狀態(tài)。它也可以變換位置，放在句首，其意義不變：dressed in a fur coat, she returned…with帶有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)：handbag和unbrella。with引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)也作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨狀態(tài)：
he walked in the park with a dog behind him.他在公園里散步，身后跟了一條狗。
4．a(chǎn)fter seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. 找到那個(gè)無(wú)禮的售貨員后，她還要看昨天的那件衣服。
（1）現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)代替時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句后，保留了連詞after。類似的情況如：
since phoning you this morning, i've changed my plans.自從今天早上給你打了電話以后，我已改變了計(jì)劃。
while trying to open the bottle, i cut my hand.在試圖打開瓶子時(shí)，我劃破了手。
（2）seek out為固定短語(yǔ)，表示"找出"、"搜尋出"：
he sought out the thief in the crowd.他在人群中找出了那個(gè)小偷。
seek him out quickly. i want to speak to him.快把他找出來(lái)。我想和他談一談。
（3）ask for表示"要"、"要求"：
i asked for a cup of coffee, but you gave me a cup of tea.我要的是一杯咖啡，但你卻給了我一杯茶。
5．not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. 那個(gè)售貨員沒有認(rèn)出她是誰(shuí)，這一回接待她的態(tài)度非常殷勤。
（1）現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)代替一個(gè)分句位于句首時(shí)，其否定形式是在它前面加上not, without或never等否定詞。這些詞有時(shí)可互換，有時(shí)則不可：
not/without/never hesitating for a moment, he ran after the thief.他沒有一絲猶豫便追趕那小偷。
not being able to open the door, i asked my neighbour for help.由于開不了門，我便向鄰居求援。
（2）像eager, glad, pleased, sorry等描述感覺的形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)后面往往跟不定式：
they are all eager to come.他們都急于來(lái)。
i'm pleased to work with you.我很高興能與你一起工作。
6．with great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. 費(fèi)了好大勁兒，他爬進(jìn)櫥窗去取那件衣服。
with在這里表示行為方式：
with care, she put the vase on the shelf.她小心翼翼地把花瓶放在架子上。
he lifted the box with ease/difficulty.他很輕松地/費(fèi)勁地舉起那箱子。
7．she enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.她開心地迫使那位售貨員把櫥窗里幾乎所有的東西都拿了出來(lái)，后才買下了她先要看的那一件。
（1）enjoy oneself doing sth.表示"從……中得到樂趣"：
he enjoyed himself making the dog run after beggars.他讓那條狗追逐乞丐，并從中取樂。
（2）make后面的動(dòng)詞不定式不加to（cf．本課詞匯學(xué)習(xí)）
（3）代替時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)帶有連詞before。
新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)第57課語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn) grammar in use
用于表示地點(diǎn)和位置的介詞和副詞in, at和off;用于描寫人的介詞in和with
在第9課的語(yǔ)法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的介詞in, on, at, during, till和until;在第33課的語(yǔ)法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了表示方向和目的地的介詞和副詞，如on, off, from, to, towards, in, into, out of, at, under, over等。
（1）在表示地點(diǎn)和位置時(shí)，說(shuō)話人的個(gè)人角度會(huì)影響對(duì)介詞的選擇。at通常用于表示居住地點(diǎn)和某個(gè)停留地點(diǎn)、工作地點(diǎn)等，而in則表示里面或包圍的含義：
i stopped at london on the way to new york.去紐約的途中我曾在倫敦停留。（倫敦是途中的一個(gè)點(diǎn)）
i live in london.我住在倫敦。（倫敦"包圍著"他）
we met at the cinema this afternoon. he waited for me near the ticket office.我們今天下午在電*見了面。他在售票處附近等我。
we swam in the river while jane sat in the car.我們?cè)诤永镉斡緯r(shí)簡(jiǎn)坐在汽車?yán)铩?BR> （2）off常與動(dòng)詞連用，表示位置的變化，即"與……分離"，可譯為"脫掉"、"脫落"等，其反義詞為on:
the handle of my suitcase has come off.我手提箱的提手掉下來(lái)了。
he took the cup off the shelf.他把杯子從架上拿了下來(lái)。
（3）描寫人時(shí)，in通常用于表示穿著，with則表示身上的某個(gè)具體特征或隨身帶著什么：
yesterday she was (dressed) in jeans. today she is (dressed) in a fur coat.昨天她穿著牛仔褲。今天她穿了一件裘皮大衣。
john looks very handsome in that uniform, doesn't he?約翰穿那套制服時(shí)看上去非常英俊，是不是？
he looks handsome in anything!他穿任何衣服看上去都很英?。?BR> the man with a beard over there is sam.那邊那個(gè)留著胡子的人是薩姆。
the police say the woman they're looking for has a red handbag/red hair.警方說(shuō)他們正在尋找的那位婦女有一個(gè)紅色的手提包/一頭紅發(fā)。
there's a woman with a red handbag/red hair over there!那邊就有一位帶著紅色手提包/長(zhǎng)著一頭紅發(fā)的婦女！
a child came along with a brown dog.一位帶著一條棕色的狗的小孩走了過(guò)來(lái)。
新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)第57課詞匯學(xué)習(xí) word study
1．serve vt., vi.
（1）幫傭，當(dāng)仆人，給……干活：
mary served (in) the family as a cook for more than ten years.瑪麗在那戶人家當(dāng)了十多年廚師。
（2）服務(wù)；服役；供職：
have you ever served in the army?你服過(guò)兵役嗎？
she served the firm as a secretary for two years.她在這家公司當(dāng)過(guò)兩年秘書。
（3）接待（顧客）：
the assistant was eager to serve her this time.那個(gè)售貨員這回接待她的態(tài)度非常殷勤。
tom served in a restaurant when he was 18.湯姆18歲時(shí)在餐館當(dāng)過(guò)侍者。
2．make與let
這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞后面都跟不帶to的不定式，但意義和用法上有區(qū)別。
（1）make+名詞/代詞+不帶to的不定式表示"迫使"、"致使"：
that beard makes you look much older than you really are.您的胡須使您看上去比您的實(shí)際年齡大得多。
what made him change his mind?是什么使他改變了主意？
she made the assistant bring almost everything in the window.她迫使那位售貨員把櫥窗里幾乎所有的東西都拿了出來(lái)。
在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中含有上述意義的make后面必須帶to:
he was made to work fourteen hours a day.他被迫一天工作14小時(shí)。
he was made to change his mind.他被迫改變了主意。
（2）let有兩種用法，一是用于祈使句，建議包括說(shuō)話者在內(nèi)的人采取某一行動(dòng)：
let's not waste any more time.我們別再浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了。
let's take a taxi.我們坐出租車吧。
其否定形式除let's not…外也可以用don't let's…:
don't let's waste any more time.我們別再浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了。
這種祈使句中的let相當(dāng)于助動(dòng)詞。
let的第2種用法是表示"允許"，其結(jié)構(gòu)與make相同，即 let+名詞/代詞+不帶to的不定式。如果賓語(yǔ)是us,則不能縮寫成let's:
please let us have more time, will you?請(qǐng)多給我們一點(diǎn)時(shí)間好嗎？
i won't let you ride my bicycle.我不讓你騎我的自行車。
let him speak.讓他說(shuō)話。
let后面可以跟一個(gè)被動(dòng)的、不帶to的不定式：
he let it be known that the house was his.他讓大家知道那房子是他的。
但是let一般不用于被動(dòng)意義來(lái)表示"被允許"，這時(shí)可用allow:
they didn't let us speak.他們沒有讓我們講話。
we were not allowed to speak.我們沒有被允許講話。
新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)第57課課后練習(xí)答案 key to written exercises
1．難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
1 don't let him bully you.
2 why don't you make. him apologize for his behaviour?
3 no one can make me believe he's telling the truth.
4 will your parents let you come to the theatre with us?
5 let's go for a drive in the country.
2．多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
1 a 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 b 6 d
7 c 8 d 9 c 10 b 11 d 12 a