He often does this!他經(jīng)常干這種事!-新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀筆記第18課

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新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)第18課課文重難點(diǎn) further notes on the text
    1.a(chǎn)fter i had had lunch at a village pub, i looked for my bag. 我在一家鄉(xiāng)村小酒店吃過(guò)午飯后,就找我的提包。
    (1)have在have lunch這個(gè)詞組中是完全動(dòng)詞而不是助動(dòng)詞,因此,像其他完全動(dòng)詞一樣,它的過(guò)去完成時(shí)要加助動(dòng)詞had。
    (cf. 本課語(yǔ)法)
    (2)pub為public house(酒店,酒吧)的縮略形式,在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)的口語(yǔ)中較常見(jiàn):
    let's go to the pub for a drink.
    咱們?nèi)ゾ频旰缺瓢伞?BR>    (3)look for強(qiáng)調(diào)"尋找"這個(gè)動(dòng)作,而不涉及結(jié)果:
    i looked for my key everywhere, but i couldn't find it.
    我到處尋找我的鑰匙,但還是沒(méi)找到。
    2.i had left it on a chair beside the door…我曾把它放在門邊的椅子上……
    leave除了"離去"、"離開(kāi)"、"出發(fā)"的意思,還可以表示"把(人、物)留下"、"遺留"、"丟下"等:
    the dog has left your bag by a tree.
    那狗把你的提包丟在了一棵樹(shù)旁。
    have you left anything in the car?
    你有沒(méi)有把什么東西丟在車?yán)铮?BR>    leave the books on the desk.
    把書(shū)放在課桌上。
    3.my dog had taken it into the garden. he often does this!我的狗把它弄到花園里去了,他常干這種事!
    he在這里指代的是狗。動(dòng)物通常用it來(lái)代表,即被看成像東西一樣。但是,指寵物、家畜或民間故事中的動(dòng)物時(shí),我們經(jīng)常也用he,she,who等,即使得它們"人格化"并具有性別。用陰性代詞指某個(gè)動(dòng)物或東西時(shí)尤其有一種親切的含義:
    i have a little cat. she drinks milk every morning.
    我有一只小貓。她每天早上喝牛奶。
    george's parrot, henry, can speak a few words. he always calls when there are lights.
    喬治的鸚鵡亨利能說(shuō)幾個(gè)單詞。只要有燈光他就叫。
    語(yǔ)法 grammar in use
    完全動(dòng)詞have
    (1)動(dòng)詞have有兩種用法。一是作為助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成各種完成時(shí)(包括過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái))和完成進(jìn)行時(shí):
    i haven't seen him this morning.
    have you left anything in the car?
    你有沒(méi)有把什么東西丟在車?yán)铮?BR>    leave the books on the desk.
    把書(shū)放在課桌上。
    3.my dog had taken it into the garden. he often does this!我的狗把它弄到花園里去了,他常干這種事!
    he在這里指代的是狗。動(dòng)物通常用it來(lái)代表,即被看成像東西一樣。但是,指寵物、家畜或民間故事中的動(dòng)物時(shí),我們經(jīng)常也用he,she,who等,即使得它們"人格化"并具有性別。用陰性代詞指某個(gè)動(dòng)物或東西時(shí)尤其有一種親切的含義:
    i have a little cat. she drinks milk every morning.
    我有一只小貓。她每天早上喝牛奶。
    george's parrot, henry, can speak a few words. he always calls when there are lights.
    喬治的鸚鵡亨利能說(shuō)幾個(gè)單詞。只要有燈光他就叫。
    語(yǔ)法 grammar in use
    完全動(dòng)詞have
    (1)動(dòng)詞have有兩種用法。一是作為助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成各種完成時(shí)(包括過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái))和完成進(jìn)行時(shí):
    i haven't seen him this morning.
    我今天上午沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)他。
    when i rang, tim had already left.
    我打電話的時(shí)候,蒂姆已經(jīng)走了。
    (2)have還可以作完全動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)它作"具有"、"擁有"講時(shí),它和have got通常可以互換。在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,疑問(wèn)句和否定句中
    have(具有)的用法與be相同,即可以不用助動(dòng)詞do(或did)。
    i haven't got any pencils.
    我沒(méi)有鉛筆。
    在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,常用do,did等與have一起構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句和否定句:
    這種形式在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中現(xiàn)在也常見(jiàn)了。
    have作"具有"、"擁有"講時(shí)是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞,不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。它通常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):
    you can have these apples if you want them. i've got a lot more.
    如果你想要這些蘋(píng)果你可以把它們拿走。我還有許多。
    he has(got) a ford.
    他有一輛福特牌汽車。
    在其他時(shí)態(tài)中,一般用have而不用 have got:
    he had a ford last year.
    去年他有過(guò)一輛福特牌汽車。
    i have had this car for three years.
    這輛汽車我已用了3年了。
    last week, jimmy had a bad cold.
    上星期吉米得了重感冒。
    (3)have 作完全動(dòng)詞時(shí),還可以表示eat,drink,enjoy,take等意思,這時(shí)它是行為動(dòng)詞,可以用于包括進(jìn)行時(shí)的各種時(shí)態(tài):
    have a cigarette, sam.
    薩姆,請(qǐng)抽煙。
    we will have dinner at seven o'clock.
    我們將于7點(diǎn)開(kāi)飯。
    sam and i had lunch together today.
    我和薩姆今天一起吃的午飯。
    i'm having a drink.
    我正在喝點(diǎn)東西。
    當(dāng)have用于表示這些含義時(shí),它必須與do和did等連用以構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句和否定句:
    詞匯學(xué)習(xí) word study
    1.beside與besides
    介詞beside常用的含義為"在……旁邊"、"在……附近":
    come and sit beside us.
    過(guò)來(lái)坐在我們旁邊吧。
    there is a chair beside the door.
    門旁邊有一把椅子。
    besides的詞形與beside很相似,但意義卻相差甚遠(yuǎn)。besides作副詞時(shí)表示"而且"、"并且"、"此外"等意思:
    she has so much else to do besides.
    此外,她還有許多其他事要做。
    i'm quite busy today. besides, i've got a bad cold.
    我今天很忙,而且我還感冒得厲害。
    besides還可以作介詞,表示"除……之外(還)":
    there were a lot of people at the party besides us.
    除了我們以外,晚會(huì)上還有許多(其他)人。
    2.give的幾個(gè)固定搭配
    及物動(dòng)詞give常用的含義是"給予"、"交給":
    give me some water, please.
    請(qǐng)給我一些水。
    i lent him some books last month and he has given them back to me this morning.
    我上個(gè)月曾借給他一些書(shū)。他今天上午都還給我了??梢钥闯?,give與back連用時(shí),它的意義并沒(méi)有發(fā)生太大的變化。但是,當(dāng)它與其他副詞連用時(shí),意義往往會(huì)有變化,有時(shí)變化非常大:
    he gave away all his books to the library.
    他把所有的書(shū)都贈(zèng)給了這家圖書(shū)館。(give away:贈(zèng)送)
    give in your examination papers after you've finished.
    考卷做好后就交上來(lái)。(give in:上交,呈交)
    you can do what you like. i will never give in.
    你想干什么就干什么。我決不屈服。(give in:屈服,讓步)
    he gave up drinking a few years ago.
    他幾年前戒酒了。(give up:放棄,拋棄)
    jack has given up the watch he stole last week.
    杰克把他上星期偷的表交了出來(lái)。(give up:交出,讓出)
    練習(xí)答案 key to written exercises
    1.關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案
    a 1 i looked for my bag after i had had lunch at a village pub.
    2 i had left my bag on a chair beside the door.
    3 the landlord asked me:'did you have a good meal?'
    4 i answered:'i can't pay the bill because i haven't got my bag.'
    5 the dog had taken the bag into the garden.
    c sentences 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11
    2.難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案
    a 1 back 2 away 3 in 4 in
    b 1 besides 2 beside
    3.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案
    1b 2d 3b 4d 5b 6c
    7d 8c 9a 10c 11c 12b