2017考研《英語》基礎(chǔ)階段模擬試題及答案詳解(1)

    Section I Structure and Vocabulary
    Directions:
    Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET (20 points)
    1. As scheduled, the communications satellite went into ________ round the earth.
    [A] circle [B] orbit [C] path [D] course
    2. I don’t want to lend any more money to him; he’s already in debt ________ me.
    [A] to [B] for [C] of [D] with
    3. ________ to speak when the audience interrupted him.
    [A] Hardly had he begun [B] No sooner had he begun
    [C] Not until he began [D] Scarcely did he begin
    4. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it ____ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.
    [A]is to be analyzed [B]has been analyzed
    [C]be analyzed [D]should have been analyzed
    5. Humble ____ it may be, there’s no place like home, where he may go.
    [A]although [B]as [C]how [D]which
    6. Although he thought he was helping us prepare the dinner, he was actually ________ the way.
    [A] in [B] by [C] off [D] on
    7. Although the false banknotes fooled many people, they did not close examination.
    [A] put up [B] keep up [C] stand up to [D] look up to
    8. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely ________ to the outside world.
    [A] being lost [B] having lost [C] losing [D] lost
    9. Our modern civilization must not be thought of as ________ in a short period of time.
    [A] being created [B] to have been created
    [C] having been created [D] to be created
    10. The students expected there ________ more reviewing classes before the final exam.
    [A] is [B] being [C] have been [D] to be
    11. The patient has been ________ of the safety of the operation.
    [A] assured [B] guaranteed [C] entrusted [D] confirmed
    12. Will you ________ this passage to see if there is any misprint?
    [A] look up [B] go over [C] dwell on [D] work out
    13. The album is as it was the only one ever signed by the President.
    [A] unusual [B] unique [C] rare [D] singular
    14. Prof. Ward hardly ever went to the theater.
    [A] neither the cinema nor [B] neither the cinema or
    [C] either the cinema or [D] either the cinema nor
    15. The bank is reported ________ in the local newspaper in broad daylight yesterday.
    [A] to be robbed [B] robbed
    [C] to have been robbed [D] having been robbed
    16. Talk to anyone in the drug industry, you’ll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.
    [A] or [B] so [C] for [D] and
    17. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ________ our chairman now.
    [A] must have been [B] would have been [C] were [D] would be
    18. Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which ________ increase the risk of heart disease.
    [A] in turn [B] in return [C] by chance [D] by turns
    19. The tourist is prevented from entering a country if he does not have ________ passport.
    [A] an operative [B] a valid [C] an efficient [D] an effective
    20. The project requires more labor than ________.
    [A] has been put in [B] have been put in [C] being put in [D] to be put in
    Section II Use of English
    Directions:
    Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
    Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and 21 worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” 22 meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. ­One should be wary, however, of 23 that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a(n) 24 to others. Examination of factors related to the 25 development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in 26 .
    The last century saw a steady gradual increase in 27 , and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners 28 , and thus there was some 29 in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a 30 activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would 31 distraction to other readers.
    Towards the end of the century there was still 32 argument over whether books should be used for information or treated 33 , and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way 34 weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. 35 , its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was 36 by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a 37 readership on the other.
    By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, 38 not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly 39 what the term “reading” 40 .
    21.[A] contemporary[B] modern[C] medieval [D] western
    22.[A] undoubtedly[B] really[C] absolutely[D] accordingly
    23.[A] imagining[B] consuming[C] resuming[D] assuming
    24.[A] interruption[B] distraction[C] bother[D] pressure
    25.[A] historical[B] historic[C] history[D] historian
    26.[A] quality[B] character[C] personality[D] distinctiveness
    27.[A] literate[B] illiterate[C] literacy[D] literature
    28.[A] receded[B] declined[C] increased[D] expanded
    29.[A] limitation[B] necessity[C] reduction[D] shrink
    30.[A] private[B] overt[C] public[D] secret
    31.[A] cause[B] effect[C] produce[D] realize
    32.[A] considerable[B] considerate[C] moderate[D] immoderate
    33.[A] respectively[B] honorably[C] respectfully[D] relatively
    34.[A] largely[B] intelligently[C] mentally[D] physically
    35.[A] However[B]Whatever[C] Whichever[D] Wherever
    36.[A] replaced[B] taken[C] followed[D] distinguished
    37.[A] specific[B] special[C] specified[D] specialized
    38.[A] and[B] if[C] but[D] or
    39.[A] translated[B] differed[C] shifted[D] altered
    40.[A] inferred[B] advised[C] induced[D] implied
    Section I Structure and Vocabulary
    1-5 BAACB 6-10 ACDCD
    11-15 ABBCC 16-20 DDABA
    1. B 考查名詞辨析。
    2. A 考查介詞搭配。短語in debt和介詞to構(gòu)成搭配，表示“欠……債”。句子譯文：我不想再借錢給他;他已經(jīng)欠我的債了。
    3. A 考查hardly…when結(jié)構(gòu)的倒裝形式。
    4. 正確答案為C項。本題考查名詞insistence的用法。按照該詞的要求，其后的同位語從句謂語動詞使用should+原形，should可以省略。在本句中，動詞analyze和主語it(指Afro-American poetry)是被動關(guān)系，所以使用被動語態(tài)。句子譯文：“讓·瓦格納對美國黑人詩歌研究長遠的貢獻是，他堅決主張既要用世俗的觀點又要用宗教的觀點分析美國黑人詩歌。”
    5. 正確答案為B項。本題考查as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的倒裝形式。規(guī)則為：從句結(jié)尾的詞置于句首。句子譯文：“盡管家很簡陋，但無論他走到哪里，也找不到像家這樣的地方。”
    6. 正確答案為A項?？疾榻樵~詞組。詞組in the way表示“妨礙”;by the way表示“順便說一聲”;off the way表示“離開道路”;on the way表示“在路上”。根據(jù)語境，此處應(yīng)選擇in the way。句子譯文：盡管他認(rèn)為他在幫我們做飯，實際上他礙手礙腳。
    7. 正確答案為C項?？疾楦痹~短語。短語put up表示“舉起”、“建造”等;keep up表示“繼續(xù)”、“堅持”;stand up to表示“經(jīng)得起，頂?shù)米　?、“勇敢地面對?look up to表示“尊敬”。句子譯文：盡管假鈔蒙蔽了許多人，但它們卻經(jīng)不起仔細檢查。
    8. 正確答案為D項。由過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而成的形容詞lost和介詞to搭配，表示“對……沒有感覺的”。在lost之前也可以加being，但是要注意語序，應(yīng)表達為being completely lost。句子譯文：“安娜在讀一本科幻小說，完全忽略了外面的世界?！?BR>    9. 正確答案為C項。
    10. 正確答案為D項。動詞expect之后接不定式作賓語補足語，當(dāng)然也可以接賓語從句。本句既可以說The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exam.，也可以說The students expected there would be more reviewing classes before the final exam.句子譯文：“學(xué)生們希望在期末考試前有更多的復(fù)習(xí)課?！?BR>    11. 正確答案為A項?？疾閯釉~辨析。
    12. 正確答案為B項?？疾楦痹~短語。短語look up表示“查閱”;go over表示“仔細查看，檢查”、“復(fù)習(xí)”;dwell on表示“詳述”、“老是想著”;work out表示“制定出”、“解決”。譯文：你可以把這篇文章檢查一遍，看是否有打印錯誤嗎?
    13. 正確答案為B項?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。形容詞unusual表示“異乎尋常的”;unique表示“獨一無二的”;rare表示“稀有的，罕見的”;singular表示“奇特的”。根據(jù)題干后半部分的提示，強調(diào)性，應(yīng)選unique。句子譯文：這本相冊與眾不同，因為它是總統(tǒng)曾簽過名的相冊。
    14. 正確答案為C項。本題考查either…or…，A項的neither…nor…雖然本身是正確的，但是與題意不符。句子譯文：沃德教授幾乎從未去過電*和劇場。
    15. 正確答案為C項。本題考查不定式作主語的補足語，而且表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，應(yīng)使用不定式的完成時。句子譯文：“據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貓蠹垐蟮溃蛱煸诠馓旎罩略撱y行遭到搶劫。”
    16. 正確答案為D項。祈使句表示條件，然后由and引出結(jié)果。句子譯文：如果和醫(yī)藥行業(yè)的任何人交談，你很快就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，基因科學(xué)是自青霉素發(fā)明以來對醫(yī)藥研究影響大的東西。
    17. 正確答案為D項。
    18. 正確答案為A項。
    19. 正確答案為B項。形容詞operative表示“操作的，起作用的”;valid表示“有法律效力的”，如a valid contract具有法律效力的合同，a valid air ticket有效機票;efficient表示“有效率的”;effective表示“有效果的”。句子譯文：如果沒有有效的護照，游客就不能進入一個國家。
    20. 正確答案為A項。
    Section II Use of English
    文章總體分析
    本文主要介紹了默讀在歷的發(fā)展演變過程，突出了它產(chǎn)生的原因和背景。第一段是總述，指出默讀是一種幾乎不為古典學(xué)者所知的現(xiàn)代行為。中世紀(jì)時期閱讀是指大聲朗讀，一直到19世紀(jì)默讀才比較流行。第二、三、四段是分述，段落之間是并列關(guān)系。第二段介紹了上個世紀(jì)閱讀的發(fā)展，第三段講的是接近20世紀(jì)末閱讀的發(fā)展情況，第四段講20世紀(jì)末期閱讀發(fā)展成為默讀。
    答案解析
    21. 選[C]。考查上下文語義銜接。本題要求填入一個形容詞，可以利用上義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)這一技巧。During the fifteenth century就是所填詞的下義詞，即15世紀(jì)。它既不屬于contemporary，也不屬于modern world;而[D]western則與本文主題無關(guān)。只有[C] medieval“中世紀(jì)的”，指14到16世紀(jì)之間，包括了15世紀(jì)。
    22. 選[A]?？疾樯舷挛恼Z義銜接與副詞的詞義辨析。所填副詞修飾動詞meant。文章第一句開篇明義，默讀是一種現(xiàn)代社會行為，古代學(xué)者根本不知默讀為何物。很顯然，這一句中強調(diào)讀書指的就是大聲朗讀，因此選[A] undoubtedly“毋庸置疑地，肯定地”，強調(diào)完全真實或是確實存在。[B]really“確實地，真正地”，與此處語氣不符;[C] absolutely“完全地，絕對地”;[D] accordingly“相應(yīng)地”。
    23. 選[D]?？疾樾谓~辨析。所填詞的邏輯主語是one，指人，賓語是that從句，從that從句可推斷空格處要表達“認(rèn)為，想象”的意思，因此排除[B] consuming“消費”和[C] resuming“再繼續(xù)，恢復(fù)”。[D] assuming“想，假想”，指為論證提出有一定根據(jù)的假設(shè)，很少甚至無根據(jù)的心理推測，[A] imagining指隨意或在腦海中構(gòu)成清晰明確的圖像，此處顯然是assuming符合。
    24. 選[B]。考查上下文語義銜接與名詞辨析。本題要求填入一個名詞來判斷大聲閱讀對他人的影響。我們從文章的第二段的末尾開始倒讀，在第二段的末尾同樣談到了大聲閱讀對他人的影響，此處的用詞是distraction，因此選復(fù)現(xiàn)的原詞[B]。[A] interruption“打斷，中止”，指的是瞬間行為使別人中斷做某事，reading顯然是一段時間的行為;[C] bother“麻煩，不便”，往往指“麻煩他人做某事”;[D] pressure“壓力”。
    25. 選[A]?？疾樾谓~辨析。本題需填入一個形容詞來表示“歷史發(fā)展”，四個選項都是同根詞，都與歷史有關(guān)[A] historical“歷的，歷史記載的”;[B] historic“(歷)的，重要的”;[C] history“歷史，歷史學(xué)”;[D] historian“歷史學(xué)家”。文章中主要表示客觀的歷史的發(fā)展，因此選[A]。
    26. 選[B]?？疾槊~辨析。所填詞表達閱讀任務(wù)本身在……方面的改變，是對閱讀這一任務(wù)的修飾或指代，因此排除[A] quality“(人的)品德，品性;(事物的)品質(zhì)，質(zhì)量”，不能用來修飾默讀的品質(zhì)，同時排除[C] personality“(人的)個性，人格，人物”，用來指代人而不能指代物;而[D] distinctiveness“(品質(zhì)性格或外表)與眾不同”，強調(diào)的是與其他事物的差別，本題并不是強調(diào)默讀與別的事物的差別。因此，只有[B] character“(事物的)特性，特質(zhì)，(人或物)特點，特征”，正好可以用來指默讀的特性。
    27. 選[C]。考查形近詞辨析。四個選項都是同根詞，[A] literate是形容詞，表示“能讀會寫的，識字的”，如果表達的是會讀寫的人越來越多，則應(yīng)用increase in the literate，the后面接形容詞表示某類人。[B] illiterate“文盲”或“不識字的，沒受教育的”，與文中意思相反;選項[C] literacy是名詞，指的是“有讀寫能力，有文化”，該句要表達的是文化素質(zhì)提高，因此是increase in literacy;[D] literature“文學(xué)，作品”，不符合題意。
    28. 選[B]?？疾樯舷挛恼Z義銜接。前一分句講讀者數(shù)目增加了readers increased，那么相應(yīng)地聽別人讀書的人應(yīng)該是減少了。與increased形成反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)的只有[B] declined“下降”。而且從As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common…也可得到證實。其他選項，[A] receded“后退，倒退”，不能用來修飾the number;[C] increased、[D] expanded“膨脹，擴張”均與文意相反。
    29. 選[C]。考查上下文語義銜接?？崭袼诰渑c上一句之間的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系。正是因為讀書的人數(shù)目增多，潛在的聽者的數(shù)目下降，所以大聲朗讀的必要性也就減弱。很自然由此得出正確答案[C] reduction“減少，減弱”。[A] limitation“限制”、[B] necessity“必要性，需要”、[D] shrink“縮水，萎縮”。
    30. 選[A]?？疾樯舷挛恼Z義銜接?？崭袼诰渑c上一句之間的邏輯關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系，由as和so連接。上一句講的是reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common。本題需要填入一個形容詞與上文形成對比，應(yīng)選[A] private“私人的”。該句句意：隨著讀書作為一種為聽眾服務(wù)而存在的活動愈來愈不常見，它逐漸變成一種大眾場所普遍的私人活動。其他選項[B] overt“公開的”、[C] public“大眾的，公開的”與文義相反;[D] secret“秘密的”與空格后的public相矛盾，秘密活動怎么會在大眾場所進行?
    31. 選[A]。考查動詞辨析。四個選項均有“產(chǎn)生、引起、導(dǎo)致”之意，但其用法并不相同。選項[A] cause“引起，導(dǎo)致”，表示事件起因和結(jié)果之間的關(guān)系;[B] effect指通過克服困難或采取有計劃的行為而取得成果;[C] produce著重表示見到的或?qū)嶋H的后果;[D] realize表示希望計劃、理想會成為現(xiàn)實。本文中表示一種因果關(guān)系，所以只有[A]符合題意。
    32. 選[A]?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。分析四個選項，[A] considerable“相當(dāng)多的，相當(dāng)可觀的”、[B] considerate“考慮周到的”、[C] moderate“中等的，適度的，適中的”、[D] immoderate“不適中的，不合適的”。由still這個詞可知此處為肯定的含義，故選[A]。該句意思為：到世紀(jì)末仍然存在著許多爭論。
    33. 選[C]?？疾樯舷挛恼Z義銜接與副詞辨析。所填副詞修飾動詞treat，首先排除[A] respectively“分別地，各自地”，因為被treated的只有books一種;同時排除[D] relatively“相應(yīng)地”，因為沒有說明被對待的程度;[B] honorably“值得尊敬地，體面地”，應(yīng)該是尊敬地對待，而不能是值得尊敬地對待，所以選[C] respectfully“尊敬地，謙恭地”。
    34. 選[C]。考查上下文語義銜接與副詞辨析?？崭裉幮杼钜粋€副詞修飾weaken“削弱，使變?nèi)酢?。分析四個選項，[A] largely“主要地，大量地，在很大程度上地”;[B] intelligently“聰明地”;[C] mentally“精神上地，智力上地”;[D] physically“體力上地”。根據(jù)上下文的意思，閱讀是一種智力上的行為，因此只有[C]符合題意。該句句意：人們討論閱讀諸如報紙這樣的材料是否在某種程度上是智力上的削弱。
    35. 選[B]?？疾樯舷挛倪壿嬨暯?。主句講的是那種共同分享文化知識的習(xí)俗已經(jīng)成為過去，分句中提到了大聲閱讀的優(yōu)點its values，由此可以判斷主句和分句間的關(guān)系是讓步關(guān)系，用副詞whatever“無論什么，不管什么”連接，后面省略了主語和謂語“it had”。[A] However“然而，可是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系;[C] whichever“任何一個”;[D] wherever“無論哪里”，表示的是地點。
    36. 選[A]。考查上下文語義銜接。上句說到傳統(tǒng)的文化已經(jīng)消失，這句談到現(xiàn)在的媒體方式。前者肯定是被后者所取代的，因此選[A] replace“取代，代替”，符合題意。該句句意：取代傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗的一方面是現(xiàn)代的印刷媒體。[B] take“拿，取”、[C] follow“追隨，跟隨”、[D] distinguish“區(qū)別”。本題易誤選[C]，這是因為沒有弄明白傳統(tǒng)文化方式與現(xiàn)在媒體關(guān)系。
    37. 選[D]?？疾樾谓~辨析。選項[A] specific“明確的，確切的”;[B] special“特別的，特殊的，專門的”;[C]specified“明確規(guī)定的”;[D] specialized“專門的，專業(yè)的”。readership是一個抽象的概念，指“讀者的身份”。選項中可修飾這個詞的只有specialized，意為“專業(yè)化的”，因此選[D]。
    38. 選[B]?？疾樯舷挛倪壿嬨暯?。本題涉及到上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，而且難度較大，因為空格所在處實際為一個省略主謂語的插入成分，即if (it is) not impossible，指的是students were being recommended…這件事可能的話。如果選其他三項，則說明impossible與inappropriate并列，都修飾attitudes與skills，說被推薦的讀書態(tài)度與讀書使用的技能是不可能的，顯然不合邏輯，不可能怎么還會推薦呢，所以排除其他三項而選[B]。
    39. 選[D]?？疾樯舷挛恼Z義銜接與動詞辨析。[A] translated“翻譯”[B] differ“不一致，不同”，為不及物動詞;[C] shift “改變位置或方向”;[D] alter“改變，更改”。該句講在科學(xué)文化領(lǐng)域的進步改變了“讀書”這個詞的含義，因此應(yīng)選[D]。
    40. 選[D]?？疾閯釉~用法。所填詞的主語是the term reading，排除主語應(yīng)為人的選項[B] advise“建議，勸告”與[C] induce“勸誘，促使”。[A] infer“推斷”、[D] imply“暗示，意味”，文章問“閱讀”這個術(shù)語(the term “reading”)意味著什么，而不是說它能推斷什么，因此選[D]。