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基本句型
第一句主題句寫完后，第二句往往可以對(duì)第一句的概括性內(nèi)容進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明或陳述。陳述的意念很多，句型也很多，現(xiàn)在讓我們從最基本的開(kāi)始。
I.There is / are [There was; There were; There will be; There has been; There have been]+sth. (單數(shù) / 復(fù)數(shù)) in [at; on] + sth. (表示地方、范圍、方面存在或出現(xiàn)某事物，這是一個(gè)用途廣泛的句型，也是考生容易犯錯(cuò)誤的句型)
例句：
我國(guó)每年有100萬(wàn)腫瘤病人未能放療。
In our country there are one million patients with tumor who fail to get radiotherapy every year.
One million patients with cancer fail to get radiotherapy every year in our country. (此句表達(dá)很好。)
*There are one million patients with tumor not get radiotherapy every year in our country. ( 此句表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤)
One million patients with cancer do not get treatment every year in our country.
2. 藥品器具市場(chǎng)有不少問(wèn)題。
There are many problems in the markets of medications and medical devices.
Many problems exist in the markets of medications and medical devices.
*The markets of medications and medical devices have many problems. (not good)
The markets of medications and medical devices face many problems.
3. 在健康教育方面，中國(guó)與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家還有一定的距離。
There is a certain gap between China and developed counties in health education.
There exists a certain gap between China and developed countries in health education.
*In health education, China and developed countries have some distance. (此句錯(cuò)誤)
Health education in China is not as good as that in developed countries.
4. 我國(guó)約有民辦醫(yī)院400多家。
There are nearly 400 private hospitals in our country.
5. 沒(méi)有治愈過(guò)敏癥的辦法。
There are no cures for allergies.
II. 主語(yǔ)(多半為有生命的)+have / has [had; will have; has had; have had]+sth.(表示擁有、具有，用途極廣，但不少考生也容易犯錯(cuò)誤)
例句：
1. 人的耳朵有兩個(gè)功能：聽(tīng)聲音和保持平衡。
The human ear has two main functions: hearing and maintaining balance.
2. 艾滋病有三個(gè)特點(diǎn)。
AIDS has three basic characteristics [features].
3. 我國(guó)70%~80%的大學(xué)生有心理問(wèn)題。
70%~80%of colleges students in our country have mental problems.
4.大多數(shù)的吸煙者都有肺部疾病。
Most smokers have lung problems.
5.臨床護(hù)理專家在日常工作中有四種不同的角色：護(hù)理者、顧問(wèn)、教育者和研究者。
Clinical nurse specialists have four different roles in their daily practice: nurse practitioner, counselor, tutor [educator] and researcher.
III. contain sth. / include sth. (表示含有、包括)
1. 其他反應(yīng)還有胃痛、惡心、腹瀉和氣短。
Other reactions include stomach pains, sickness, diarrhea and shortness of breath.
2. 他們的血液和體液里都含有大量艾滋病病毒，具有很強(qiáng)的傳染性。
Their blood and body liquids contain lots of AIDS viruses which are highly infectious.
There are lots of highly infectious AIDS viruses in their blood and body liquids.
3. 所以，應(yīng)選擇富有碳水化合物的食物。
Therefore, you should choose foods which contain a lot of carbohydrate.
Therefore, one should choose foods (which are) rich in carbohydrate.
4. 狗會(huì)傳播多種疾病，有一些是致人死命的疾病。
Dogs can spread many diseases, including some that are deadly to people.
Dogs can spread many diseases some of which can make people die.
5. 一種食物中很難含有全部的維生素。
One kind of food can hardly contain all the vitamins.
It is unlikely to have a kind of food that contains all sorts of vitamins.
6. 差異可能有個(gè)體、宗教、年齡、種族、生活方式、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況、家庭結(jié)構(gòu)等。
The differences may include individuality, spiritual beliefs, gender, age, race, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and family structure.
7. 臨床護(hù)理專家(clinical nurse specialist) 的作用有臨床實(shí)踐、咨詢服務(wù)、教學(xué)以及相關(guān)護(hù)理研究成果的應(yīng)用。
The role of clinical nurse specialists should include clinical practice, consultation, teaching and the application of relevant nursing research.
實(shí)踐上，漢語(yǔ)的“有”字，在許多情況下，是不須用have或there is之類的英語(yǔ)詞匯表達(dá)出來(lái)的，例如：
1. 有的細(xì)菌是有害于人體健康的微生物，有的則有益。
Some bacteria are harmful micro-organisms to our human body, but some are helpful.
*There are some bacteria are harmful micro-organisms to our human body, there are some are helpful. (此句表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤)
Some bacteria are bad for health, but some are good.
2. 過(guò)去幾年，農(nóng)村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生的形勢(shì)有了很大的變化。
The situation of rural medical care greatly changed in the past years.
There were great changes in the situation of rural medical care in the past years.
*The situation of rural medical care had great changes recently. [not good]
The situation of rural medical care witnessed great changes in the past years.
Rural medical care greatly changed in the past years.
3. 導(dǎo)致這種情況的原因，我認(rèn)為有兩點(diǎn)。
I think that two reasons resulted in this situation.
I think there are two reasons leading to this situation.
4. 好醫(yī)院應(yīng)該有什么病人治什么病人。
A good hospital should treat whatever patients come to it.
A good hospital should treat all kinds of patients.
A good hospital should not refuse any patient.
5. 在整個(gè)青年期，人的行為都具有很大的盲目性和沖動(dòng)性。
In the whole period of youth, a person’s actions are full of blindness and impulse.
In the whole period of youth, a person’s actions are characterized by blindness and impulse.
In the whole period of youth, a person’s actions are often out of blindness and sudden excitement.
When people are young, they often act blindly and impulsively.
6. 人類與艾滋病作斗爭(zhēng)已經(jīng)有二十多年了。
Man has been fighting against [dealing with] AIDS for more than twenty years.
7. 要讓患者在生命的末期沒(méi)有身體上的痛苦。
Make sure that patients do not suffer much physical pain at the end of life.
We should make patients free of [from] much bodily pain at the end of their life.
We can free patients of [from] much bodily pain at the end their life.
然而，又有許多情況下，漢語(yǔ)沒(méi)有“有”字，但英語(yǔ)可以用最基本最簡(jiǎn)單的have或there is來(lái)表達(dá)，這一點(diǎn)很值得我們考生注意。
例如：
1. 影響健康的因素很多。
There are many factors which can affect health.
*Many factors can affect health.
2. 基因?qū)?huì)在不同物種之間轉(zhuǎn)移，轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的培育過(guò)程中也會(huì)發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤。
There will be movement of genes between species. There will be some mistakes in the development of genetically-modified crops, too.
3. 目前使用的化學(xué)物資多達(dá)20,000種。
Currently there are some 20,000 chemicals in use.
*Currently some 20,000 chemicals are in use.
4. 20%的大學(xué)生心理存在嚴(yán)重障礙。
20% of college students have serious mental problems.
5. 近來(lái)許多社區(qū)開(kāi)展了各種各樣的健康教育活動(dòng)。
Recently there have been a variety of health education activities in many communities.
6. 過(guò)去的一年中，試管嬰兒的出生數(shù)量大幅飆升。
There was a sharp increase in the number of newborn test-tube babies in the past year.
7. 他們個(gè)人衛(wèi)生方面的問(wèn)題很多。
They have many bad habits in personal hygiene.
There many problems in their personal hygiene.
Their personal hygiene is not satisfactory.
8. 治療藥物可分為三大類：抗HIV病毒藥物，免疫調(diào)節(jié)劑和抗感染藥物。
There are three kinds of treatment drugs: the anti-HIV ones, immunoregulation ones and anti-infective ones.
9. 該物質(zhì)什么濃度對(duì)人無(wú)害，尚不清楚。
There is no known level at which this substances is not dangerous to people.
We do not know which concentration makes this substance harmful to people.
10. 手術(shù)后無(wú)需用藥。
There will be no need for any medication after operation.
11. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，抽煙有害健康。
There is no doubt that smoking is harmful to health.
12. 男人的壽命比女人短。
Men have shorter lifespan than women.
Women usually live longer than men.
13. 這個(gè)醫(yī)生對(duì)待病人態(tài)度親切。
This doctor has a pleasant manner towards his patients.
The doctor is kind to his patients.
14. 鄉(xiāng)村一級(jí)衛(wèi)生院醫(yī)療質(zhì)量無(wú)法保證，醫(yī)療事故更是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。
You cannot have good medical services in village clinics, and there are often medical accidents there.
The quality of medical services in village clinics is usually poor, and there are often medical accidents there.