第一篇：Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering began when the DNA molecule（分子）, the most basic unit of life, was first described in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction. Experiments with altering human cells began in 1970. In one of the first experiments, patients were injected with a virus that would produce a life-saving enzyme, but their bodies would not accept it. In 1980 patients with a rare but fatal blood disease were injected with a purified gene that was cloned through DNA technology. Another failure.
Genetic engineering got a legal boost（激勵） in 1980. The U.S. Supreme Court said that a patent could be granted on a genetically engineered "oil-eating" bacterium（細菌）。 This bacterium would help clean up oil spills. The ruling encouraged companies to invent new life forms, and three important medical products were quickly developed.
Human interferon（干擾素）—— a possible solution to some cancers and viral disease. A newly engineered bacterium produced human interferon as a by-product. This new product reduced the cost of interferon.
Human growth hormone—— for children whose bodies do not grow to normal height. An expensive growth hormone（荷爾蒙） was previously produced from human cadavers, but by changing the genetic make-up of the single-cell bacterium E. coli, and affordable growth hormone could be produced.
Human insulin（胰島素）—— for the treatment of diabetes. People with diabetes used to rely on a beef- or pork-based product until 1982. Now insulin can be manufactured by genetically altered bacteria.
Advances in genetic engineering have continued, though they constantly must be weighted against the safety of procedures. There is clearly much more to discover.
31. This passage is mainly about
A. the human growth hormone.
B the effects of altering cells.
C. insulin resistance.
D. U.S. Supreme Court rulings.
32. Genetic enginerring may be defined as
A. the altering of normal cell reproduction
B. a branch of applied chemistry.
C. a procedure that holds little promise.
D. a study on life-saving enzymes.
33. According to the passage, human interferon
A. is a hormone that causes disease.
B. could be used to treat cancer.
C. is a viral disease
D. has been cured
34. In this passage, the three genetically engineered medical products are presented
A. as a process.
B. from earliest to latest.
C. in a simple list.
D.as a story.
35. In the last paragraph, the word "weighed" has the cloest meaning with
A. had great influence
B. became a burden.
C. measured accurately.
D. considered carefully.
第二篇 New Attempts to Eradicate（根除） AIDS Virus
An attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus in a few patients continues to show promise.
But researchers won't know for a year or more whether it will work, scientist David Ho told journalists here Wednesday for the Fourth Conference in Viruses and Infections.
“This is a study that's in progress,” says Ho, head of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York.
The study involves 20 people who started combinations of anti-HIV drugs very early in the course of the disease, within 90 days of their infections. They've been treated for up to 18 months. Four others have dropped out because of side effects or problems complying with the exacting drug system.
The drugs have knocked the AIDS virus down to undetectable levels in the blood of all remaining patients. And, in the latest development, scientists have now tested lymph nodes and semen from a few patients and found no virus reproducing there, Ho says. “Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent,” Ho says.
Ho has calculated that the drugs should be able to wipe out remaining viruses – at least from known reservoirs throughout the body – in two to three years. But the only way to prove eradication would be to stop the drugs and see if the virus comes back. On Wednesday, Ho said he wouldn't ask any patient to consider that step before 2 （1/2） years of treatment.
And he emphasized that he is not urging widespread adoption of such early, aggressive treatment outside of trials. No one knows the long-term risks.
But other scientists are looking at similar experiments. A federally funded study will put 300 patients on triple-drug treatments（三種藥物混合治療） and then see if some responding well after six months can continue to suppress（抑制） the virus on just one or two drugs, says researcher Douglas Richman of the University of California, San Diego. Some patients in that study also may be offered the chance to stop therapy after 18 months or more, he says.
36. According to the passage,the attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus
A.hasn't been made seriously
B.continues to show promise
C.is appreciated by California University
D.will be successful in two and a half years
37. Which of the following is NOT true about Ho's study?
A. 20 patients were involved in the study
B. The patients have used several anti-HIV drugs
C. The patients have been treated for up to 18months
D. 16 patients withdrew from the experiment
38. By saying “Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent” ,Ho means that
A. AIDS virus may exist in the blood without being detected.
B. AIDS virus is undetectable in the blood.
C. no AIDS virus can be detected in the blood.
D. no virus found in the blood means no AIDS.
39. How can we prove that the drugs have wiped out the remaining virus?
A. By using up all the drugs at once.
B. By waiting for the virus to die slowly.
C. By analyzing the treatment record thoroughly.
D. By stopping the drugs to see if the virus comes back.
40. Other scientists' experiments are similar to Ho’s in
A. the size of the experiment
B. the cost of the experiment
C. the time the experiment takes
D. the ways the patients are treated
第三篇 Gross National Happiness
In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.
King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product（GNP）。 The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country's progress by people’s happiness. If the people's happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness（GNH）。
GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.
Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.
Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan's GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.
Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.
41. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?
A. A president.
B. A buddist preist.
C. A king.
D. A general.
42. Apart from moderizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?
A. To make its populaton grow.
B. To keep it separate from the world.
C. To encourage its people to get rich.
D. To keep its tradition and customs.
43. A country shows its progress with GNP by
A. spending more money.
B. spending less money.
C selling more products.
D. providing more jobs.
44 According to GNH, people are happier if they
A have new technology.
B have a good, stable government.
C can change their religion.
D have more money.
45 Today many countries are
A trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.
B using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.
C working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.
D taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.
參考答案：
31 B 從第一段尤其是前三句中我們可以了解到,遺傳工程就是對細胞進行改造,而后面列舉的三種重要的醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品正是細胞改造的成果,因此B 項可以概括短文的內容,其他三個選項均不恰當。
32 A 本文介紹的是遺傳工程,第一段后半部說到,對DNA 的了解導致了對正常細胞繁殖的改造,并由此進行了一些實驗,可見遺傳工程就是 “對正常的細胞繁殖進行改造”。
33 B 第三段第一句明確說到,“人體干擾素可能解決某些癌癥和病毒性疾病的問題”。
34 C 從文章的表達方式來看,可以很明顯看到,這三種通過遺傳工程產(chǎn)生的醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品是以羅列的方式來介紹的,其他三個選項均不符合文章的實際內容。
35 D 在本句中,作者說“遺傳工程還在繼續(xù)獲得進展,不過還需認真考慮它的安全性”。在這里weigh實際就是 “衡量、考慮” 的意思,其他三個選項均不恰當。
36 B 短文第一句就已經(jīng)明確提示了本題答案。
37 D 第四段中說到,“有20 位病人服用了幾種藥物（注意combinations這個詞） 長達18個月,但有4人中途退出實驗” 可見選項A、B、C 是正確的,選項D 是錯誤的。
38 A “要記住,沒發(fā)現(xiàn)不等于沒有”與 “可能實際存在但沒被發(fā)現(xiàn)而已” 是同一個意思兩種不同的表達方法。其他選項均不符合原意。
39 D 倒數(shù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句就明確說到,“要證明病毒是否被消滅的方法就是停藥以后看看病毒是否重新出現(xiàn)” 其它三個選項短文均未提到。
40 D 最后一段說,“其他科學家正在做著類似的實驗”,其他選項短文均未提及。
41 C 第一段里就提到一位名為King Jigme Singre Wangchuck 的新的統(tǒng)治者,很顯然Wangchuck 是一位國王。
42 D 第一段的結尾處講到King Jigme Singre Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern ,but without losing its traditions,可見這位國王決定要讓不丹現(xiàn)代化,但又不失去自己的傳統(tǒng)。
43 C 在第二段里可以找到對GNP 一個十分簡單化的解釋：The GNP measures products and, money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress,也就是說賣出的產(chǎn)品增加了,就說明這個國家就在進步。
44 B 第三段列舉了衡量GNH的多個標準,其中包括人民享受醫(yī)療保險、受教育、有工作、生態(tài)環(huán)境健康并受到保護等等。最后提到的一個標準便是人民有個好的、穩(wěn)定的政府。
45 A 答案在第五段里下面這兩句句子中可以看到：Many countries are now interested in Bhutan's GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness.
Genetic engineering began when the DNA molecule（分子）, the most basic unit of life, was first described in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction. Experiments with altering human cells began in 1970. In one of the first experiments, patients were injected with a virus that would produce a life-saving enzyme, but their bodies would not accept it. In 1980 patients with a rare but fatal blood disease were injected with a purified gene that was cloned through DNA technology. Another failure.
Genetic engineering got a legal boost（激勵） in 1980. The U.S. Supreme Court said that a patent could be granted on a genetically engineered "oil-eating" bacterium（細菌）。 This bacterium would help clean up oil spills. The ruling encouraged companies to invent new life forms, and three important medical products were quickly developed.
Human interferon（干擾素）—— a possible solution to some cancers and viral disease. A newly engineered bacterium produced human interferon as a by-product. This new product reduced the cost of interferon.
Human growth hormone—— for children whose bodies do not grow to normal height. An expensive growth hormone（荷爾蒙） was previously produced from human cadavers, but by changing the genetic make-up of the single-cell bacterium E. coli, and affordable growth hormone could be produced.
Human insulin（胰島素）—— for the treatment of diabetes. People with diabetes used to rely on a beef- or pork-based product until 1982. Now insulin can be manufactured by genetically altered bacteria.
Advances in genetic engineering have continued, though they constantly must be weighted against the safety of procedures. There is clearly much more to discover.
31. This passage is mainly about
A. the human growth hormone.
B the effects of altering cells.
C. insulin resistance.
D. U.S. Supreme Court rulings.
32. Genetic enginerring may be defined as
A. the altering of normal cell reproduction
B. a branch of applied chemistry.
C. a procedure that holds little promise.
D. a study on life-saving enzymes.
33. According to the passage, human interferon
A. is a hormone that causes disease.
B. could be used to treat cancer.
C. is a viral disease
D. has been cured
34. In this passage, the three genetically engineered medical products are presented
A. as a process.
B. from earliest to latest.
C. in a simple list.
D.as a story.
35. In the last paragraph, the word "weighed" has the cloest meaning with
A. had great influence
B. became a burden.
C. measured accurately.
D. considered carefully.
第二篇 New Attempts to Eradicate（根除） AIDS Virus
An attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus in a few patients continues to show promise.
But researchers won't know for a year or more whether it will work, scientist David Ho told journalists here Wednesday for the Fourth Conference in Viruses and Infections.
“This is a study that's in progress,” says Ho, head of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York.
The study involves 20 people who started combinations of anti-HIV drugs very early in the course of the disease, within 90 days of their infections. They've been treated for up to 18 months. Four others have dropped out because of side effects or problems complying with the exacting drug system.
The drugs have knocked the AIDS virus down to undetectable levels in the blood of all remaining patients. And, in the latest development, scientists have now tested lymph nodes and semen from a few patients and found no virus reproducing there, Ho says. “Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent,” Ho says.
Ho has calculated that the drugs should be able to wipe out remaining viruses – at least from known reservoirs throughout the body – in two to three years. But the only way to prove eradication would be to stop the drugs and see if the virus comes back. On Wednesday, Ho said he wouldn't ask any patient to consider that step before 2 （1/2） years of treatment.
And he emphasized that he is not urging widespread adoption of such early, aggressive treatment outside of trials. No one knows the long-term risks.
But other scientists are looking at similar experiments. A federally funded study will put 300 patients on triple-drug treatments（三種藥物混合治療） and then see if some responding well after six months can continue to suppress（抑制） the virus on just one or two drugs, says researcher Douglas Richman of the University of California, San Diego. Some patients in that study also may be offered the chance to stop therapy after 18 months or more, he says.
36. According to the passage,the attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus
A.hasn't been made seriously
B.continues to show promise
C.is appreciated by California University
D.will be successful in two and a half years
37. Which of the following is NOT true about Ho's study?
A. 20 patients were involved in the study
B. The patients have used several anti-HIV drugs
C. The patients have been treated for up to 18months
D. 16 patients withdrew from the experiment
38. By saying “Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal absent” ,Ho means that
A. AIDS virus may exist in the blood without being detected.
B. AIDS virus is undetectable in the blood.
C. no AIDS virus can be detected in the blood.
D. no virus found in the blood means no AIDS.
39. How can we prove that the drugs have wiped out the remaining virus?
A. By using up all the drugs at once.
B. By waiting for the virus to die slowly.
C. By analyzing the treatment record thoroughly.
D. By stopping the drugs to see if the virus comes back.
40. Other scientists' experiments are similar to Ho’s in
A. the size of the experiment
B. the cost of the experiment
C. the time the experiment takes
D. the ways the patients are treated
第三篇 Gross National Happiness
In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.
King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product（GNP）。 The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country's progress by people’s happiness. If the people's happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness（GNH）。
GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.
Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.
Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan's GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.
Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.
41. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?
A. A president.
B. A buddist preist.
C. A king.
D. A general.
42. Apart from moderizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?
A. To make its populaton grow.
B. To keep it separate from the world.
C. To encourage its people to get rich.
D. To keep its tradition and customs.
43. A country shows its progress with GNP by
A. spending more money.
B. spending less money.
C selling more products.
D. providing more jobs.
44 According to GNH, people are happier if they
A have new technology.
B have a good, stable government.
C can change their religion.
D have more money.
45 Today many countries are
A trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.
B using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.
C working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.
D taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.
參考答案：
31 B 從第一段尤其是前三句中我們可以了解到,遺傳工程就是對細胞進行改造,而后面列舉的三種重要的醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品正是細胞改造的成果,因此B 項可以概括短文的內容,其他三個選項均不恰當。
32 A 本文介紹的是遺傳工程,第一段后半部說到,對DNA 的了解導致了對正常細胞繁殖的改造,并由此進行了一些實驗,可見遺傳工程就是 “對正常的細胞繁殖進行改造”。
33 B 第三段第一句明確說到,“人體干擾素可能解決某些癌癥和病毒性疾病的問題”。
34 C 從文章的表達方式來看,可以很明顯看到,這三種通過遺傳工程產(chǎn)生的醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品是以羅列的方式來介紹的,其他三個選項均不符合文章的實際內容。
35 D 在本句中,作者說“遺傳工程還在繼續(xù)獲得進展,不過還需認真考慮它的安全性”。在這里weigh實際就是 “衡量、考慮” 的意思,其他三個選項均不恰當。
36 B 短文第一句就已經(jīng)明確提示了本題答案。
37 D 第四段中說到,“有20 位病人服用了幾種藥物（注意combinations這個詞） 長達18個月,但有4人中途退出實驗” 可見選項A、B、C 是正確的,選項D 是錯誤的。
38 A “要記住,沒發(fā)現(xiàn)不等于沒有”與 “可能實際存在但沒被發(fā)現(xiàn)而已” 是同一個意思兩種不同的表達方法。其他選項均不符合原意。
39 D 倒數(shù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句就明確說到,“要證明病毒是否被消滅的方法就是停藥以后看看病毒是否重新出現(xiàn)” 其它三個選項短文均未提到。
40 D 最后一段說,“其他科學家正在做著類似的實驗”,其他選項短文均未提及。
41 C 第一段里就提到一位名為King Jigme Singre Wangchuck 的新的統(tǒng)治者,很顯然Wangchuck 是一位國王。
42 D 第一段的結尾處講到King Jigme Singre Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern ,but without losing its traditions,可見這位國王決定要讓不丹現(xiàn)代化,但又不失去自己的傳統(tǒng)。
43 C 在第二段里可以找到對GNP 一個十分簡單化的解釋：The GNP measures products and, money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress,也就是說賣出的產(chǎn)品增加了,就說明這個國家就在進步。
44 B 第三段列舉了衡量GNH的多個標準,其中包括人民享受醫(yī)療保險、受教育、有工作、生態(tài)環(huán)境健康并受到保護等等。最后提到的一個標準便是人民有個好的、穩(wěn)定的政府。
45 A 答案在第五段里下面這兩句句子中可以看到：Many countries are now interested in Bhutan's GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness.